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Lei D, Liu D, Zhang J, Zhang L, Man MQ. Benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1275506. [PMID: 38239888 PMCID: PMC10794395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1275506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of the crucial role of epidermal permeability barrier in regulation of cutaneous and extracutaneous functions, great efforts have been made to identify and develop the regimens that can improve epidermal permeability barrier function. Studies have demonstrated that oral administration of natural ingredients can improve epidermal permeability barrier in various skin conditions, including inflammatory dermatoses and UV-irradiation. Moreover, topical applications of some natural ingredients can also accelerate the repair of epidermal permeability barrier after acute barrier disruption and lower transepidermal water loss in the intact skin. Natural ingredient-induced improvements in epidermal permeability barrier function can be attributable to upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation, lipid production, antioxidant, hyaluronic acid production, expression of aquaporin 3 and sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. In this review, we summarize the benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier in normal skin with or without acute barrier disruption and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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2
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Enayati A, Ghojoghnejad M, Roufogalis BD, Maollem SA, Sahebkar A. Impact of Phytochemicals on PPAR Receptors: Implications for Disease Treatments. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4714914. [PMID: 36092543 PMCID: PMC9453090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. PPARs have attracted wide attention as pharmacologic mediators to manage multiple diseases and their underlying signaling targets. They mediate a broad range of specific biological activities and multiple organ toxicity, including cellular differentiation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation related to their up/downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, several types of selective PPAR ligands, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been approved as their pharmacological agonists. Despite these advances, the use of PPAR agonists is known to cause adverse effects in various systems. Conversely, some naturally occurring PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural endogenous PPAR agonists curcumin and resveratrol, have been introduced as safe agonists as a result of their clinical evidence or preclinical experiments. This review focuses on research on plant-derived active ingredients (natural phytochemicals) as potential safe and promising PPAR agonists. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review and critique of the role of phytochemicals in PPARs-related diseases and provides an understanding of phytochemical-mediated PPAR-dependent and -independent cascades. The findings of this research will help to define the functions of phytochemicals as potent PPAR pharmacological agonists in underlying disease mechanisms and their related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghojoghnejad
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Adel Maollem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Pharmacological Significance of Hesperidin and Hesperetin, Two Citrus Flavonoids, as Promising Antiviral Compounds for Prophylaxis Against and Combating COVID-19. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211042540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin and hesperetin are flavonoids that are abundantly present as constituents of citrus fruits. These compounds have attracted attention as several computational methods, mostly docking studies, have shown that hesperidin may bind to multiple regions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and proteases). Hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the SARS-CoV-2 “spike” protein responsible for internalization, and also with the “PLpro” and “Mpro” responsible for transforming the early proteins of the virus into the complex responsible for viral replication. This suggests that these flavonoids could act as prophylactic agents by blocking several mechanisms of viral infection and replication, and thus helping the host cell to resist viral attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Kuzu M, Kandemir FM, Yıldırım S, Çağlayan C, Küçükler S. Attenuation of sodium arsenite-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity with the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects of hesperidin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10818-10831. [PMID: 33099738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the scope of the study, the protective effect of hesperidin (HES), a flavanone glycoside, was investigated against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, SA) induced heart and brain toxicity. For this purpose, 35 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 different groups, 7 in each group. Physiological saline was given to the first group. Dose of 200 mg/kg of HES to the second group, 10 mg/kg dose of SA to the 3rd group, 100 mg/kg HES and 10 mg/kg SA to the 4th group, 200 mg/kg HES, and 10 mg/kg SA to the 5th group were given orally for 15 days. At the end of the study, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on the heart and brain tissues of the rats. According to the results, SA increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and decreased glutathione (reduced, GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in both tissues. Also, it increased cardiac lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) activities and cardiac troponin-I level (cTn-I), cerebral acetylcholine esterase activity, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-one beta (IL-1β), and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3) levels. In addition, as a result of histopathological examination, it was determined that SA damaged tissue architecture, and as a result of immunohistochemical examination, it increased cardiac Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cerebral glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The results have also shown that HES co-treatment has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic effect on SA-induced toxicity and aids to protect tissue architecture by showing a regulatory effect on all values. Consequently, it was determined that HES co-treatment had a protective effect on SA-induced heart and brain toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm Kuzu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Çağlayan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. They are ligand-activated transcription factors and exist in three different isoforms, PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs regulate a variety of functions, including glucose and lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and development. They exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Besides the established notion of the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists for the treatment of glucose and lipid disorders, more recent data propose specific PPAR ligands as potential therapies for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in myocardial infarction, a severe pathological condition for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.
