1
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Bai SJ, He JX, Zheng YJ, Geng Y, Gao YN, Zhang CX, Wang YR, Qin LY, Wang WJ, Yang LH. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma: a multicentre retrospective analysis. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05797-7. [PMID: 38761184 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) exhibit superior efficacy in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), but few studies have evaluated patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL, and even fewer studies have evaluated differences in efficacy between treatment with BTKi and traditional chemotherapy. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 86 patients with PCNSL and identified predictors of poor prognosis for overall survival (OS). After excluding patients who only received palliative care, 82 patients were evaluated for efficacy and survival. According to the induction regimen, patients were divided into the traditional chemotherapy, BTKi combination therapy, and radiotherapy groups; the objective response rates (ORR) of the three groups were 71.4%, 96.2%, and 71.4% (P = 0.037), respectively. Both median progression-free survival and median duration of remission showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.019 and P = 0.030, respectively). The median OS of the BTKi-containing therapy group was also longer than that of the traditional chemotherapy group (not reached versus 47.8 (32.5-63.1) months, P = 0.038).Seventy-one patients who achieved an ORR were further analyzed, and achieved an ORR after four cycles of treatment and maintenance therapy had prolonged OS (P = 0.003 and P = 0.043, respectively). In conclusion, survival, and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL are influenced by the treatment regimen, with the BTKi-containing regimen showing great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jun Bai
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.382 Wuyi Road, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Jian-Xia He
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Ye Geng
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Ya-Ru Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Li-Yuan Qin
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Lin-Hua Yang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.382 Wuyi Road, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China.
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2
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Wang K, Huang H, Zhan Q, Ding H, Li Y. Toll-like receptors in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e549. [PMID: 38685971 PMCID: PMC11057423 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory triggers and belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are central to the regulation of host protective adaptive immune responses. Activation of TLRs in innate immune myeloid cells directs lymphocytes to produce the most appropriate effector responses to eliminate infection and maintain homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Inappropriate TLR stimulation can lead to the development of general autoimmune diseases as well as chronic and acute inflammation, and even cancer. Therefore, TLRs are expected to be targets for therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and human cancers. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the molecular and structural biology of TLRs. The role of different TLR signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and even cancers (oral, gastric, breast, colorectal) is highlighted and summarizes new drugs and related clinical treatments in clinical trials, providing an overview of the potential and prospects of TLRs for the treatment of TLR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hanyao Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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3
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Summer M, Sajjad A, Ali S, Hussain T. Exploring the underlying correlation between microbiota, immune system, hormones, and inflammation with breast cancer and the role of probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:145. [PMID: 38461447 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
According to recent research, bacterial imbalance in the gut microbiota and breast tissue may be linked to breast cancer. It has been discovered that alterations in the makeup and function of different types of bacteria found in the breast and gut may contribute to growth and advancement of breast cancer in several ways. The main role of gut microbiota is to control the metabolism of steroid hormones, such as estrogen, which are important in raising the risk of breast cancer, especially in women going through menopause. On the other hand, because the microbiota can influence mucosal and systemic immune responses, they are linked to the mutual interactions between cancer cells and their local environment in the breast and the gut. In this regard, the current review thoroughly explains the mode of action of probiotics and microbiota to eradicate the malignancy. Furthermore, immunomodulation by microbiota and probiotics is described with pathways of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Summer
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sajjad
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Tauqeer Hussain
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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4
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Zheng H, Wu X, Guo L, Liu J. MyD88 signaling pathways: role in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336696. [PMID: 38347830 PMCID: PMC10859757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
MyD88 plays a central role in breast cancer, exerting a multitude of effects that carry substantial implications. Elevated MyD88 expression is closely associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, suggesting its potential as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic target. MyD88 exerts influence over several critical aspects of breast cancer, including metastasis, recurrence, drug resistance, and the regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Furthermore, MyD88 modulates the release of inflammatory and chemotactic factors, thereby shaping the tumor's immune microenvironment. Its role in immune response modulation underscores its potential in influencing the dynamic interplay between tumors and the immune system. MyD88 primarily exerts intricate effects on tumor progression through pathways such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Toll-like Receptor/Nuclear Factor Kappa B (TLR/NF-κB), and others. Nevertheless, in-depth research is essential to unveil the precise mechanisms underlying the diverse roles of MyD88 in breast cancer. The translation of these findings into clinical applications holds great promise for advancing precision medicine approaches for breast cancer patients, ultimately enhancing prognosis and enabling the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liantao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Tang X, Wang K, Yang J, Wang Y, Yan Z. A novel immunogenic cell death-related gene risk signature can identify biomarkers of gliomas and predict the immunotherapeutic response. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:324-343. [PMID: 38323285 PMCID: PMC10839322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cell death that plays a pivotal role in immunity. Recent studies have identified the critical role of ICD in glioma treatment. This study aimed to use ICD-associated differentially expressed genes (ICD-DEGs) to predict survival of glioma patients. We investigated the relationship between clinical prognosis and the date-to-clinical prognosis of 1,721 glioma patients by examining the expression, methylation, and mutation status of ICD-related genes (IRGs) in these patients. Our prediction of survival in glioma patients was based on three risk genes, and we explored the association between these genes and clinical outcomes. Additionally, IRG expression was used to stratify glioma patients. We further examined the relationship among the three subgroups in terms of immune microenvironment heterogeneity and immunotherapy response. In addition, this study also included analyses of histograms and sensitivity to antitumor drugs. The expression of these genes was externally validated by RT-qPCR, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in glioma and normal brain tissue. Our findings reveal that most IRGs are overexpressed in glioma tumor tissues, and this high expression was confirmed through histological validation. We successfully developed predictive models for three prognostic genes associated with ICD. These models not only predict survival in glioma but also correlate with the tumor's immune microenvironment. Finally, using consensus clustering, we identified three ICD-associated subtypes. Notably, patients with the C3 subtype showed high levels of immune cell infiltration, whereas those with the C1 subtype exhibited lower levels of immune cell infiltration. We successfully developed an innovative IRG-based systematic approach for evaluating glioma patients. This stratification in experimental studies opens new avenues for prognosis and assessing immunotherapy responses in glioma patients. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in treating glioma, potentially paving the way for more promising and effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Tang
- Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s HospitalShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinchao Yang
- Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s HospitalShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s HospitalShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiteng Yan
- Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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6
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Mukherjee S, Patra R, Behzadi P, Masotti A, Paolini A, Sarshar M. Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244345. [PMID: 37822929 PMCID: PMC10562563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or dying cells. The wide distribution of different cell types, ranging from epithelial to immune cells, highlights the crucial roles of TLRs in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation, TLRs binding mediates the expression of several adapter proteins and downstream kinases, that lead to the induction of several other signaling molecules such as key pro-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, extraordinary progress in immunobiological research has suggested that TLRs could represent promising targets for the therapeutic intervention of inflammation-associated diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections as well as human cancers. So far, for the prevention and possible treatment of inflammatory diseases, various TLR antagonists/inhibitors have shown to be efficacious at several stages from pre-clinical evaluation to clinical trials. Therefore, the fascinating role of TLRs in modulating the human immune responses at innate as well as adaptive levels directed the scientists to opt for these immune sensor proteins as suitable targets for developing chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics against cancer. Hitherto, several TLR-targeting small molecules (e.g., Pam3CSK4, Poly (I:C), Poly (A:U)), chemical compounds, phytocompounds (e.g., Curcumin), peptides, and antibodies have been found to confer protection against several types of cancers. However, administration of inappropriate doses of such TLR-modulating therapeutics or a wrong infusion administration is reported to induce detrimental outcomes. This review summarizes the current findings on the molecular and structural biology of TLRs and gives an overview of the potency and promises of TLR-directed therapeutic strategies against cancers by discussing the findings from established and pipeline discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwik Patra
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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7
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Giacomini A, Turati M, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ghedini GC, Schuind AC, Foglio E, Maccarinelli F, Faletti J, Filiberti S, Chambery A, Valletta M, Melocchi L, Gofflot S, Chiavarina B, Turtoi A, Presta M, Ronca R. The PTX3/TLR4 autocrine loop as a novel therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:82. [PMID: 37749607 PMCID: PMC10519006 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pattern recognition receptor long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) plays conflicting roles in cancer by acting as an oncosuppressor or as a pro-tumor mediator depending on tumor context. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive histotype of breast cancer, characterized by the lack of efficacious therapeutic targets/approaches and poor prognosis. Thus, the characterization of new molecular pathways and/or alternative druggable targets is of great interest in TNBC. METHODS The expression of PTX3 in BC tumor samples and in BC cell lines has been analyzed using the Gene Expression-Based Outcome for Breast Cancer Online (GOBO), qPCR, Western blot and ELISA assay. The contribution of tumor and stromal cells to PTX3 production in TNBC was assessed by analyzing single cell RNA sequencing data and RNAscope performed on TNBC tumor samples. In order to investigate the effects of PTX3 in TNBC, different cell lines were engineered to knock-down (MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells) or overexpress (MDA-MB-468 and E0771 cells) PTX3. Finally, using these engineered cells, in vitro (including gene expression profiling and gene set enrichment analyses) and in vivo (orthotopic tumor models in immune-compromised and immune competent mice) analyses were performed to assess the role and the molecular mechanism(s) exerted by PTX3 in TNBC. RESULTS In silico and experimental data indicate that PTX3 is mainly produced by tumor cells in TNBC and that its expression levels correlate with tumor stage. Accordingly, gene expression and in vitro results demonstrate that PTX3 overexpression confers a high aggressive/proliferative phenotype and fosters stem-like features in TNBC cells. Also, PTX3 expression induces a more tumorigenic potential when TNBC cells are grafted orthotopically in vivo. Conversely, PTX3 downregulation results in a less aggressive behavior of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, our data reveal that PTX3 drives the activation of the pro-tumorigenic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in TNBC, demonstrating for the first time that the PTX3/TLR4 autocrine stimulation loop contributes to TNBC aggressiveness and that TLR4 inhibition significantly impacts the growth of PTX3-producing TNBC cells. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data shed light on the role of tumor-produced PTX3 in TNBC and uncover the importance of the PTX3/TLR4 axis for therapeutic and prognostic exploitation in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marta Turati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Cristina Ghedini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ander Churruca Schuind
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Faletti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Filiberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Mariangela Valletta
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Laura Melocchi
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital Institute, Brescia, 25121, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Chiavarina
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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8
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Zhang J, Du J, Jin Z, Qian J, Xu J. A novel immunogenic cell death signature for the prediction of prognosis and therapies in glioma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15615. [PMID: 37456890 PMCID: PMC10348309 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a primary cranial malignancy with high recurrence rate, poor prognosis and high mortality. However, the roles of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in glioma remain unclear. Twenty ICD genes were analyzed to be differentially expressed between glioma tissues and non-tumor tissues in 371 glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients were classified into three subgroups via unsupervised clustering. Interestingly, the features of cell-infiltrating from three clusters were matched with three immune phenotypes. An applied scoring system was built depending on the expression of hub ICD-related genes. Notably, the ICD-related score was linked with immune checkpoints and the prognosis of glioma patients. In addition, the applied risk model could be used for the prediction of the effect of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for glioma patients. Furthermore, MYD88 was identified to play key roles in the risk model for glioma patients. MYD88 was specifically expressed in malignant cells and validated to correlate with cell proliferation and invasion. Ligand-receptor pairs are determined as novel communications indicating between immunocytes and malignant cells. Therefore, our research established an ICD-related score to investigate the potential effect to chemotherapy and immunotherapy for glioma patients and indicated that MYD88 was a key role in this risk model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou, China
| | - Jin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou, China
| | - Zhihai Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Handan First Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou, China
| | - Jinfa Xu
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou, China
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Von Roemeling CA, Doonan BP, Klippel K, Schultz D, Hoang-Minh L, Trivedi V, Li C, Russell RA, Kanumuri RS, Sharma A, Tun HW, Mitchell DA. Oral IRAK-4 Inhibitor CA-4948 Is Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrant and Has Single-Agent Activity against CNS Lymphoma and Melanoma Brain Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1751-1762. [PMID: 36749885 PMCID: PMC10150246 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An ongoing challenge in cancer is the management of primary and metastatic brain malignancies. This is partly due to restrictions of the blood-brain barrier and their unique microenvironment. These challenges are most evident in cancers such as lymphoma and melanoma, which are typically responsive to treatment in systemic locations but resistant when established in the brain. We propose interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) as a potential target across these diseases and describe the activity and mechanism of oral IRAK-4 inhibitor CA-4948. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and melanoma brain metastases (MBM) samples were analyzed for expression of IRAK-4 and downstream transcription pathways. We next determined the central nervous system (CNS) applicability of CA-4948 in naïve and tumor-bearing mice using models of PCNSL and MBM. The mechanistic effect on tumors and the tumor microenvironment was then analyzed. RESULTS Human PCNSL and MBM have high expression of IRAK-4, IRAK-1, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). This increase in inflammation results in reflexive inhibitory signaling. Similar profiles are observed in immunocompetent murine models. Treatment of tumor-bearing animals with CA-4948 results in the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in addition to decreased NF-κB. These intracellular changes are associated with a survival advantage. CONCLUSIONS IRAK-4 is an attractive target in PCNSL and MBM. The inhibition of IRAK-4 with CA-4948 downregulates the expression of important transcription factors involved in tumor growth and proliferation. CA-4948 is currently being investigated in clinical trials for relapsed and refractory lymphoma and warrants further translation into PCNSL and MBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A. Von Roemeling
