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YUSTINASARI LR, KURATOMI M, KAGAWA S, GONDO A, ARAMAKI N, IMAI H, KUSAKABE KT. Specific expression and blood kinetics for relaxin 2, lipocalin 2, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 at the canine placenta and pregnant bloods. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:77-86. [PMID: 38057091 PMCID: PMC10849861 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, humoral factors released from the placenta influence pregnancy progression, but the involvement of the canine placenta is often unidentified. We investigated specific genes in canine placentas and analyzed the blood dynamics of the translated proteins. Furthermore, RNAs are known to be released from placentas embedding in exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles. Here, the presence of cell-free RNAs in pregnant serums was also confirmed. RNA specimens were purified from the normal healthy dog placentas and applied to RNA-Seq analysis. Expressions of frequent genes were confirmed by RT-PCR using placentas from other individuals and breeds. Relaxin (RLN) 2, lipocalin (LCN) 2, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) 2 were selected as high-expressed and placenta-specific genes. By western blot, the three factors were clearly detected in the pregnant serums. Quantitative analysis revealed that the amount of RLN2 increased significantly from non-pregnancy to day 41 of pregnancy. Regarding LCN2 and TFPI2, the protein serum levels elevated during pregnancy, but the statistical differences were not detected. Exosomes were found in all pregnant serums; however, the percentage was less than 6% in total extracellular vesicles. The cell-free RNA related to RLN2 was detected, but no elevation was confirmed during pregnancy. We found specific genes in the canine placenta and the transition of their translated protein into the blood. These factors may become useful tools for research on canine pregnancy and monitoring of reproductive management. Exosomes and cell-free RNA could not be found to be valid in canine reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita Rakhma YUSTINASARI
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria KURATOMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Seizaburo KAGAWA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ai GONDO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki ARAMAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki IMAI
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Sobieh BH, El-Mesallamy HO, Kassem DH. Beyond mechanical loading: The metabolic contribution of obesity in osteoarthritis unveils novel therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15700. [PMID: 37180899 PMCID: PMC10172930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent progressive disease that frequently coexists with obesity. For several decades, OA was thought to be the result of ageing and mechanical stress on cartilage. Researchers' perspective has been greatly transformed when cumulative findings emphasized the role of adipose tissue in the diseases. Nowadays, the metabolic effect of obesity on cartilage tissue has become an integral part of obesity research; hoping to discover a disease-modifying drug for OA. Recently, several adipokines have been reported to be associated with OA. Particularly, metrnl (meteorin-like) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) have been recognized as emerging adipokines that can mediate OA pathogenesis. Accordingly, in this review, we will summarize the latest findings concerned with the metabolic contribution of obesity in OA pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and adipokines. Additionally, we will discuss the most recent adipokines that have been reported to play a role in this context. Careful consideration of these molecular mechanisms interrelated with obesity and OA will undoubtedly unveil new avenues for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H. Sobieh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala O. El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Sinai, Egypt
| | - Dina H. Kassem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Associate Professor of Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, street of African Union Organization, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang Y, Xue S, Liu Q, Gao D, Hua R, Lei M. Proteomic profiles and the function of RBP4 in endometrium during embryo implantation phases in pigs. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:200. [PMID: 37055767 PMCID: PMC10099840 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial receptivity plays a vital role in the success of embryo implantation. However, the temporal proteomic profile of porcine endometrium during embryo implantation is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, the abundance of proteins in endometrium on days 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18 of pregnancy (D9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18) was profiled via iTRAQ technology. The results showed that 25, 55, 103, 91, 100, 120, 149 proteins were up-regulated, and 24, 70, 169, 159, 164, 161, 198 proteins were down-regulated in porcine endometrium on D10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18 compared with that on D9, respectively. Among these differentially abundance proteins (DAPs), Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) results indicated that S100A9, S100A12, HRG and IFI6 were differentially abundance in endometrial during embryo implantation period. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the proteins differentially expressed in the 7 comparisons were involved in important processes and pathways related to immunization, endometrial remodeling, which have a vital effect on embryonic implantation. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) could regulate the cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis of endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells to affect embryo implantation. This research also provides resources for studies of proteins in endometrium during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Songyi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Dengying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Renwu Hua
