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McCall JL, Varney ME, Rice E, Dziadowicz SA, Hall C, Blethen KE, Hu G, Barnett JB, Martinez I. Prenatal Cadmium Exposure Alters Proliferation in Mouse CD4 + T Cells via LncRNA Snhg7. Front Immunol 2022; 12:720635. [PMID: 35087510 PMCID: PMC8786704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure leads to immunotoxic phenotypes in the offspring affecting coding and non-coding genes. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are integral to T cell regulation. Here, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (lncSnhg7) in T cell proliferation. Methods RNA sequencing was used to analyze the expression of lncRNAs in splenic CD4+ T cells with and without CD3/CD28 stimulation. Next, T cells isolated from offspring exposed to control or Cd water throughout mating and gestation were analyzed with and without stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. Quantitative qPCR and western blotting were used to detect RNA and protein levels of specific genes. Overexpression of a miR-34a mimic was achieved using nucleofection. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and luminescence assays. Flow cytometry was also used to measure T cell proliferation in culture. Finally, lncSnhg7 was knocked down in splenic CD4+ T cells with lentivirus to assess its effect on proliferation. Results We identified 23 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in stimulated versus unstimulated T cells, including lncSnhg7. LncSnhg7 and a downstream protein, GALNT7, are upregulated in T cells from offspring exposed to Cd during gestation. Overexpression of miR-34a, a regulator of lncSnhg7 and GALNT7, suppresses GALNT7 protein levels in primary T cells, but not in a mouse T lymphocyte cell line. The T cells isolated from Cd-exposed offspring exhibit increased proliferation after activation in vitro, but Treg suppression and CD4+ T cell apoptosis are not affected by prenatal Cd exposure. Knockdown on lncSnhg7 inhibits proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Conclusion Prenatal Cd exposure alters the expression of lncRNAs during T cell activation. The induction of lncSnhg7 is enhanced in splenic T cells from Cd offspring resulting in the upregulation of GALNT7 protein and increased proliferation following activation. miR-34a overexpression decreased GALNT7 expression and knockdown of lncSnhg7 inhibited proliferation suggesting that the lncSnhg7/miR-34a/GALNT7 is an important pathway in primary CD4+ T cells. These data highlight the need to understand the consequences of environmental exposures on lncRNA functions in non-cancerous cells as well as the effects in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. McCall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Melinda E. Varney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Emily Rice
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Dziadowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Casey Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Blethen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - John B. Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ivan Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Joelsson JP, Ingthorsson S, Kricker J, Gudjonsson T, Karason S. Ventilator-induced lung-injury in mouse models: Is there a trap? Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:30. [PMID: 34715943 PMCID: PMC8554750 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a serious acute injury to the lung tissue that can develop during mechanical ventilation of patients. Due to the mechanical strain of ventilation, damage can occur in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium resulting in a cascade of events that may be fatal to the patients. Patients requiring mechanical ventilation are often critically ill, which limits the possibility of obtaining patient samples, making VILI research challenging. In vitro models are very important for VILI research, but the complexity of the cellular interactions in multi-organ animals, necessitates in vivo studies where the mouse model is a common choice. However, the settings and duration of ventilation used to create VILI in mice vary greatly, causing uncertainty in interpretation and comparison of results. This review examines approaches to induce VILI in mouse models for the last 10 years, to our best knowledge, summarizing methods and key parameters presented across the studies. The results imply that a more standardized approach is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Petur Joelsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Seltjarnarnes, Iceland.
| | - Saevar Ingthorsson
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Seltjarnarnes, Iceland
| | - Sigurbergur Karason
- Stem Cell Research Unit, BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Intensive Care Unit, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Transcriptome-Wide Gene Expression in a Murine Model of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5535890. [PMID: 33927789 PMCID: PMC8049808 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5535890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Mechanical ventilation could lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), but its underlying pathogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the genes which were highly correlated with VILI as well as their expressions and interactions by analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the VILI samples and controls. Methods GSE11434 was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, and DEGs were identified with GEO2R. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using DAVID. Next, we used the STRING tool to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs. Then, the hub genes and related modules were identified with the Cytoscape plugins: cytoHubba and MCODE. qRT-PCR was further used to validate the results in the GSE11434 dataset. We also applied gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to discern the gene sets that had a significant difference between the VILI group and the control. Hub genes were also subjected to analyses by CyTargetLinker and NetworkAnalyst to predict associated miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs). Besides, we used CIBERSORT to detect the contributions of different types of immune cells in lung tissues of mice in the VILI group. By using DrugBank, small molecular compounds that could potentially interact with hub genes were identified. Results A total of 141 DEGs between the VILI group and the control were identified in GSE11434. Then, seven hub genes were identified and were validated by using qRT-PCR. Those seven hub genes were largely enriched in TLR and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. GSEA showed that VILI-associated genes were also enriched in NOD, antigen presentation, and chemokine pathways. We predicted the miRNAs and TFs associated with hub genes and constructed miRNA-TF-gene regulatory network. An analysis with CIBERSORT showed that the proportion of M0 macrophages and activated mast cells was higher in the VILI group than in the control. Small molecules, like nadroparin and siltuximab, could act as potential drugs for VILI. Conclusion In sum, a number of hub genes associated with VILI were identified and could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of VILI and potential targets for its treatment.