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bently P. Doonan
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelena Klippel
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lan Hoang-Minh
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vrunda Trivedi
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rylynn A. Russell
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Raju S. Kanumuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Han W. Tun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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10
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Mahish C, De S, Chatterjee S, Ghosh S, Keshry SS, Mukherjee T, Khamaru S, Tung KS, Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. TLR4 is one of the receptors for Chikungunya virus envelope protein E2 and regulates virus induced pro-inflammatory responses in host macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139808. [PMID: 37153546 PMCID: PMC10157217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptor, is known to exert inflammation in various cases of microbial infection, cancer and autoimmune disorders. However, any such involvement of TLR4 in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is yet to be explored. Accordingly, the role of TLR4 was investigated towards CHIKV infection and modulation of host immune responses in the current study using mice macrophage cell line RAW264.7, primary macrophage cells of different origins and in vivo mice model. The findings suggest that TLR4 inhibition using TAK-242 (a specific pharmacological inhibitor) reduces viral copy number as well as reduces the CHIKV-E2 protein level significantly using p38 and JNK-MAPK pathways. Moreover, this led to reduced expression of macrophage activation markers like CD14, CD86, MHC-II and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, MCP-1) significantly in both the mouse primary macrophages and RAW264.7 cell line, in vitro. Additionally, TAK-242-directed TLR4 inhibition demonstrated a significant reduction of percent E2-positive cells, viral titre and TNF expression in hPBMC-derived macrophages, in vitro. These observations were further validated in TLR4-knockout (KO) RAW cells. Furthermore, the interaction between CHIKV-E2 and TLR4 was demonstrated by immuno-precipitation studies, in vitro and supported by molecular docking analysis, in silico. TLR4-dependent viral entry was further validated by an anti-TLR4 antibody-mediated blocking experiment. It was noticed that TLR4 is necessary for the early events of viral infection, especially during the attachment and entry stages. Interestingly, it was also observed that TLR4 is not involved in the post-entry stages of CHIKV infection in host macrophages. The administration of TAK-242 decreased CHIKV infection significantly by reducing disease manifestations, improving survivability (around 75%) and reducing inflammation in mice model. Collectively, for the first time, this study reports TLR4 as one of the novel receptors to facilitate the attachment and entry of CHIKV in host macrophages, the TLR4-CHIKV-E2 interactions are essential for efficient viral entry and modulation of infection-induced pro-inflammatory responses in host macrophages, which might have translational implication for designing future therapeutics to regulate the CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Mahish
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saikat De
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sanchari Chatterjee
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Supriya Suman Keshry
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tathagata Mukherjee
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Somlata Khamaru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kshyama Subhadarsini Tung
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- *Correspondence: Subhasis Chattopadhyay, ; Soma Chattopadhyay,
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Subhasis Chattopadhyay, ; Soma Chattopadhyay,
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11
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Sun H, Li Y, Zhang P, Xing H, Zhao S, Song Y, Wan D, Yu J. Targeting toll-like receptor 7/8 for immunotherapy: recent advances and prospectives. Biomark Res 2022; 10:89. [PMID: 36476317 PMCID: PMC9727882 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of proteins that are expressed in immune cells and various tumor cells. TLR7/8 are located in the intracellular endosomes, participate in tumor immune surveillance and play different roles in tumor growth. Activation of TLRs 7 and 8 triggers induction of a Th1 type innate immune response in the highly sophisticated process of innate immunity signaling with the recent research advances involving the small molecule activation of TLR 7 and 8. The wide range of expression and clinical significance of TLR7/TLR8 in different kinds of cancers have been extensively explored. TLR7/TLR8 can be used as novel diagnostic biomarkers, progression and prognostic indicators, and immunotherapeutic targets for various tumors. Although the mechanism of action of TLR7/8 in cancer immunotherapy is still incomplete, TLRs on T cells are involved in the regulation of T cell function and serve as co-stimulatory molecules and activate T cell immunity. TLR agonists can activate T cell-mediated antitumor responses with both innate and adaptive immune responses to improve tumor therapy. Recently, novel drugs of TLR7 or TLR8 agonists with different scaffolds have been developed. These agonists lead to the induction of certain cytokines and chemokines that can be applied to the treatment of some diseases and can be used as good adjutants for vaccines. Furthermore, TLR7/8 agonists as potential therapeutics for tumor-targeted immunotherapy have been developed. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of immunotherapy strategies targeting TLR7/8 in patients with various cancers and chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yingmei Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Peng Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Song Zhao
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yongping Song
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Dingming Wan
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
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12
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Devoy C, Flores Bueso Y, Tangney M. Understanding and harnessing triple-negative breast cancer-related microbiota in oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020121. [PMID: 36505861 PMCID: PMC9730816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial inhabitants of the body have the potential to play a role in various stages of cancer initiation, progression, and treatment. These bacteria may be distal to the primary tumour, such as gut microbiota, or local to the tissue, before or after tumour growth. Breast cancer is well studied in this context. Amongst breast cancer types, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive, has fewer treatment options than receptor-positive breast cancers, has an overall worse prognosis and higher rates of reoccurrence. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the bacterial influence on TNBC progression and treatment is of high value. In this regard, the Gut Microbiota (GM) can be involved in various stages of tumour progression. It may suppress or promote carcinogenesis through the release of carcinogenic metabolites, sustenance of proinflammatory environments and/or the promotion of epigenetic changes in our genome. It can also mediate metastasis and reoccurrence through interactions with the immune system and has been recently shown to influence chemo-, radio-, and immune-therapies. Furthermore, bacteria have also been found to reside in normal and malignant breast tissue. Several studies have now described the breast and breast tumour microbiome, with the tumour microbiota of TNBC having the least taxonomic diversity among all breast cancer types. Here, specific conditions of the tumour microenvironment (TME) - low O2, leaky vasculature and immune suppression - are supportive of tumour selective bacterial growth. This innate bacterial ability could enable their use as delivery agents for various therapeutics or as diagnostics. This review aims to examine the current knowledge on bacterial relevance to TNBC and potential uses while examining some of the remaining unanswered questions regarding mechanisms underpinning observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Devoy
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yensi Flores Bueso
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,SynBio Center, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Mark Tangney,
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13