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Minggang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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Palalıoğlu RM, Erbiyik HI. Assessment of maternal serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in pregnancies with early- and late-onset preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:870-882. [PMID: 36604828 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate whether the SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in first trimester maternal serum was associated with the presence of preeclampsia (PE). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 women with early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE), 27 women with late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE), and 27 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Levels of serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS E-Selectin levels in patients with EO-PE were higher than those with LO-PE and control patients (pE-L = 0.025; pE-C = 0.000; p < 0.05). There was no significant intergroup difference in terms of P-selectin and RBP4 levels (p > 0.05). SERPINC1 levels were lower in the patients in the with EO-PE group than in those in the LO-PE and the control groups (pE-L = 0.000; pE-C = 0.000; p < 0.05). In the PE group, there was a negative, moderate (41.7%) correlation between E-selectin level and SERPINC1 (p = 0.002; p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cut-off values for E-selectin were 23.14 ng/ml > with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ROC curve showed that the best cut-off values for SERPINC1 were ≤87.76 ng/ml with 98.1% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity. DISCUSSION Of the endothelial damage parameters, E-selectin and SERPINC1 are especially associated with EO-PE. Furthermore, they can be used as potential early diagnosis markers in the prediction of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Merve Palalıoğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Erbiyik
- Operation Room Services, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Moral Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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Liu Y, Guo S, He X, Jiang Y, Hong Q, Lan R, Chu M. Effect of Upregulation of Transcription Factor TFDP1 Binding Promoter Activity Due to RBP4 g.36491960G>C Mutation on the Proliferation of Goat Granulosa Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142148. [PMID: 35883591 PMCID: PMC9321149 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a member of the lipocalin family, is a specific carrier of retinol (vitamin A) in the blood. Numerous studies have shown that RBP4 plays an important role in mammalian embryonic development and that mutations in RBP4 can be used for the marker-assisted selection of animal reproductive traits. However, there are few studies on the regulation of reproduction and high-prolificacy traits by RBP4 in goats. In this study, the 5′ flanking sequence of RBP4 was amplified, and a G>C polymorphism in the promoter region -211 bp (g.36491960) was detected. An association analysis revealed that the respective first, second and third kidding number and mean kidding number of nanny goats with CC and GC genotypes (2.167 ± 0.085, 2.341 ± 0.104, 2.529 ± 0.107 and 2.189 ± 0.070 for CC and 2.052 ± 0.047, 2.206 ± 0.057, 2.341 ± 0.056 and 2.160 ± 0.039 for GC) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those with the GG genotype (1.893 ± 0.051, 2.027 ± 0.064, 2.107 ± 0.061 and 1.74 ± 0.05). The luciferase assay showed that luciferase activity was increased in C allele individuals compared with that in G allele individuals. A competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that individuals with the CC genotype had a stronger promoter region binding capacity than those with the GG genotype. In addition, transcription factor prediction software showed that the RBP4 g.36491960G>C mutation added a novel binding site for transcription factor DP-1 (TFDP1). RT−qPCR results showed that the expression of TFDP1 was significantly higher in the high-prolificacy group than in the low-prolificacy group, and the expression of RBP4 was higher in both the CC and GC genotypes than that in the GG genotype. TFDP1 overexpression significantly increased the expression of RBP4 mRNA (p < 0.05) and the expression of the cell proliferation factors cyclin-D1, cyclin-D2 and CDK4 (p < 0.05). The opposite trend was observed after interference with TFDP1. Both the EdU and CCK-8 results showed that TFDP1 expression could regulate the proliferation of goat ovarian granulosa cells. In summary, our results showed that RBP4 g.36491960G>C was significantly associated with fecundity traits in goats. The g.36491960G>C mutation enhanced the transcriptional activity of RBP4 and increased the expression of RBP4, thus improving the fertility of Yunshang black goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (S.G.); (X.H.)
