1
|
Peña-Toledo MA, Luque E, LaTorre M, Jimena I, Leiva-Cepas F, Ruz-Caracuel I, Agüera E, Peña-Amaro J, Tunez I. The ultrastructure of muscle fibers and satellite cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:401-412. [PMID: 35994513 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the ultrastructure of muscle fibers and satellite cells in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE-induced animals were treated with TMS (60 Hz at 0.7 mT) for 2 hours in the morning, once a day, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks, starting on day 15 post-immunization. The rats were sacrificed on day 36 post-immunization, and the soleus muscles were evaluated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Findings were compared with a non-treated EAE group. Electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and altered myofibrils in non-treated EAE group. This correlates with the presence of acid phosphatase activity in muscle fibers and core-targetoid lesions with desmin immunohistochemistry. Most myonuclei in the EAE group showed apoptotic features. In contrast, EAE induced-TMS treated animals had less ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria and the myofibrils, together with less frequent apoptotic nuclear features. Peripheral desmin+ protrusions, as a marker of active satellite cells, were significantly increased in TMS-treated group. This correlates ultrastructurally with the presence of active features in satellite cells in the TMS group. In conclusion, the attenuation of ultrastructural alterations in muscle fibers and activation response of satellite cells caused by EAE indicated that skeletal muscle had a regenerative response to TMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Angeles Peña-Toledo
- Dementia and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Jimena
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Leiva-Cepas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Dementia and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Peña-Amaro
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Tunez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM), Ministery for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|