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Chaaban A, Salman Z, Karam L, Kobeissy PH, Ibrahim JN. Updates on the role of epigenetics in familial mediterranean fever (FMF). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:90. [PMID: 38409042 PMCID: PMC10898143 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the MEFV (MEditerranean FeVer) gene that affects people originating from the Mediterranean Sea. The high variability in severity and clinical manifestations observed not only between ethnic groups but also between and within families is mainly related to MEFV allelic heterogeneity and to some modifying genes. In addition to the genetic factors underlying FMF, the environment plays a significant role in the development and manifestation of this disease through various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. Indeed, epigenetic events have been identified as an important pathophysiological determinant of FMF and co-factors shaping the clinical picture and outcome of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the contribution of epigenetic factors to autoinflammatory diseases, namely, FMF, to improve disease prognosis and potentially develop effective targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight the latest updates on the role of epigenetics in FMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Chaaban
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Salman
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Louna Karam
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Hussein Kobeissy
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - José-Noel Ibrahim
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon.
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Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Knockdown Attenuates H 2O 2-Induced Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Deposition by Suppressing miR-29b-3p and Upregulating STAT3. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:516-526. [PMID: 34657232 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA GAS5 (GAS5) is reportedly implicated in glaucoma. However, its significance in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of GAS5 on the function of HTMCs and its interaction with miR-29b-3p in HTMCs. We established an H2O2-induced oxidative injury model using HTMCs. RT-qPCR or western blotting was performed to examine the expression of the indicated genes. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the interaction between GAS5, miR-29b-3p, miR-29b-3p, and STAT3. CCK8 assay was used to assess the proliferative rate of HTMCs. Exposure to H2O2 increased the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, accompanied by reduced Bcl-2 expression. These H2O2-induced changes were effectively alleviated by GAS5 knockdown with sh-GAS5. MiR-29b-3p was directly regulated by GAS5. The effect of sh-GAS5 on ECM protein expression was also observed with the miR-29b-3p mimic. STAT3 was directly regulated by miR-29b-3p. MiR-29b-3p silencing alleviated STAT3 inhibition, followed by the restoration of cell vitality, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and ECM deposition. Our study is the first experimental investigation to shed light on a novel molecular mechanism of the GAS5/miR-29b-3p/STAT3 axis in an H2O2-induced oxidative injury model using HTMCs, which may offer a promising therapeutic approach against glaucoma.
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Gholaminejad A, Gheisari Y, Jalali S, Roointan A. Comprehensive analysis of IgA nephropathy expression profiles: identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:137. [PMID: 33874912 PMCID: PMC8054414 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a kidney disease recognized by the presence of IgA antibody depositions in kidneys. The underlying mechanisms of this complicated disease are remained to be explored and still, there is an urgent need for the discovery of noninvasive biomarkers for its diagnosis. In this investigation, an integrative approach was applied to mRNA and miRNA expression profiles in PBMCs to discover a gene signature and novel potential targets/biomarkers in IgAN. Methods Datasets were selected from gene expression omnibus database. After quality control checking, two datasets were analyzed by Limma to identify differentially expressed genes/miRNAs (DEGs and DEmiRs). Following identification of DEmiR-target genes and data integration, intersecting mRNAs were subjected to different bioinformatic analyses. The intersecting mRNAs, DEmiRs, related transcription factors (from TRRUST database), and long-non coding RNAs (from LncTarD database) were used for the construction of a multilayer regulatory network via Cytoscape. Result “GSE25590” (miRNA) and “GSE73953” (mRNA) datasets were analyzed and after integration, 628 intersecting mRNAs were identified. The mRNAs were mainly associated with “Innate immune system”, “Apoptosis”, as well as “NGF signaling” pathways. A multilayer regulatory network was constructed and several hub-DEGs (Tp53, STAT3, Jun, etc.), DEmiRs (miR-124, let-7b, etc.), TFs (NF-kB, etc.), and lncRNAs (HOTAIR, etc.) were introduced as potential factors in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Conclusion Integration of two different expression datasets and construction of a multilayer regulatory network not only provided a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of IgAN, but also introduced several key molecules as potential therapeutic target/non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieh Gholaminejad
- Regenerative medicine research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Regenerative medicine research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Jalali
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amir Roointan