| | - Siwu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (S.G.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (S.G.); (X.H.)
| | - Yanting Jiang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.J.); (Q.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.J.); (Q.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Rong Lan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.J.); (Q.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (S.G.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62819850; Fax: +86-10-62895351
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Trophectoderm Transcriptome Analysis in LIN28 Knockdown Ovine Conceptuses Suggests Diverse Roles of the LIN28-let-7 Axis in Placental and Fetal Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071234. [PMID: 35406798 PMCID: PMC8997724 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper conceptus elongation in ruminants is critical for the successful placentation and establishment of pregnancy. We have previously shown that the trophectoderm-specific knockdown of LIN28A/B in day 9 ovine blastocysts resulted in increased let-7 miRNAs and reduced conceptus elongation at day 16 of gestation. In this current study, by transcriptome analysis of LIN28A knockdown (AKD) or LIN28B knockdown (BKD) trophectoderm (TE), we explored the downstream target genes of the LIN28-let-7 axis and their roles in the placental and fetal development. We identified 449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AKD TE and 1214 DEGs in BKD TE compared to non-targeting control (NTC). Our analysis further revealed that 210 downregulated genes in AKD TE and 562 downregulated genes in BKD TE were the potential targets of let-7 miRNAs. Moreover, 16 downregulated genes in AKD TE and 57 downregulated and 7 upregulated genes in BKD TE were transcription factors. The DEGs in AKD and BKD TE showed enrichment in the biological processes and pathways critical for placental development and function, and fetal development and growth. The results of this study suggest the potential roles of the LIN28-let-7 axis in placental and fetal development beyond its involvement in trophoblast proliferation and conceptus elongation.
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Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Vaghari-Tabari M, Oghbaei H, Lotz L, Zarezadeh R, Rastgar Rezaei Y, Ranjkesh M, Nouri M, Fattahi A, Nikanfar S, Dittrich R. Role of adipokines in embryo implantation. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R267-R278. [PMID: 34559064 PMCID: PMC8558901 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complex process in which multiple molecules acting together under strict regulation. Studies showed the production of various adipokines and their receptors in the embryo and uterus, where they can influence the maternal-fetal transmission of metabolites and embryo implantation. Therefore, these cytokines have opened a novel area of study in the field of embryo-maternal crosstalk during early pregnancy. In this respect, the involvement of adipokines has been widely reported in the regulation of both physiological and pathological aspects of the implantation process. However, the information about the role of some recently identified adipokines is limited. This review aims to highlight the role of various adipokines in embryo-maternal interactions, endometrial receptivity, and embryo implantation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Oghbaei
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laura Lotz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ranjkesh
- Medical Radiation Science Research Group (MRSRG), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Fattahi or S Nikanfar: or
| | - Saba Nikanfar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Fattahi or S Nikanfar: or
| | - Ralf Dittrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Lu P, Shen YM, Hua T, Pan T, Chen G, Dai T, Shi KQ. Overexpression of FGF2 delays the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:613. [PMID: 34663382 PMCID: PMC8522004 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to explore the role and underlying mechanism of FGF-2 in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS GSE21727 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by the limma/R package. MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to DEX at different concentrations (0, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L), and cell viability, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. An FGF-2-pcDNA3 plasmid (oe-FGF-2) was used to overexpress FGF-2, and western blotting was conducted to detect protein expression. RESULTS We found that FGF-2 was downregulated in the DEX-treated group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that DEGs were associated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. DEX downregulated FGF-2 gene and protein expression, inhibited viability and induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. Overexpression of FGF-2 reversed DEX-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. FGF-2-mediated anti-apoptosis was impaired by inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway with LY294002. Moreover, overexpression of FGF2 delayed the progression of DEX-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) animal