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Wan Z, Wang Y, Li C, Zheng D. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220682. [PMID: 37588995 PMCID: PMC10426760 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract with a high lethality rate, and its immunotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence have become a major challenge in its clinical treatment. G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPRs) are the largest family of receptors on the cell membrane surface, involved in multiple signaling pathways, and are excellent targets for oncology drug action. The transcriptome profile, single cell transcriptome profile, and clinical data of BLCA were extracted and integrated from TCGA and GEO databases, respectively. The GPR-related genes were obtained from GSEA-MSigDB database. The GPR-related gene signatures of 15 genes were constructed by using the methods of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, multifactor Cox model. At the same time, tumor microenvironment (TME)-score signatures were constructed based on the immune microenvironment of BLCA, and GPR-TME-score signature was further constructed. The stability of this model was verified by using the external dataset GSE160693. We constructed risk groups by combining BLCA patient prognostic information, and with the help of BLCA scRNA transcriptome profiling, we explored differences in prognosis, immune scores, cell-cell interactions, tumor mutational burden, immune checkpoints, and response to immunotherapy in each risk group. We found that the GPR-TME-score signature was an independent prognostic factor for BLCA patients. the TME-score was a protective factor for the prognosis of BLCA patients. Among BLCA patients, GPR-high + TME-low risk group had the worst prognosis, while GPR-high + TME-high risk group had the best prognosis, and the latter had better immune score and immunotherapy response. The above differences in immune response among the subgroups may be related to the higher immune cell infiltration in the GPR-high + TME-high group. GPR-related gene signatures and TME are closely related to BLCA prognosis and immunotherapy, and GPR-related gene signature can be a useful tool to assess BLCA prognosis and immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglei Wang
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongbing Zheng
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Adibi R, Moein S, Gheisari Y. Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells Reveal a Polyploid Phenotype with Remarkable Activation of Nuclear Processes. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:77. [PMID: 37200756 PMCID: PMC10186044 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_348_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor recurrence as one of the main causes of cancer death is a big barrier to cancer complete treatment. Various studies denote the possible role of therapeutics in tumor relapse. Cisplatin as one of the generally used chemotherapy agents is supposed to be the source of therapy resistance through formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which PGCCs promote tumor relapse are not fully understood. Materials and Methods In this study, we performed experimental and bioinformatic investigations to recognize the mechanisms related to cisplatin resistance. A2780 and SCOV-3 cell lines were treated with cisplatin for 72 hours and were evaluated for their morphology by fluorescent microscopy and DNA content analysis. Furthermore, a microarray dataset of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells was re-analyzed to determine the significantly altered genes and signaling pathways. Results Although cisplatin led to death of considerable fraction of cells in both cell lines, a significant number of survived cells became polyploid. On the other hand, our high throughput analysis determined significant change in expression of 1930 genes which mainly related to gene regulatory mechanisms and nuclear processes. Besides, mTOR, hypoxia, Hippo, and 14-3-3 signaling pathways previously shown to have role in PGCCs were determined. Conclusion Taken together, results of this study demonstrated some key biological mechanisms related to cisplatin-resistant polyploid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Adibi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Moein
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhu J, Zhao J, Luo C, Zhu Z, Peng X, Zhu X, Lin K, Bu F, Zhang W, Li Q, Wang K, Hu Z, Yu X, Chen L, Yuan R. FAT10 promotes chemotherapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via stabilization of FOXM1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:497. [PMID: 35614040 PMCID: PMC9132907 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, and its resistance to gemcitabine chemotherapy is the primary reason for poor prognosis in patients. Ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 has recently been reported to promote tumor chemotherapy resistance. In this study, the expression of FAT10 in PC was significantly higher than that in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Increased expression of FAT10 in PC was related to a late TNM stage and decreased overall survival. Functional experiments revealed that downregulating the expression of FAT10 inhibits the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC cells, promotes the apoptosis of PC cells, and enhances sensitivity to gemcitabine chemotherapy. In addition, upregulation of FAT10 increased the expression of FOXM1 protein. The effect of downregulating FAT10 was reversed by FOXM1 overexpression, and FOXM1 knockdown inhibited EMT driven by FAT10 overexpression. Mechanistically, FAT10 stabilized the expression of FOXM1 by competing with ubiquitin to bind FOXM1 and inhibiting the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of FOXM1. In conclusion, the FAT10-FOXM1 axis is a pivotal driver of PC proliferation and gemcitabine resistance, and the results provide novel insights into chemotherapy resistance in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiefeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingyu Peng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kang Lin