- Regenerative medicine research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Chen W, Hao X, Yang B, Zhang Y, Sun L, Hua Y, Yang L, Yu J, Zhao J, Hou L, Lu H. MYCN‑amplified neuroblastoma cell‑derived exosomal miR‑17‑5p promotes proliferation and migration of non‑MYCN amplified cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:245. [PMID: 33537818 PMCID: PMC7893779 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is considered a highly prevalent extracranial solid tumor in young children, and the upregulation of N‑myc proto‑oncogene (MYCN) is closely associated with the late stages of NB and poor prognostic outcomes. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of exosomal microRNA (miRNA/miR)‑17‑5p from MYCN‑amplified NB cells on the proliferative and migratory potential of non‑MYCN amplified NB cells. miR‑17‑5p was found to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade by targeting PTEN, and the overexpression of miR‑17‑5p was found to promote cellular migration and proliferation in vitro. Further experimentation revealed that the elevated expression of miR‑17‑5p in SK‑N‑BE(2) cell‑derived exosomes significantly promoted the proliferative and migratory capacities of SH‑SY5Y cells by inhibiting PTEN. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that miR‑17‑5p derived from MYCN‑amplified NB cell exosomes promoted the migration and proliferation of non‑MYCN amplified cells, highlighting an exosome‑associated malignant role for miR‑17‑5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiwei Hao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Binyi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuezhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Hongting Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Seweryn A, Alicka M, Fal A, Kornicka-Garbowska K, Lawniczak-Jablonska K, Ozga M, Kuzmiuk P, Godlewski M, Marycz K. Hafnium (IV) oxide obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology promotes early osteogenesis via activation of Runx2-OPN-mir21A axis while inhibits osteoclasts activity. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:132. [PMID: 32933533 PMCID: PMC7493872 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to increasing aging of population prevalence of age-related disorders including osteoporosis is rapidly growing. Due to health and economic impact of the disease, there is an urgent need to develop techniques supporting bone metabolism and bone regeneration after fracture. Due to imbalance between bone forming and bone resorbing cells, the healing process of osteoporotic bone is problematic and prolonged. Thus searching for agents able to restore the homeostasis between these cells is strongly desirable. RESULTS In the present study, using ALD technology, we obtained homogeneous, amorphous layer of hafnium (IV) oxide (HfO2). Considering the specific growth rate (1.9Å/cycle) for the selected process at the temperature of 90 °C, we performed the 100 nm deposition process, which was confirmed by measuring film thickness using reflectometry. Then biological properties of the layer were investigated with pre-osteoblast (MC3T3), pre-osteoclasts (4B12) and macrophages (RAW 264.7) using immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. We have shown, that HfO2 (i) enhance osteogenesis, (ii) reduce osteoclastogenesis (iii) do not elicit immune response and (iv) exert anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION HfO2 layer can be applied to cover the surface of metallic biomaterials in order to enhance the healing process of osteoporotic bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seweryn
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Alicka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Fal
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Collegium Medicum, 01938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Kornicka-Garbowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - M Ozga
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Kuzmiuk
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Godlewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Collegium Medicum, 01938, Warsaw, Poland.
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, Wisznia Mała, 55-114, Wrocław, Poland.
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Zhou M, Lu B, Tan W, Fu M. Identification of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with primary open angle glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32178636 PMCID: PMC7076920 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by a progressive permanent degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) death. An increasing number of studies have suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have the ability to regulate gene expression; however, thus far, the mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in the development of POAG are still unclear. METHODS Using the data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs between POAG patients and controls were identified. Then, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and the key lncRNAs in POAG were identified. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to assess the enriched biological functions of mRNA in the ceRNA network. RESULTS During this study, a POAG-related ceRNA network with 37 miRNA nodes, 248 lncRNA nodes, 178 mRNA nodes, and 1985 edges was constructed. In addition, four lncRNAs (DNAJC27-AS1, AF121898, OIP5-AS1, and SNX29P2) were established as hub RNAs in this ceRNA network. The functional assay showed that 18 GO terms and 17 pathways were enriched. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-related ceRNA network in POAG, and the four lncRNAs were identified in the development of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tan
- The Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 98 Feng huang Road, Zunyi, China
| | - Mingshui Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Altered expression of apoptosis-related, circulating cell-free miRNAs in children with familial Mediterranean fever: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2020; 41:103-111. [PMID: 32140884 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent fever and serositis episodes. Identification of low penetrant or heterozygous MEFV mutations in clinically diagnosed FMF patients did raise a concern on whether epigenetic or environmental factors play an additional role in FMF pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of apoptosis-related miRNAs in FMF and their influence on clinical manifestations in the present study. METHOD 191 pediatric FMF patients and 31 healthy children included in the study. Expressions of 33 apoptosis-related, circulating cell-free miRNAs were evaluated by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, statistically calculated within ΔΔCt values and fold changes were evaluated by Welch T test, in which p < 0.05 were considered to be significant. RESULTS Nineteen miRNAs, including let-7a-5p, let-7c, let-7 g-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-195-5p, were found down-regulated; miR-15a-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-214-3p, and miR-365a-3p were up-regulated in FMF patients. In detail, these miRNAs were similar among FMF patients in terms of genotype, colchicine response, and having an inflammatory attack during analysis. CONCLUSION We found that 26 apoptosis-related circulating miRNAs were deregulated in children with FMF. Thus, we speculate that these miRNAs have a role in FMF pathogenesis via apoptotic mechanisms.