model by regulation PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FGF-2 is effective at inhibiting DEX-induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City, 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Min Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City, 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City, 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City, 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City, 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teng Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City, 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke-Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi City, 214000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Francis EC, Li M, Hinkle SN, Chen J, Wu J, Zhu Y, Cao H, Tsai MY, Chen L, Zhang C. Maternal Proinflammatory Adipokines Throughout Pregnancy and Neonatal Size and Body Composition: A Prospective Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab113. [PMID: 34693193 PMCID: PMC8528696 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased maternal adiposity and inflammation have impacts on fetal growth. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the associations of 3 proinflammatory adipokines in pregnancy with neonatal anthropometry. METHODS In a sample of 321 US pregnant women from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort (NCT00912132), plasma IL-6, fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), and chemerin were measured in plasma samples collected at 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 weeks of gestation. Generalized linear models were used to estimate associations of adipokines with neonatal weight, thigh, and crown-heel length, and skinfolds at birth. Models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, nulliparity, prepregnancy BMI, and weeks of gestation at blood collection. RESULTS At each time point, higher IL-6 was associated with lower neonatal birthweight and thigh length. At 15-26 weeks of gestation, a 1 SD pg/mL increase in IL-6 was associated with -84.46 g lower neonatal birthweight (95% CI: -150.70, -18.22), -0.17 cm shorter thigh length (95% CI: -0.27, -0.07), -0.43 cm shorter crown-heel length (95% CI: -0.75, -0.10), and -0.75 mm smaller sum of skinfolds (95% CI: -1.19, -0.31), with similar associations at 23-31 and 33-39 weeks of gestation. There were no associations of FABP4 and chemerin with neonatal anthropometry. CONCLUSIONS Starting as early as 15 weeks of gestation, higher maternal IL-6 concentrations in pregnancy were associated with lower neonatal birthweight, thigh and crown-heel length, and skinfolds. These data provide insight into the relevance of maternal inflammatory markers with neonatal anthropometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Francis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mengying Li
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie N Hinkle
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Glotech Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haiming Cao
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Drzewiecka EM, Kozlowska W, Paukszto L, Zmijewska A, Wydorski PJ, Jastrzebski JP, Franczak A. Effect of the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation on Transcriptomic Profile of Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7322. [PMID: 34298942 PMCID: PMC8305477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electromagnetic field (EMF) affects the physiological processes in mammals, but the molecular background of the observed alterations remains not well established. In this study was tested the effect of short duration (2 h) of the EMF treatment (50 Hz, 8 mT) on global transcriptomic alterations in the myometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period using next-generation sequencing. As a result, the EMF treatment affected the expression of 215 transcript active regions (TARs), and among them, the assigned gene protein-coding biotype possessed 90 ones (differentially expressed genes, DEGs), categorized mostly to gene ontology terms connected with defense and immune responses, and secretion and export. Evaluated DEGs enrich the KEGG TNF signaling pathway, and regulation of IFNA signaling and interferon-alpha/beta signaling REACTOME pathways. There were evaluated 12 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DE-lnc-RNAs) and 182 predicted single nucleotide variants (SNVs) substitutions within RNA editing sites. In conclusion, the EMF treatment in the myometrium collected during the peri-implantation period affects the expression of genes involved in defense and immune responses. The study also gives new insight into the mechanisms of the EMF action in the regulation of the transcriptomic profile through lnc-RNAs and SNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Monika Drzewiecka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Wiktoria Kozlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Agata Zmijewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Pawel Jozef Wydorski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Jan Pawel Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Anita Franczak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.M.D.); (W.K.); (A.Z.); (P.J.W.)