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for General Surgery Disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for General Surgery Disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for General Surgery Disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Aichem A, Groettrup M. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 - much more than a proteasome-targeting signal. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/14/jcs246041. [PMID: 32719056 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) also called ubiquitin D (UBD) is a member of the ubiquitin-like modifier (ULM) family. The FAT10 gene is localized in the MHC class I locus and FAT10 protein expression is mainly restricted to cells and organs of the immune system. In all other cell types and tissues, FAT10 expression is highly inducible by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Besides ubiquitin, FAT10 is the only ULM which directly targets its substrates for degradation by the 26S proteasome. This poses the question as to why two ULMs sharing the proteasome-targeting function have evolved and how they differ from each other. This Review summarizes the current knowledge of the special structure of FAT10 and highlights its differences from ubiquitin. We discuss how these differences might result in differential outcomes concerning proteasomal degradation mechanisms and non-covalent target interactions. Moreover, recent insights about the structural and functional impact of FAT10 interacting with specific non-covalent interaction partners are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Aichem
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland .,Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Reznik N, Kozer N, Eisenberg-Lerner A, Barr H, Merbl Y, London N. Phenotypic Screen Identifies JAK2 as a Major Regulator of FAT10 Expression. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2538-2545. [PMID: 31794190 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FAT10 is a ubiquitin-like protein suggested to target proteins for proteasomal degradation. It is highly upregulated upon pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL6, and was found to be highly expressed in various epithelial cancers. Evidence suggests that FAT10 is involved in cancer development and may have a pro-tumorigenic role. However, its biological role is still unclear, as well as its biochemical and cellular regulation. To identify pathways underlying FAT10 expression in the context of pro-inflammatory stimulation, which characterizes the cancerous environment, we implemented a phenotypic transcriptional reporter screen with a library of annotated compounds. We identified AZ960, a potent JAK2 inhibitor, which significantly downregulates FAT10 under pro-inflammatory cytokines induction, in an NFκB-independent manner. We validated JAK2 as a major regulator of FAT10 expression via knockdown, and we suggest that the transcriptional effects are mediated through pSTAT1/3/5. Overall, we have elucidated a pathway regulating FAT10 transcription and discovered a tool compound to chemically downregulate FAT10 expression, and to further study its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Reznik
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Noga Kozer
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Haim Barr
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yifat Merbl
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir London
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Würfel FM, Winterhalter C, Trenkwalder P, Wirtz RM, Würfel W. European Patent in Immunoncology: From Immunological Principles of Implantation to Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081830. [PMID: 31013867 PMCID: PMC6514949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The granted European patent EP 2 561 890 describes a procedure for an immunological treatment of cancer. It is based on the principles of the HLA-supported communication of implantation and pregnancy. These principles ensure that the embryo is not rejected by the mother. In pregnancy, the placenta, more specifically the trophoblast, creates an “interface” between the embryo/fetus and the maternal immune system. Trophoblasts do not express the “original” HLA identification of the embryo/fetus (HLA-A to -DQ), but instead show the non-classical HLA groups E, F, and G. During interaction with specific receptors of NK cells (e.g., killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)) and lymphocytes (lymphocyte-immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIL-R)), the non-classical HLA groups inhibit these immunocompetent cells outside pregnancy. However, tumors are known to be able to express these non-classical HLA groups and thus make use of an immuno-communication as in pregnancies. If this occurs, the prognosis usually worsens. This patent describes, in a first step, the profiling of the non-classical HLA groups in primary tumor tissue as well as metastases and recurrent tumors. The second step comprises tailored antibody therapies, which is the subject of this patent. In this review, we analyze the underlying mechanisms and describe the currently known differences between HLA-supported communication of implantation and that of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Würfel
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ralph M Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany.
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