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Xu P, Li S, Liu K, Fan R, Liu F, Zhang H, Liu D, Shen D. Downregulation of dermatopontin in cholangiocarcinoma cells suppresses CCL19 secretion of macrophages and immune infiltration. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:66. [PMID: 38300311 PMCID: PMC10834663 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tumor microenvironment (TME) in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is typically characterized by a low level of immune infiltration, which accounts for the dismal prognosis of this patient population. This study sought to investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduced infiltration of immune cells into the CHOL TME. METHODS We constructed a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model to identify prognosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The 'Corrplot' package was employed to analyze the correlation between dermatopontin (DPT) and immune infiltration in CHOL. The Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB) was used to evaluate the association between DPT and immunology. Single-cell analysis was conducted to localize CCL19 secretions. Western blot and qPCR were utilized to detect DPT expression, while immunofluorescence was performed to investigate the cellular localization of DPT. Additionally, ELISA analysis was employed to assess the alteration in CCL19 secretion in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and macrophages. RESULTS Our findings revealed that CHOL patients with low DPT expression had a poorer prognosis. Enrichment analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between DPT levels and the infiltration of immunomodulators and immune cells. Moreover, high DPT levels were associated with enhanced anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapeutic responses. Furthermore, DPT expression impacted the landscape of gene mutations, showing a negative association with tumor grade, stage, and lymph node metastasis. Based on the results of protein peptides analysis and cell experiments, it was inferred that the downregulation of DPT in CHOL cells effectively suppressed the secretion of CCL19 in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS DPT is a novel prognosis-related biomarker for CHOL patients, and this study provides preliminary insights into the mechanism by which DPT promotes the infiltration of immune cells into the CHOL TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Siyang Li
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fahui Liu
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haoxuan Zhang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongyan Shen
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China.
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