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Mining the key genes for ventilator-induced lung injury using co-expression network analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228048. [PMID: 33687057 PMCID: PMC7969703 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is extensively adopted in general anesthesia and respiratory failure management, but it can also induce ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Therefore, it is of great urgency to explore the mechanisms involved in the VILI pathogenesis, which might contribute to its future prevention and treatment. Four microarray datasets from the GEO database were selected in our investigation, and were subjected to the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify the VILI-correlated gene modules. The limma package in R software was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the VILI and control groups. WGCNA was constructed by merging the GSE9314, GSE9368, GSE11434 and GSE11662 datasets. A total of 49 co-expression network modules were determined as associated with VILI. The intersected genes between hub genes screened from DEGs for VILI and those identified using WGCNA were as follows: Tlr2, Hmox1, Serpine1, Mmp9, Il6, Il1b, Ptgs2, Fos and Atf3, which were determined to be key genes for VILI. Those key genes were validated by GSE86229 and quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiment to have significantly statistical difference in their expression between the VILI and control groups. In a nutshell, nine key genes with expression differences in VILI were screened by WGCNA by integrating multiple datasets.
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He K, Han S, An L, Zhang J. Inhibition of MicroRNA-214 Alleviates Lung Injury and Inflammation via Increasing FGFR1 Expression in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. Lung 2021; 199:63-72. [PMID: 33389067 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-020-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is an additional inflammatory injury caused by mechanical ventilation (MV). This study aimed to determine the effects of microRNA-214 (miR-214) on VILI and its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS To develop a VILI mouse model, mice were subjected to MV. The expression of miR-214 was detected by qRT-PCR. The macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells were isolated from lung tissues by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The histopathological changes of lung, lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were used to evaluate the degree of lung injury. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the interactions between miR-214 and FGFR1. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of FGFR1, p-AKT, and p-PI3K. RESULTS The expression of miR-214 was increased in lung tissues and macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells isolated from lung tissues in VILI mice. MiR-214 inhibition decreased the histopathological changes of lung, lung W/D ratio, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in BALF in VILI mice. FGFR1 was targeted by miR-214. The protein expression of FGFR1 was decreased in VILI mice. Ponatinib (FGFR1 inhibitor) reversed the suppressive effects of miR-214 inhibition on lung injury and inflammation of VILI mice. MiR-214 increased the activity of PI3K/AKT pathway by regulating FGFR1. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of miR-214 attenuated lung injury and inflammation in VILI mice by increasing FGFR1 expression, providing a novel therapeutic target for VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, No. 206, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, No. 206, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, No. 206, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
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Zhang N, Zhang Y, Wang L, Xia J, Liang S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Huang X, Li M, Zeng H, Zhan Q. Expression profiling analysis of long noncoding RNAs in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury indicating potential roles in inflammation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11660-11679. [PMID: 30784114 PMCID: PMC7983175 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The key regulators of inflammation underlying ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) remain poorly defined. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the inflammatory response of many diseases; however, their roles in VILI remain unclear. We, therefore, performed transcriptome profiling of lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) using RNA sequencing in lungs collected from mice model of VILI and control groups. Gene expression was analyzed through RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transctiption polymerase chain reaction. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was used to characterize the expression profiles and relevant biological functions and for multiple comparisons among the controls and the injury models at different time points. Finally, lncRNA-mRNA coexpression networks were constructed and dysregulated lncRNAs were analyzed functionally. The mRNA transcript profiling, coexpression network analysis, and functional analysis of altered lncRNAs indicated enrichment in the regulation of immune system/inflammation processes, response to stress, and inflammatory pathways. We identified the lncRNA Gm43181 might be related to lung damage and neutrophil activation via chemokine receptor chemokine (C-X-C) receptor 2. In summary, our study provides an identification of aberrant lncRNA alterations involved in inflammation upon VILI, and lncRNA-mediated regulatory patterns may contribute to VILI inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan‐Nan Zhang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Gen Xia
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Shun‐Tao Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Zhi Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu Huang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Min Li
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing‐Yuan Zhan
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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