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Setiawan AM, Kamarudin TA, Abd Ghafar N. The role of BMP4 in adipose-derived stem cell differentiation: A minireview. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1045103. [PMID: 36340030 PMCID: PMC9634734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1045103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines responsible for stem cells’ commitment to differentiation, proliferation, and maturation. To date, various studies have utilized BMP4 as a chemical inducer for in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on its potential. BMP4 drives in vitro differentiation of ADSC via TGF-β signaling pathway by interactions with BMP receptors leading to the activation of smad-dependent and smad-independent pathways. The BMP4 signaling pathways are regulated by intracellular and extracellular BMP4 antagonists. Extracellular BMP4 antagonist prevents interaction between BMP4 ligand to its receptors, while intracellular BMP4 antagonist shutdowns the smad-dependent pathways through multiple mechanisms. BMP4 proved as one of the popular differentiation factors to induce ADSC differentiation into cell from mesodermal origin. However, addition of all-trans retinoic acid is also needed in trans-differentiation of ADSC into ectodermal lineage cells. Suggesting that both BMP4 and RA signaling pathways may be necessary to be activated for in vitro trans-differentiation of ADSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Malik Setiawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Taty Anna Kamarudin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Taty Anna Kamarudin,
| | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wu SH, Liao YT, Huang CH, Chen YC, Chiang ER, Wang JP. Comparison of the Confluence-Initiated Neurogenic Differentiation Tendency of Adipose-Derived and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111503. [PMID: 34829732 PMCID: PMC8615071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), which tended to neurogenically differentiate spontaneously after achieving high confluence, were observed. Human ADSCs reaching 80% confluence were cultured in DMEM without an inducing factor for 24 h and then maintained in DMEM plus 1% FBS medium for 7 days. The neurogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic genes of the factor-induced and confluence-initiated differentiation of the ADSCs and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at passages 3 to 5 were determined and compared using RT-qPCR, and the neurogenic differentiation was confirmed using immunofluorescent staining. In vitro tests revealed that the RNA and protein expression of neuronal markers, including class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH), and neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), had been enhanced in the confluence-initiated differentiation of the ADSCs. In addition, the expressions of neurotrophins, such as the nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), were also elevated in the confluence-initiated differentiation of the ADSCs. However, the confluent ADSCs did not show a tendency toward spontaneous adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, compared with the confluent ADSCs, the tendency of spontaneous neurogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of the confluent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was not observed. The results indicated that ADSCs had the potential to spontaneously differentiate into neuron-like cells during the confluent culture period; however, this tendency was not observed in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Han Huang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Yi-Chou Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan;
| | - En-Rung Chiang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Pan Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7557; Fax: +886-2-2875-7657
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Engineering a 3D Vascularized Adipose Tissue Construct Using a Decellularized Lung Matrix. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6030052. [PMID: 34562876 PMCID: PMC8482279 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically sized defects in subcutaneous white adipose tissue result in extensive disfigurement and dysfunction and remain a reconstructive challenge for surgeons; as larger defect sizes are correlated with higher rates of complications and failure due to insufficient vascularization following implantation. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, a method to engineer perfusable, pre-vascularized, high-density adipose grafts that combine patient-derived adipose cells with a decellularized lung matrix (DLM). The lung is one of the most vascularized organs with high flow, low resistance, and a large blood-alveolar interface separated by a thin basement membrane. For our work, the large volume capacity within the alveolar compartment was repurposed for high-density adipose cell filling, while the acellular vascular bed provided efficient graft perfusion throughout. Both adipocytes and hASCs were successfully delivered and remained in the alveolar space even after weeks of culture. While adipose-derived cells maintained their morphology and functionality in both static and perfusion DLM cultures, perfusion culture offered enhanced outcomes over static culture. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endothelial cells seamlessly integrate into the acellular vascular tree of the DLM with adipocytes. These results support that the DLM is a unique platform for creating vascularized adipose tissue grafts for large defect filling.
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Nyambat B, Manga YB, Chen CH, Gankhuyag U, Pratomo WP A, Kumar Satapathy M, Chuang EY. New Insight into Natural Extracellular Matrix: Genipin Cross-Linked Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix Gel for Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4864. [PMID: 32660134 PMCID: PMC7402347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) is associated with a lower risk of pathogen transfer, and it possesses an ideal niche with growth factors and complex fibrillar proteins for cell attachment and growth. However, the cell-derived ECM is found to have poor biomechanical properties, and processing of cell-derived ECM into gels is scarcely studied. The gel provides platforms for three-dimensional cell culture, as well as injectable biomaterials, which could be delivered via a minimally invasive procedure. Thus, in this study, an adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived ECM gel was developed and cross-linked by genipin to address the aforementioned issue. The genipin cross-linked ADSC ECM gel was fabricated via several steps, including rabbit ADSC culture, cell sheets, decellularization, freeze-thawing, enzymatic digestion, neutralization of pH, and cross-linking. The physicochemical characteristics and cytocompatibility of the gel were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the genipin cross-linking could significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the ADSC ECM gel. Furthermore, the ADSC ECM was found to contain collagen, fibronectin, biglycan, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, which could substantially maintain ADSC, skin, and ligament fibroblast cell proliferation. This cell-derived natural material could be suitable for future regenerative medicine and tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batzaya Nyambat
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (B.N.); (Y.B.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Yankuba B. Manga
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (B.N.); (Y.B.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (B.N.); (Y.B.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.S.)
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University–Shuang Ho Hospital, 291 Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Uuganbayar Gankhuyag
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (B.N.); (Y.B.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Andi Pratomo WP
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Mantosh Kumar Satapathy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (B.N.); (Y.B.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (B.N.); (Y.B.M.); (U.G.); (M.K.S.)
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University–Wan Fang Hospital, 111, Sec. 3, Xinglong 11 Road, Wenshan District, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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