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Shen J, Liu J. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A mini-review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1034668. [PMID: 36465385 PMCID: PMC9713408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1034668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis if no treatment. The activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) is the oncogenic hallmark of PCNSL, and it was driven by B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. The emergence of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) has brought the dawn of life to patients with PCNSL. This review summarizes the management of PCNSL with BTKis and potential molecular mechanisms of BTKi in the treatment of PCNSL. And the review will focus on the clinical applications of BTKi in the treatment of PCNSL including the efficacy and adverse events, the clinical trials currently being carried out, the underlying mechanisms of resistance to BTKi and possible solutions to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Department of Hematology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Hematology, Northern Theater General Hospital, Shenyang, China
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14
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Pan S, Guan Y, Ma Y, Cui Q, Tang Z, Li J, Zu C, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Jiang J, Liu Z. Advanced glycation end products correlate with breast cancer metastasis by activating RAGE/TLR4 signaling. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/2/e002697. [PMID: 35346972 PMCID: PMC8961114 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in promoting invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with 131 breast cancer were enrolled in a cohort and followed up to investigate the association between AGEs and metastasis. Serum AGE concentrations were detected by ELISA. Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to generated AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA). CCK-8 assay was used to select the non-cytotoxic concentrations of AGE-BSA. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the gene expressions. RESULTS In the cohort study, metastasis incidence was significantly correlated with serum AGE concentrations in patients with breast cancer (adjusted OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.20 to 2.57, p=0.004). During follow-up, metastasis interval was significantly shorter in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects. In the in vitro study, AGE-BSA incubation significantly promoted migration and invasion of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. AGE-BSA dramatically increased expressions of receptor for AGEs (RAGE), TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), promoted nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) p65, but decreased the expression of inhibitor of NFκB (IκBα). TLR4 silencing significantly suppressed migration and invasion of cancer cells exposed to AGE-BSA. TLR4 silencing reduced the expression of MyD88 and MMP9, as well as nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 but increased IκBα expression in AGE-BSA-incubated breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS AGEs are correlated with metastasis of breast cancer. AGEs' promoting effects on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via activating RAGE/TLR4/MyD88 signaling were suggested as the involved mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yitong Guan
- Medical School, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianwei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiguo Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Zu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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15
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Zou X, Guo B, Ling Q, Mo Z. Toll-Like Receptors Serve as Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis and Prognosis Assessment of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma by Influencing the Immune Microenvironment: Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Combined With Experimental Validation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:832238. [PMID: 35127830 PMCID: PMC8814606 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.832238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important initiators of innate and acquired immune responses. However, its role in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear. Methods: TLRs and their relationships with KIRC were studied in detail by ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, FunRich, LinkedOmics, TIMER and TRRUST. Moreover, we used clinical samples to verify the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in early stage of KIRC by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), flow cytometry (FC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The expression levels of TLRs in KIRC were generally different compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 elevated significantly in the early stage of KIRC. Overexpressions of TLR1, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR8 in KIRC patients were associated with longer overall survival (OS), while inhibition of TLR9 expression was related to longer OS. Additionally, overexpressions of TLR1, TLR3 and TLR4 in KIRC patients were associated with longer disease free survival (DFS). There were general genetic alterations and obvious co-expression correlation of TLRs in KIRC. The PPI network between TLRs was rather complex, and the key gene connecting the TLRs interaction was MYD88. The GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that TLRs were closely related to adaptive immunity, innate immunity and other immune-related processes. RELA, NFKB1, IRF8, IRF3 and HIF1A were key transcription factors regulating the expressions of TLRs. What’s more, the expression levels of all TLRs in KIRC were positively correlated with the infiltration levels of dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Finally, the results of RT-qPCR, FC and IHC confirmed that TLR3 and TLR4 were significantly elevated in the early stage of KIRC. Conclusion: The occurrence and development of KIRC are closely related to TLRs, and TLRs have the potential to be early diagnostic biomarkers of KIRC and biomarkers for judging the prognosis and immune status of KIRC. This study may provide new insights into the selection of KIRC immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Bingqian Guo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Ling
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zengnan Mo,
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Tsai CS, Hu MH, Hsu YC, Huang GS. Platelet Toll-like Receptor 4–Related Innate Immunity Potentially Participates in Transfusion Reactions Independent of ABO Compatibility: An Ex Vivo Study. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010029. [PMID: 35052709 PMCID: PMC8772939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of platelet TLR4 in transfusion reactions remains unclear. This study analyzed platelet TLR4 and certain damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and evaluated how ABO compatibility affected TLR4 expression after a simulated ex vivo transfusion. A blood bank was the source of donor red blood cells. Blood from patients undergoing cardiac surgery was processed to generate a washed platelet suspension to which the donor blood was added in concentrations 1, 5, and 10% (v/v). Blood-mixing experiments were performed on four groups: a 0.9% saline control group (n = 31); a matched-blood-type mixing group (group M, n = 20); an uncross-matched ABO-specific mixing group (group S, n = 20); and an ABO-incompatible blood mixing group (group I, n = 20). TLR4 expression in the platelets was determined after blood mixing. We evaluated levels of TLR4-binding DAMPs (HMGB1, S100A8, S100A9, and SAA), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and endpoint proteins in the TLR4 signaling pathway. In the M, S, and I groups, 1, 5, and 10% blood mixtures significantly increased TLR4 expression (all p < 0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner. Groups M, S, and I were not discovered to have significantly differing TLR4 expression (p = 0.148). HMGB1, S100A8, and S100A9 levels were elevated in response to blood mixing, but SAA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were not. Blood mixing may elicit innate immune responses by upregulating platelet TLR4 and DAMPs unassociated with ABO compatibility, suggesting that innate immunity through TLR4-mediated signaling may induce transfusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Sung Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mei-Hua Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric General Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Hsu
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Go-Shine Huang
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(2)-8792-7128; Fax: +886-(2)-8792-7127