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11
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Lee JC, Kim SH, Oh YS, Kim JH, Lee SR, Chae HD. Increased Expression of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Ovarian Endometrioma and Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115827. [PMID: 34072419 PMCID: PMC8199072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although endometriosis is a benign disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterus, ectopic endometrial cells can exhibit malignant biological behaviors. Retinol-binding protein4 (RBP4) is a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine, which has important roles in regulating insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. RBP4 is a potent modulator of gene transcription, and acts by directly controlling cell growth, invasiveness, proliferation and differentiation. Here, we evaluated the possible role of RBP4 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We compared the levels of RBP4 in the tissues and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with and without endometriosis and evaluated the in vitro effects of RBP4 on the viability, invasiveness, and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). RBP4 levels were significantly higher in the PF of the women in the endometriosis group than in the controls. RBP4 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the ovarian endometriomas of women with advanced stage endometriosis than those of controls. In vitro treatment with human recombinant-RBP4 significantly increased the viability, bromodeoxyuridine expression, and invasiveness of ESCs. Transfection with RBP4 siRNA significantly reduced ESC viability and invasiveness. These findings suggest that RBP4 partakes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by increasing the viability, proliferation and invasion of endometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3010-3647; Fax: +82-2-476-7331
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12
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Novel adipokine associated with OA: retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is produced by cartilage and is correlated with MMPs in osteoarthritis patients. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:415-421. [PMID: 32095874 PMCID: PMC7078149 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and a vitamin A carrier in the blood. More recently, RBP4 has been described as an adipokine that is involved in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS). As obesity, MetS and some adipokines contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), we investigated RBP4 in patients with OA. Materials and methods Cartilage, synovial fluid and blood samples were collected from 100 OA patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Primary chondrocytes and cartilage tissue were cultured to measure the RBP4 expression. The concentrations of RBP4, other adipokines (adipsin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin) and biomarkers of OA (COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3 and YKL-40) were measured by immunoassay, and gene expression was measured by next-generation RNA sequencing. Results The OA cartilage samples released RBP4 into the culture medium, and the levels correlated positively with the expression of the adipokines adipsin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin. RBP4 was the most prominently expressed of these adipokines in the OA chondrocytes, and the expression of the RBP4 receptors STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene homologue 6) and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) was also detected. Within the cartilage culture medium, RBP4 showed a positive correlation with MMP-1, MMP-3 and YKL-40. RBP4 was also present in the synovial fluid from the OA patients and correlated positively with the concentrations of RBP4 found in the plasma and the cartilage culture medium. Plasma RBP4 concentrations also showed a positive correlation with MMP-3 and adipsin. Conclusions We show here, for the first time, that RBP4 is produced within OA joints and that it is associated with increased levels of adipokines and MMPs. The results suggest a role for RBP4 in the pathogenesis of OA and as a possible target for the disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of OA.
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Li Q, Xu J. [miR-34a-5p regulates viability, invasion and apoptosis of placental trophoblastic cells via modulating CDK6 and PI3K/AKT pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:79-86. [PMID: 32376568 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of microRNA (miR)-34a-5p and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 6 in the regulation of cell viability, apoptosis and invasion of human placental trophoblastic cells and the relationship between miR-34a-5p and CDK6. METHODS We examined the expression of miR-34a-5p using RT-qPCR in cultured human trophoblast HTR-8/Svneo cells and human choriocarcinoma cell lines BeWo and JEG-3HTR-8/Svneo. HTR-8/Svneo cells transfected with a miR-34a-5p-mimic, the miR-34a-5p-inhibitor, or pcDNA-CDK6 along with the mimic group were analyzed for changes in cell proliferation using MTT assay; the apoptosis of the cells were assessed by detecting caspase 3 activity and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression, and the cell invasion was evaluated using Transwell assay. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of CDK6, cleaved caspase 3, and MMP-9 in the cells. The interaction between CDK6 and miR-34a-5p analyzed using a luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Transfection with the miR-34a-5p mimic significantly reduced the viability (P=0.000), suppressed the invasion (P=0.049), enhanced the cell apoptosis (P=0.018), down-regulated the expressions of MMP-9 (P=0.004) and CDK6 (P=0.014), and up-regulated caspase 3 activity (P=0.018) and cleaved caspase 3 expression (P=0.003) in cultured HTR-8/Svneo cells. CDK6 was confirmed as one of the target gene of miR-34a-5p. Transfection with pcDNA-CDK6 significantly reversed the effects of miR- 34a-5p overexpression on the cell viability (P=0.000), apoptosis (P=0.015), and invasion (P=0.046). Treatment of the cells with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway, also significantly attenuated the effects of miR-34a- 5p overexpression on the cell viability (P=0.011), apoptosis (P=0.004), and invasion (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS miR-34a-5p promotes apoptosis and inhibits the viability and invasion of human placental trophoblastic cells by down-regulating CDK6 and inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiangxi Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Juanxiu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