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Alicka M, Kornicka-Garbowska K, Kucharczyk K, Kępska M, Rӧcken M, Marycz K. Age-dependent impairment of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from horses. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:4. [PMID: 31900232 PMCID: PMC6942290 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive loss of cell functionality caused by an age-related impairment in cell metabolism concerns not only mature specialized cells but also its progenitors, which significantly reduces their regenerative potential. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are most commonly used in veterinary medicine as an alternative treatment option in ligaments and cartilage injuries, especially in case of high-value sport horses. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the molecular alternations in ASCs derived from three age-matched horse groups: young (< 5), middle-aged (5-15), and old (> 15 years old). METHODS ASCs were isolated from three age-matched horse groups using an enzymatic method. Molecular changes were assessed using qRT-PCR, ELISA and western blot methods, flow cytometry-based system, and confocal and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Our findings showed that ASCs derived from the middle-aged and old groups exhibited a typical senescence phenotype, such as increased percentage of G1/G0-arrested cells, binucleation, enhanced β-galactosidase activity, and accumulation of γH2AX foci, as well as a reduction in cell proliferation. Moreover, aged ASCs were characterized by increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and miRNAs (interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), miR-203b-5p, and miR-16-5p), as well as apoptosis markers (p21, p53, caspase-3, caspase-9). In addition, our study revealed that the protein level of mitofusin 1 (MFN1) markedly decreased with increasing age. Aged ASCs also displayed a reduction in mRNA levels of genes involved in stem cell homeostasis and homing, like TET-3, TET-3 (TET family), and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), as well as protein expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) and octamer transcription factor 3/4 (Oct 3/4). Furthermore, we observed a higher splicing ratio of XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) mRNA, indicating elevated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1) activity and, consequently, increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We also observed reduced levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) and insulin receptor (INSR) which indicated impaired insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Obtained data suggest that ASCs derived from horses older than 5 years old exhibited several molecular alternations which markedly limit their regenerative capacity. The results provide valuable information that allows for a better understanding of the molecular events occurring in ASCs in the course of aging and may help to identify new potential drug targets to restore their regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Alicka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Kępska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michael Rӧcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Wang M, Zheng Y. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in the trabecular meshwork. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8121. [PMID: 31788363 PMCID: PMC6883950 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an age-dependent disease closely related to oxidative stress and is regarded as the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In recent years, many studies have shown that morphological and functional abnormalities of the trabecular meshwork (TM) are closely related to glaucoma, especially with respect to oxidative stress. In this review, the mechanisms of oxidative stress in the TM and treatment strategies for this condition, including strategies involving antioxidants, noncoding RNAs and exogenous compounds, are discussed. Although many questions remain to be answered, the reviewed findings provide insights for further research on oxidative stress alleviation in glaucoma and suggest new targets for glaucoma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xue S, Hu X, Zhu L, Nie L, Li G. Protective functions of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in H 2O 2-injured vascular endothelial cells through anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis effects. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:207-214. [PMID: 31632668 PMCID: PMC6792333 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell injury in the cardiovascular endothelia caused by oxidative stress is among the major inducers of endothelium dysfunction and serves an important role in initiating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, protecting and improving the normal function of endothelial cells are considered key measures against CVDs. As a traditional Chinese medicinal component, Lycium barbarum is regarded to have high medicinal value. The present study aimed to investigate the potential anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) on injured rat artery endothelial cells, to demonstrate the experimental and medicinal values of LBPs. In the present study, the aortic endothelial cells of rats were cultivated and randomly divided into five groups: A control group, H2O2-injured group (H2O2 group), H2O2+LBPs (110 µg/ml) group (low-dose group, LT), H2O2+LBPs (220 µg/ml) group (medium-dose group, MT) and H2O2+LBPs (440 µg/ml) group (high-dose group, HT). Among these, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected by colorimetry. Additionally, the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were detected by western blotting. It was observed that SOD activity and NO content decreased while MDA content increased significantly in the H2O2 group (P<0.05 vs. control); that SOD activity in the MT and HT group, and NO content in all three LBP groups were increased, while MDA content in the three LBP groups was decreased, compared with the H2O2 group (all P<0.05); that Bcl-2 expression decreased significantly in the H2O2 group while the expression of Bax increased significantly compared with the control group (both P<0.05); and that Bcl-2 expression in all three LBP groups increased, while Bax expression in the MT and HT groups decreased compared with the H2O2 group (all P<0.05), with these altered Bax levels being statistically similar to those in the control group (P>0.05). On light microscopy, the cells in the control group exhibited spindle-shaped morphology, consistent sizes, defined boundaries, and distinct nuclei of equivalent sizes with round or oval morphology. Additionally, the chromatin in the nuclei was evenly distributed, and all cells were adhered in a paving-stone arrangement. Notably, only few cells died. Conversely, the cells in the H2O2 group exhibited signs of damage and enlarged gaps, and focal cells died. In the HT group, the cells once again appeared adherent and exhibited similar morphological status to the normal cells. Overall, these results indicate that LBPs serve a protective role in oxidative-injured vascular endothelial cells through anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Xue
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Nie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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