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Klimentova EA, Suchkov IA, Egorov AA, Kalinin RE. Apoptosis and Cell Proliferation Markers in Inflammatory-Fibroproliferative Diseases of the Vessel Wall (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:119-126. [PMID: 34795999 PMCID: PMC8596273 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the main feature of inflammatory-fibroproliferative disorders of the vessel wall. Studies in animal models have shown that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cultured from endarterectomy specimens from the affected area proliferate more slowly and display higher apoptotic indices than SMCs derived from the normal vessel wall. Apoptotic cells were found in the destabilized atherosclerotic plaques, as well as in the samples with restenosis of the reconstruction area. Injury to the vessel wall causes two waves of apoptosis. The first wave is the rapid apoptosis in the media that occurs within a few hours after injury and leads to a marked reduction in the number of vascular wall cells. The second wave of apoptosis occurs much later (from several days to weeks) and is limited by the SMCs within the developing neointima. Up to 14% of the neointimal SMCs undergo apoptosis 20 days after balloon angioplasty. Ligation of the external carotid artery in a rabbit model led to a marked decrease in blood flow in the common carotid artery, which correlated with the increased apoptosis of endothelial cells and SMCs. Angioplasty-induced death of SMCs is regulated by a redox-sensitive signaling pathway, and topical administration of antioxidants can minimize vascular cell loss. On the whole, studies show that apoptosis is prevalent in vascular lesions, controlling the viability of both inflammatory and vascular cells, determining the cellular composition of the vessel wall. The main markers of apoptosis (Fas, Fas ligand, p53, Bcl-2, Bax) and cell proliferation (toll receptor) have been considered in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Klimentova
- Department of Cardiovascular, X-ray Endovascular, Operative Surgery, and Topographic Anatomy; Ryazan State Medical University, 9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan, 390026, Russia
| | - I A Suchkov
- Professor, Department of Cardiovascular, X-ray Endovascular, Operative Surgery, and Topographic Anatomy; Ryazan State Medical University, 9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan, 390026, Russia
| | - A A Egorov
- Doctoral Student, Department of Cardiovascular, X-ray Endovascular, Operative Surgery, and Topographic Anatomy; Ryazan State Medical University, 9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan, 390026, Russia
| | - R E Kalinin
- Professor, Head of the Department of Cardiovascular, X-ray Endovascular, Operative Surgery, and Topographic Anatomy Ryazan State Medical University, 9 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan, 390026, Russia
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Farooq M, Batool M, Kim MS, Choi S. Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:756315. [PMID: 34671606 PMCID: PMC8522911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.756315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role in the regulation of innate immunity, and several studies have shown their importance in bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The consensus view from an immunological perspective is that TLR agonists can serve either as a possible therapeutic agent or as a vaccine adjuvant toward cancers or infectious diseases and that TLR inhibitors may be a promising approach to the treatment of autoimmune diseases, some cancers, bacterial, and viral infections. These notions are based on the fact that TLR agonists stimulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and in general, the development of proinflammatory responses. Some of the TLR-based inhibitory agents have shown to be efficacious in preclinical models and have now entered clinical trials. Therefore, TLRs seem to hold the potential to serve as a perfect target in the era of immunotherapies. We offer a perspective on TLR-based therapeutics that sheds light on their usefulness and on combination therapies. We also highlight various therapeutics that are in the discovery phase or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Farooq
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Maria Batool
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- S&K Therapeutics, Suwon, South Korea
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Kim R, Kin T. Current and Future Therapies for Immunogenic Cell Death and Related Molecules to Potentially Cure Primary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194756. [PMID: 34638242 PMCID: PMC8507525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary How a cure for primary breast cancer after (neo)adjuvant therapy can be achieved at the molecular level remains unclear. Immune activation by anticancer drugs may contribute to the eradication of residual tumor cells by postoperative (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation by memory effector T cells, leading to the curing of primary breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted therapy against damage-associated molecular patterns. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines. Abstract How primary breast cancer can be cured after (neo)adjuvant therapy remains unclear at the molecular level. Immune activation by anticancer agents may contribute to residual tumor cell eradication with postsurgical (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation with memory effector T cells, leading to a primary breast cancer cure. Anthracycline and taxane treatments cause ICD and immunogenic modulations, resulting in the activation of antitumor immunity through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate, calreticulin, high mobility group box 1, heat shock proteins 70/90, and annexin A1. This response may eradicate residual tumor cells after surgical treatment. Although DAMP release is also implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, thereby representing a double-edged sword, robust immune activation by anticancer agents and the subsequent acquisition of long-term antitumor immune memory can be essential components of the primary breast cancer cure. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted anti-DAMP therapy. Our aim was to improve the understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33, Moto-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-8518, Japan;
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Saponaro C, Scarpi E, Sonnessa M, Cioffi A, Buccino F, Giotta F, Pastena MI, Zito FA, Mangia A. Prognostic Value of NLRP3 Inflammasome and TLR4 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705331. [PMID: 34540671 PMCID: PMC8443770 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome complexes play a pivotal role in different cancer types. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the most well-studied inflammasomes. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces abnormal secretion of soluble cytokines, generating advantageous inflammatory surroundings that support tumor growth. The expression levels of the NLRP3, PYCARD and TLR4 were determined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of primary invasive breast carcinomas (BCs). We observed different NLRP3 and PYCARD expressions in non-tumor vs tumor areas (p<0.0001). All the proteins were associated to more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics (tumor size, grade, tumor proliferative activity etc.). Univariate analyses were carried out and related Kaplan-Meier curves plotted for NLRP3, PYCARD and TLR4 expression. Patients with higher NLRP3 and TLR4 expression had worse 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) compared to patients with lower NLRP3 and TLR4 expression (p =0.021 and p = 0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, TLR4 was confirmed as independent prognostic factors for DFS (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.16–3.57, p = 0.014), and high NLRP3 expression showed a slight association with DFS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.98–3.15, p = 0.06). In conclusion, we showed TLR4 expression as independent prognostic factors and we highlighted for the first time that high expression of NLRP3 is linked to a poor prognosis in BC patients. These results suggest that NLRP3 and TLR4 could be two new good prognostic factor for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Saponaro
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Cioffi
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Buccino
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Irene Pastena
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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Efrimescu CI, Buggy PM, Buggy DJ. Neutrophil Extracellular Trapping Role in Cancer, Metastases, and Cancer-Related Thrombosis: a Narrative Review of the Current Evidence Base. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:118. [PMID: 34342735 PMCID: PMC8330188 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a newly discovered, reactive oxygen species-dependent regulated process, whereby neutrophils degranulate and extrude genetic material, after engulfing various infectious or neoplastic antigens, culminating in a measurable serologic footprint. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of NETs in cancer and cancer-related pathologies. We review the role of NET formation in cancer biology, prognosis and potential therapeutic modulators. Recent Findings Elevated NET levels are associated with cancer metastasis and may be modified by some anaesthetic-analgesic techniques during tumour resection surgery. It promotes tumour cell migration, angiogenesis and hypercoagulability. Although there are potential anti-NET formation therapeutics available, their role has not been formally assessed in cancer patients. Summary Limited available evidence suggests an association between elevated NET expression and cancer metastasis, but its validity as a prognostic indicator for cancer-related outcomes is inconclusive. Further observational and interventional studies are warranted to comprehend the potential prognostic and therapeutic role of NETs in cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11912-021-01103-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin I Efrimescu
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Eccles St, Dublin, 7 D07 R2WY, Ireland.