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Zhao Y, Li C, Zhou X. Transcriptomic Analysis of Porcine Granulosa Cells Overexpressing Retinol Binding Protein 4. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080615. [PMID: 31412686 PMCID: PMC6722559 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), mainly secreted by the liver and adipocytes, is a transporter of vitamin A. RBP4 has been shown to be involved in several pathophysiological processes, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk. Reports have indicated the high expression levels of RBP4 in cystic follicles. However, the role of RBP4 in mammalian follicular granulosa cells (GCs) remains largely unknown. To illustrate the molecular pathways associated with the effects of RBP4 on GCs, we used high-throughput sequencing to detect differential gene expression in GCs overexpressing RBP4. A total of 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in RBP4-overexpressing GCs, and they included 71 upregulated and 42 downregulated genes. The differential expressions of the top 10 DEGs were further confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs are mostly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, Parkinson’s disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Huntington’s disease, cardiac muscle contraction, Alzheimer’s disease, fatty acid biosynthesis, AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway. Genes in these pathways should be useful for future studies on GCs. Altogether, the results of our study establish a framework for understanding the potential functions of RBP4 in porcine GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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15
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Li JY, Ren KK, Zhang WJ, Xiao L, Wu HY, Liu QY, Ding T, Zhang XC, Nie WJ, Ke Y, Deng KY, Liu QW, Xin HB. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and their paracrine factors promote wound healing by inhibiting heat stress-induced skin cell apoptosis and enhancing their proliferation through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:247. [PMID: 31399039 PMCID: PMC6688220 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) yield a favorable therapeutic benefit for thermal burn skin wounds. Human amniotic MSCs (hAMSCs) derived from amniotic membrane have multilineage differentiation, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory potential which makes them suitable for treating skin wounds. However, the exact effects of hAMSCs on the healing of thermal burn skin wounds and their potential mechanisms are not explored. Methods hAMSCs were isolated from amniotic membrane and characterized by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and tumorigenicity test. We assessed the effects of hAMSCs and hAMSC conditional medium (CM) on wound healing in a deep second-degree burn injury model of mice. We then investigated the biological effects of hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM on the apoptosis and proliferation of heat stress-injured human keratinocytes HaCAT and dermal fibroblasts (DFL) both in vivo and in vitro. Next, we explored the underlying mechanisms by assessing PI3K/AKT and GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways in heat injured HaCAT and DFL cells after hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM treatments using PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and β-catenin inhibitor ICG001. Antibody array assay was used to identify the cytokines secreted by hAMSCs that may activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results Our results showed that hAMSCs expressed various markers of embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells and have low immunogenicity and no tumorigenicity. hAMSC and hAMSC-CM transplantation significantly promoted thermal burn wound healing by accelerating re-epithelialization with increased expression of CK19 and PCNA in vivo. hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM markedly inhibited heat stress-induced apoptosis in HaCAT and DFL cells in vitro through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and promoted their proliferation by activating GSK3β/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hAMSC-mediated activation of GSK3β/β-catenin signaling was dependent on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Antibody array assay showed that a panel of cytokines including PAI-1, C-GSF, periostin, and TIMP-1 delivered from hAMSCs may contribute to the improvement of the wound healing through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM efficiently cure heat stress-induced skin injury by inhibiting apoptosis of skin cells and promoting their proliferation through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1366-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Kang Ren
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xiao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-You Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yu Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ding
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jia Nie
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ke
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Wen Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
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