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Pepe G, Salviati E, Rapa SF, Ostacolo C, Cascioferro S, Manfra M, Autore G, Marzocco S, Campiglia P. Citrus sinensis and Vitis vinifera Protect Cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress: Evaluation of Onconutraceutical Potential of Vegetable Smoothies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050378. [PMID: 32370308 PMCID: PMC7278676 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest towards nutraceuticals able to counteract drug side effects is continuously growing in current chemotherapeutic protocols. In the present study, we demonstrated that smoothies containing mixtures of Citrus sinensis and Vitis vinifera L. cv. Aglianico N, two typical fruits of the Mediterranean diet, possess bioactive polyphenols that protect cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress. The polyphenolic extracts isolated from Citrus sinensis- and Vitis vinifera-based functional smoothies were deeply characterized by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods. Subsequently, the functional smoothies and relative mixtures were tested to verify their ability to affect cellular viability and oxidative stress parameters in embryonic cardiomyocyte cells (H9c2), and human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) exposed to doxorubicin. Interestingly, we found that the mix resulting from Citrus sinensis and Vitis vinifera association in ratio 1:1 was able to reduce cardiomyocytes damage induced by anthracyclines, without significantly interfering with the pro-apoptotic activity of the drug on breast cancer cells. These results point out the potential use of vegetable smoothies as adjuvants functional foods for chemotherapeutic anticancer protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (E.S.); (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (E.S.); (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (E.S.); (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (E.S.); (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (E.S.); (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-089-96-9250 (S.M.); +39-089-96-9242 (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (E.S.); (S.F.R.); (G.A.)
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-089-96-9250 (S.M.); +39-089-96-9242 (P.C.)
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Torró-Montell L, Cortés-Castell E, Sirvent-Segura E, Veciana-Galindo C, Gil-Guillén V, Rizo-Baeza M. Influence of Olive Extracts on the Expression of Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Medaka Fish. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173068. [PMID: 31450764 PMCID: PMC6749195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims. To assess the possible effect of polyphenol-rich olive extracts on lipid metabolism in medaka fish by quantifying the expression of lipogenic and lipolytic genes. Materials and methods. Adult medaka fish were maintained in tanks for five days with five extracts at 0.01% in water, causing obesity through a diet rich in carbohydrates, with a control group maintained in water with a normal diet. The extracts contained polyphenols ranging between 7 and 116 mg/g (oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol) with an antioxidant power of 2-13 mmol of 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine/100 g. After five days, the fish were sacrificed and the hepatic mRNA and its complementary DNA were extracted by reverse transcription. Complementary DNAs were quantified for three lipolytic and three lipogenic genes by real-time PCR. The relative gene expression was calculated from the amplification curves in reference to the control group. Results. The expression of genes involved in lipolysis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-±, acyl-CoA oxidase 1, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, were clearly decreased in fish subjected to an obesogenic diet, and this situation could not be reversed in fish maintained with polyphenol-rich extracts. In contrast, lipogenic fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 genes increased considerably with the obesogenic diet and reverted to the normal state with the olive extracts. The effect was not dependent on the total polyphenol content, the specific oleuropein or hydroxytyrosol concentration, or the antioxidant power, suggesting a synergistic effect. Conclusion. Olive polyphenols, acting as anti-lipogenic agents, have a positive effect on lipid metabolism, but their mechanism in each gene is different according to the extract, which supports synergistic mechanisms with the different proportions of polyphenols and accompanying phytochemicals in each extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Cortés-Castell
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | | - Vicente Gil-Guillén
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rizo-Baeza
- Department of Nursing, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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