| | | | - Donal J Buggy
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Eccles St, Dublin, 7 D07 R2WY, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Notas G, Panagiotopoulos A, Vamvoukaki R, Kalyvianaki K, Kiagiadaki F, Deli A, Kampa M, Castanas E. ERα36-GPER1 Collaboration Inhibits TLR4/NFκB-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147603. [PMID: 34299224 PMCID: PMC8303269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is important for the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We have previously reported that in monocytes, estrogen regulates TLR4/NFκB-mediated inflammation via the interaction of the Erα isoform ERα36 with GPER1. We therefore investigated whether a similar mechanism is present in breast cancer epithelial cells, and the effect of ERα36 expression on the classic 66 kD ERα isoform (ERα66) functions. We report that estrogen inhibits LPS-induced NFκB activity and the expression of downstream molecules TNFα and IL-6. In the absence of ERα66, ERα36 and GPER1 are both indispensable for this effect. In the presence of ERα66, ERα36 or GPER1 knock-down partially inhibits NFκB-mediated inflammation. In both cases, ERα36 overexpression enhances the inhibitory effect of estrogen on inflammation. We also verify that ERα36 and GPER1 physically interact, especially after LPS treatment, and that GPER1 interacts directly with NFκB. When both ERα66 and ERα36 are expressed, the latter acts as an inhibitor of ERα66 via its binding to estrogen response elements. We also report that the activation of ERα36 leads to the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. Our data support that ERα36 is an inhibitory estrogen receptor that, in collaboration with GPER1, inhibits NFκB-mediated inflammation and ERα66 actions in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Notas
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-3945-56; Fax: +30-2810-3945-81
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Lee HT, Lee IH, Kim JH, Lee S, Kwak S, Suh MY, Hwang IY, Kang BG, Cha SS, Lee BI, Lee SE, Choi J, Roe JS, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Phosphorylation of OGFOD1 by Cell Cycle-Dependent Kinase 7/9 Enhances the Transcriptional Activity of RNA Polymerase II in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143418. [PMID: 34298635 PMCID: PMC8304009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among the causes of accelerating cancer properties, dysregulated transcription is considerably prominent in many cancers. However, it is difficult to target transcriptional machineries due to their fundamental importance. Compared to breast cancer cell lines, we found that OGFOD1 aggravates cancers by enhancing RNA polymerase II transcriptional activity and it is improved by cell cycle-dependent kinases. Overall, we uncovered the novel mechanism for how OGFOD1 maliciously functions in breast cancers, suggesting it as a rational cancer treatment target protein. Abstract 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1 (OGFOD1) expression is upregulated in a variety of cancers and has been related to poor prognosis. However, despite this significance to cancer progression, the precise oncogenic mechanism of OGFOD1 is not understood. We demonstrated that OGFOD1 plays a role in enhancing the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase II in breast cancer cells. OGFOD1 directly binds to the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II to alter phosphorylation status. The elimination of OGFOD1 resulted in decreased tumor development. Additionally, cell cycle-dependent kinase 7 and cell cycle-dependent kinase 9, critical enzymes for activating RNA polymerase II, phosphorylated serine 256 of OGFOD1, whereas a non-phosphorylated mutant OGFOD1 failed to enhance transcriptional activation and tumor growth. Consequently, OGFOD1 helps promote tumor growth by enhancing RNA polymerase II, whereas simultaneous phosphorylation of OGFOD1 by CDK enzymes is essential in stimulating RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription both in vitro and in vivo, and expression of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Teo Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Sangho Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Min-Young Suh
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - In-Young Hwang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Bu-Gyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (B.-G.K.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (B.-G.K.); (S.-S.C.)
| | - Byung-Il Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Korea;
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Cardiology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Jinmi Choi
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-T.L.); (I.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (M.-Y.S.); (I.-Y.H.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8250; Fax: +82-2-3668-7622
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Zhang Q, Yuan J, Liu Y, Liu X, Lv T, Zhou K, Song Y. KIAA0101 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:487. [PMID: 33850884 PMCID: PMC8039647 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with intense cytogenetic aberrations. Importantly, our recent report indicated that thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is a potential new therapeutic target in CLL. In this study, we predicted 20 TRIP13-related genes and found that KIAA0101 is a novel gene that regulates cell proliferation and the cell cycle of CLL cells. Methods CD19+ B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of 26 CLL patients and 6 healthy donors through magnetic cell sorting. Cell proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. The mRNA and protein levels of genes were examined through RT-qPCR and western blot assays, respectively. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were measured through Annexin V-based flow cytometry and the caspase 3/7 activity assay. Potential targets of KIAA0101 were identified through microarray analysis. 20 TRIP13 related genes was predicted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). KIAA0101-regulated functions and molecular pathways were predicted through IPA. Results KIAA0101 knockdown had the strongest inhibitory effect on CLL cell proliferation among the 20 TRIP13-related genes. KIAA0101 was highly expressed in CD19+ B cells of CLL patients. KIAA0101 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, and inhibited FOXO1, MYD88, and TLR4 expression in CLL cells. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrated that KIAA0101 plays a critical role in cell proliferation and the cell cycle of human CLL cells. KIAA0101 knockdown induced cell apoptosis, and reduced FOXO1, MYD88, and TLR4 expression, and may therefore be used as a therapeutic target of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Lv
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keshu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Aberrant Expression of TLR2, TLR7, TLR9, Splicing Variants of TLR4 and MYD88 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040867. [PMID: 33669782 PMCID: PMC7922273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional toll-like receptors (TLRs) could modulate anti-tumor effects by activating inflammatory cytokines and the cytotoxic T-cells response. However, excessive TLR expression could promote tumor progression, since TLR-induced inflammation might stimulate cancer cells expansion into the microenvironment. Myd88 is involved in activation NF-κB through TLRs downstream signaling, hence in the current study we provided, for the first time, a complex characterization of expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, and MYD88 as well as their splicing forms in two distinct compartments of the microenvironment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): peripheral blood and bone marrow. We found correlations between MYD88 and TLRs expressions in both compartments, indicating their relevant cooperation in CLL. The MYD88 expression was higher in CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers (HVs) (0.1780 vs. 0.128, p < 0.0001). The TLRs expression was aberrant in CLL compared to HVs. Analysis of survival curves revealed a shorter time to first treatment in the group of patients with low level of TLR4(3) expression compared to high level of TLR4(3) expression in bone marrow (13 months vs. 48 months, p = 0.0207). We suggest that TLRs expression is differentially regulated in CLL but is similarly shared between two distinct compartments of the microenvironment.
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Liu Z, Ding F, Shen X. Total flavonoids of Radix Tetrastigma suppress inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma cell metastasis. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:571-579. [PMID: 33576897 PMCID: PMC8144124 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the total flavonoids of Radix Tetrastigma (RTF) on inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Extracted RTF was diluted to different concentrations for subsequent experiments. HCC cells were cotreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and RTF to investigate the effects of RTF on LPS-stimulated HCC cells. A CCK-8 kit was used to measure cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected with a flow cytometer. Cell migration and invasion were quantified by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The expression of TLR4 and COX-2 and activation of the NF-κB pathway were determined by Western blotting. Treatment with LPS significantly enhanced cell proliferation and decreased the apoptosis rate, while cell migration and invasion were notably upregulated. RTF suppressed the proliferation and invasion induced by LPS stimulation and promoted HCC cell apoptosis. The protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased and that of Bcl-2 was increased by LPS in HCC cells, which could be rescued by RTF. RTF significantly inhibited the LPS-induced expression of the proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 in HCC cells. Mechanistically, with RTF treatment, the upregulated expression of TLR4 and COX-2 induced by LPS was obviously downregulated. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65 was significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated cells after supplementation with RTF. Our study suggests that RTF exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced enhancement of the malignant behaviors of HCC cells via inactivation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling. RTF may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent to limit HCC development and inflammation-mediated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fangmi Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xingyong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Road, Xian, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Luo W, Han Y, Meng P, Yang Q, Zhao H, Ling J, Wang Y. Resatorvid Relieves Breast Cancer Complicated with Depression by Inactivating Hippocampal Microglia Through TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:13003-13014. [PMID: 33376394 PMCID: PMC7755376 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s279800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer with high risk in females all over the world. It is usually complicated with depression, which can further accelerate the development and progression of breast tumors. We aim to identify a new drug and identify its functional mechanism in the regulation of hippocampal microglia (MG) in breast cancer complicated with depression (BCCD). Methods The activation model of MG was established by treatments from corticosterone (CORT) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The inhibitory effects of resatorvid on MG were investigated by CCK-8, ROS, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, scratch test, ELISA, RT-qPCR and Western blot. BCCD animal model was established using 4T1 inflammatory breast cancer cells and CORT treatment in vitro. Open field experiment (OFE), tail suspension test (TST), ELISA, RT-qPCR and Western blot experiments were utilized to examine the effects of resatorvid on the animal model in vivo. Results The cell viability and migration ability of the BCCD model group were suppressed. The expressions of inflammatory factors, ROS, and the apoptotic rate of the BCCD model group were up-regulated, in contrast to the control group. The expressions related to the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling in the BCCD model group were also elevated. Resatorvid reversed the above changes, which showed good therapeutic effects in depression-related behavioral changes, tumor treatment, and blood–brain barrier function. Conclusion In summary, resatorvid inhibited the activation of hippocampal MG in BCCD by regulating TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixu Luo
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanshan Han
- Medical Experimental Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Meng
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yueyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ling
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Yuan J, Li T, Yi K, Hou M. The suppressive role of miR-362-3p in epithelial ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04258. [PMID: 32671239 PMCID: PMC7347651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common cancer worldwide. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer. This study was designed to explore the function of miR-362-3p in EOC. QRT-PCR analysis was used to test miR-362-3p levels in EOC tissues and cell lines. Cell viability was tested via MTT assay. Transwell systems were applied to assay cell migration. The target gene of miR-362-3p was evaluated using dual luciferase reporter assays. The MyD88 protein in EOC cells was tested via western blot. Our data showed that miR-362-3p was expressed at low levels in EOC tissues and cells. miR-362-3p inhibited cell proliferation and migration, bound the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of MyD88, and inhibited MyD88 expression. MyD88 was inversely correlated with miR-362-3p in EOC, and MyD88 overexpression partly reduced the anti-proliferative effect of miR-362-3p in EOC cells. In conclusion, our data showed that miR-362-3p has an anti-proliferative effect on EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Minmin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
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Role of Metastasis-Related Genes in Cisplatin Chemoresistance in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010254. [PMID: 31905926 PMCID: PMC6981396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metastasis-related genes in cisplatin (CDDP) chemoresistance in gastric cancer is poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression of four metastasis-related genes (namely, c-met, HMGB1, RegIV, PCDHB9) in 39 cases of gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy with CDDP or CDDP+5-fluorouracil and evaluated its association with CDDP responsiveness. Comparison of CDDP-sensitive cases with CDDP-resistant cases, the expression of c-met, HMGB1, and PCDHB9 was correlated with CDDP resistance. Among them, the expression of HMGB1 showed the most significant correlation with CDDP resistance in multivariate analysis. Treatment of TMK-1 and MKN74 human gastric cancer cell lines with ethyl pyruvate (EP) or tanshinone IIA (TAN), which are reported to inhibit HMGB1 signaling, showed a 4–5-fold increase in inhibition by CDDP. Treatment with EP or TAN also suppressed the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the HMGB1 signal transduction pathway and suppressed the activity of NFκB in both cell lines. These results suggest that the expression of these cancer metastasis-related genes is also related to anticancer drug resistance and that suppression of HMGB1 may be particularly useful for CDDP sensitization.
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Tunset HM, Feuerherm AJ, Selvik LKM, Johansen B, Moestue SA. Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Alpha Regulates TLR Signaling and Migration in Metastatic 4T1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194800. [PMID: 31569627 PMCID: PMC6801560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Disrupting the cancer cell’s ability to migrate may be a strategy for hindering metastasis. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 α (cPLA2α), along with downstream proinflammatory and promigratory metabolites, has been implicated in several aspects of tumorigenesis, as well as metastasis, in various types of cancer. In this study, we aim to characterize the response to reduced cPLA2α activity in metastatic versus non-metastatic cells. We employ an isogenic murine cell line pair displaying metastatic (4T1) and non-metastatic (67NR) phenotype to investigate the role of cPLA2α on migration. Furthermore, we elucidate the effect of reduced cPLA2α activity on global gene expression in the metastatic cell line. Enzyme inhibition is achieved by using a competitive pharmacological inhibitor, cPLA2α inhibitor X (CIX). Our data show that 4T1 expresses significantly higher cPLA2α levels as compared to 67NR, and the two cell lines show different sensitivity to the CIX treatment with regards to metabolism and proliferation. Inhibition of cPLA2α at nontoxic concentrations attenuates migration of highly metastatic 4T1 cells, but not non-metastatic 67NR cells. Gene expression analysis indicates that processes such as interferon type I (IFN-I) signaling and cell cycle regulation are key processes regulated by cPLA2a in metastatic 4T1 cells, supporting the findings from the biological assays. This study demonstrates that two isogenic cancer cell lines with different metastatic potential respond differently to reduced cPLA2α activity. In conclusion, we argue that cPLA2α is a potential therapeutic target in cancer and that enzyme inhibition may inhibit metastasis through an anti-migratory mechanism, possibly involving Toll-like receptor signaling and type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Maja Tunset
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Astrid Jullumstrø Feuerherm
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Linn-Karina Myrland Selvik
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit Johansen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Siver Andreas Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Health Sciences, Nord University, P.O. Box 1490, 8049 Bodø, Norway.
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Zhang L, Tao X, Fu Q, Ge C, Li R, Li Z, Zhu Y, Tian H, Li Q, Liu M, Hu H, Zeng B, Lin Z, Li C, Luo R, Song X. Curcumin inhibits cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC through a synergistic effect on the TLR4/MyD88 and EGFR pathways. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1843-1855. [PMID: 31432177 PMCID: PMC6775800 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of available therapeutic methods, the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor. Furthermore, side effects are an important limiting factor in the treatment of NSCLC. Therefore, developing an efficacious, safe, affordable and easily accessible chemotherapeutic agent is necessary for NSCLC treatment. As a natural chemical produced by Zingiberaceae plants, curcumin exerts distinct antitumor effects on several tumor types. In the present study, curcumin was observed to inhibit not only cell proliferation and cell cycle transition, but also cell migration in NSCLC, as determined by a series of experiments (such as MTS assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometric analysis, Transwell migration assay and western blotting). Mechanistically, curcumin induced G2/M phase arrest by controlling cell cycle- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related checkpoints. Furthermore, curcumin significantly inhibited the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88 and EGFR in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conversely, EGF reversed the inhibitory action of curcumin on TLR4/MyD88. In clinical specimens, TLR4 and MyD88 were highly expressed in NSCLC tissues, and a significant positive association was observed between TLR4 and MyD88 expression. These data suggested that curcumin may control the EGFR and TLR4/MyD88 pathways to synergistically downregulate downstream cell cycle- and EMT-related regulators, in order to block cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC. These findings provide evidence for the clinical application of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfeng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Tao
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, P.R. China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Ruilei Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Central Hospital of Hengyang, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Qiaolin Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Baozhen Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Zhuyin Lin
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 510118, P.R. China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, P.R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, P.R. China
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Jung HS, Gu J, Kim JE, Nam Y, Song JW, Kim HK. Cancer cell-induced neutrophil extracellular traps promote both hypercoagulability and cancer progression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216055. [PMID: 31034495 PMCID: PMC6488070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophils can generate extracellular net-like structures by releasing their DNA–histone complexes and antimicrobial peptides, which is called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Various stimuli can induce NET formation. In particular, neutrophils and NET formation are abundant in tumor tissue. This study investigated how cancer cells induce NET formation and whether this NET formation promotes plasma thrombin generation and cancer progression. Methods Induction of NET formation by a pancreatic cancer cell line (AsPC-1) was assessed by measuring the histone–DNA complex level. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was measured by thrombin generation assay. In vitro migration, invasion, and tubule formation assays were performed. The circulating levels of NET markers and hypercoagulability markers were assessed in 62 patients with pancreatobiliary malignancy and 30 healthy controls. Results AsPC-1 significantly induced NET formation in a dose-dependent manner. Conditioned medium (CM) from AsPC-1 also induced NETs. Interestingly, NET-formation was abolished by heat-inactivated CM, but not by lipid-extracted CM, suggesting an important role of protein components. A reactive oxygen species inhibitor did not inhibit cancer cell–induced NET formation, but prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, cyclic adenosine monophosphate inducer) and antithrombin did. NETs significantly increased ETP of normal plasma. Of note, NETs promoted cancer cell migration and invasion as well as angiogenesis, which were inhibited by histone-binding agents (heparin, polysialic acid), a DNA-degrading enzyme, and Toll-like receptor neutralizing antibodies. In patients with pancreatobiliary malignancy, elevated NET markers correlated well with hypercoagulability makers. Conclusion Our findings indicate that cancer cell–induced NET formation enhances both hypercoagulability and cancer progression and suggest that inhibitors of NET formation such as PGE1 and antithrombin can be potential therapeutics to reduce both hypercoagulability and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JaYoon Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chen CY, Kao CL, Liu CM. The Cancer Prevention, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidation of Bioactive Phytochemicals Targeting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092729. [PMID: 30213077 PMCID: PMC6164406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-known family of pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in a host immune system. TLR triggering leads to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, driving the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, an increasing number studies have shown the link between TLRs and cancer. Among them, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is associated with inflammatory response and cancer progression. Dietary phytochemicals are potential modulators of immunological status with various pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. Curcumin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 1-dehydro-10-gingerdione, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), luteolin, quercetin, resveratrol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, xanthohumol, genistein, berberine, and sulforaphane can inhibit TLR4 activation. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway between inflammatory response and cancer progression. We further introduce bioactive phytochemicals with potential anti-inflammation and chemoprevention by inhibiting TLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Li Kao
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung County 92641, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Liu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, China.
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