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Choi J, Kang S, An HI, Kim CE, Lee S, Pack CG, Yoon YI, Jin H, Cho YP, Kim CJ, Namgoong JM, Kim JK, Tak E. Fasudil and viscosity of gelatin promote hepatic differentiation by regulating organelles in human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:229. [PMID: 39075621 PMCID: PMC11288082 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stem cells originating from umbilical cord matrix are a promising therapeutic resource, and their differentiated cells are spotlighted as a tissue regeneration treatment. However, there are limitations to the medical use of differentiated cells from human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCM-MSCs), such as efficient differentiation methods. METHODS To effectively differentiate hUCM-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), we used the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, which is known to induce endoderm formation, and gelatin, which provides extracellular matrix to the differentiated cells. To estimate a differentiation efficiency of early stage according to combination of gelatin and fasudil, transcription analysis was conducted. Moreover, to demonstrate that organelle states affect differentiation, we performed transcription, tomographic, and mitochondrial function analysis at each stage of hepatic differentiation. Finally, we evaluated hepatocyte function based on the expression of mRNA and protein, secretion of albumin, and activity of CYP3A4 in mature HLCs. RESULTS Fasudil induced endoderm-related genes (GATA4, SOX17, and FOXA2) in hUCM-MSCs, and it also induced lipid droplets (LDs) inside the differentiated cells. However, the excessive induction of LDs caused by fasudil inhibited mitochondrial function and prevented differentiation into hepatoblasts. To prevent the excessive LDs formation, we used gelatin as a coating material. When hUCM-MSCs were induced into hepatoblasts with fasudil on high-viscosity (1%) gelatin-coated dishes, hepatoblast-related genes (AFP and HNF4A) showed significant upregulation on high-viscosity gelatin-coated dishes compared to those treated with low-viscosity (0.1%) gelatin. Moreover, other germline cell fates, such as ectoderm and mesoderm, were repressed under these conditions. In addition, LDs abundance was also reduced, whereas mitochondrial function was increased. On the other hand, unlike early stage of the differentiation, low viscosity gelatin was more effective in generating mature HLCs. In this condition, the accumulation of LDs was inhibited in the cells, and mitochondria were activated. Consequently, HLCs originated from hUCM-MSCs were genetically and functionally more matured in low-viscosity gelatin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an effective method for differentiating hUCM-MSCs into hepatic cells using fasudil and gelatin of varying viscosities. Moreover, we suggest that efficient hepatic differentiation and the function of hepatic cells differentiated from hUCM-MSCs depend not only on genetic changes but also on the regulation of organelle states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwan Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoon Kang
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-In An
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Yoon
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Jin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation (AMIT), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Man Namgoong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunyoung Tak
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Li K, Chen Z, Chang X, Xue R, Wang H, Guo W. Wnt signaling pathway in spinal cord injury: from mechanisms to potential applications. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1427054. [PMID: 39114641 PMCID: PMC11303303 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1427054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) denotes damage to both the structure and function of the spinal cord, primarily manifesting as sensory and motor deficits caused by disruptions in neural transmission pathways, potentially culminating in irreversible paralysis. Its pathophysiological processes are complex, with numerous molecules and signaling pathways intricately involved. Notably, the pronounced upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway post-SCI holds promise for neural regeneration and repair. Activation of the Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in neuronal differentiation, axonal regeneration, local neuroinflammatory responses, and cell apoptosis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for treating SCI. However, excessive activation of the Wnt pathway can also lead to negative effects, highlighting the need for further investigation into its applicability and significance in SCI. This paper provides an overview of the latest research advancements in the Wnt signaling pathway in SCI, summarizing the recent progress in treatment strategies associated with the Wnt pathway and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we offer insights into the clinical application of the Wnt signaling pathway in SCI, along with prospective avenues for future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huaibo Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Li Z, Liu Y, Li X, Yang S, Feng S, Li G, Jin F, Nie S. Knockdown the moyamoya disease susceptibility gene, RNF213, upregulates the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:246. [PMID: 38811382 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disease. Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) is a susceptibility gene of MMD. Previous studies have shown that the expression levels of angiogenic factors increase in MMD patients, but the relationship between the susceptibility gene RNF213 and these angiogenic mediators is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenesis of MMD by examining the effect of RNF213 gene knockdown on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Firstly, 40 patients with MMD and 40 age-matched normal individuals (as the control group) were enrolled in the present study to detect the levels of MMP-9 and bFGF in serum by ELISA. Secondly, Sprague-Dawley male rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured using the whole bone marrow adhesion method, and subsequent phenotypic analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Alizarin red and oil red O staining methods were used to identify osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Finally, third generation rBMSCs were transfected with lentivirus recombinant plasmid to knockout expression of the RNF213 gene. After successful transfection was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and fluorescence imaging, the expression levels of bFGF and MMP-9 mRNA in rBMSCs and the levels of bFGF and MMP-9 protein in the supernatant of the culture medium were detected on the 7th and 14th days after transfection. There was no significant difference in the relative expression level of bFGF among the three groups on the 7th day. For the relative expression level of MMP-9, there were significant differences on the 7th day and 14th day. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of bFGF in the supernatant of the RNF213 shRNA group culture medium, while there was a significant difference in the expression level of MMP-9. The knockdown of the RNF213 gene affects the expression of bFGF and MMP-9. However, further studies are needed to determine how they participate in the pathogenesis of MMD. The findings of the present study provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Second Provincal General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fushan District People's Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 265500, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Second Provincal General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Shaojing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Second Provincal General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences and Qingdao Central Hospital Medical Group, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, P.R. China
| | - Genhua Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences and Qingdao Central Hospital Medical Group, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, P.R. China.
| | - Shanjing Nie
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P.R. China.
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Yang H, Liang C, Luo J, Liu X, Wang W, Zheng K, Luo D, Hou Y, Guo D, Lin D, Zheng X, Li X. Transplantation of Wnt5a-modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04248-8. [PMID: 38795301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological condition that can lead to paralysis or even death. This study explored the potential benefits of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation for repairing SCI. BMSCs also differentiate into astrocytes within damaged spinal cord tissues hindering the cell transplantation efficacy, therefore it is crucial to enhance their neuronal differentiation rate to facilitate spinal cord repair. Wnt5a, an upstream protein in the non-classical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in stem cell migration, differentiation, and neurite formation but its role in the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of Wnt5a in promoting neuronal differentiation of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Wnt5a enhanced neuronal differentiation of BMSCs in vitro while reducing astrocyte differentiation. Additionally, high-throughput RNA sequencing revealed a correlation between Wnt5a and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling, which was confirmed by the use of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to reverse the effects of Wnt5a on BMSC neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, transplantation of Wnt5a-modified BMSCs into SCI rats effectively improved the histomorphology (Hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], Nissl and Luxol Fast Blue [LFB] staining), motor function scores (Footprint test and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan [BBB]scores)and promoted neuron production, axonal formation, and remodeling of myelin sheaths (microtubule associated protein-2 [MAP-2], growth-associated protein 43 [GAP43], myelin basic protein [MBP]), while reducing astrocyte production (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]). Therefore, targeting the Wnt5a/PI3K/AKT pathway could enhance BMSC transplantation for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaolun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics (Joint Surgery), Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, 519015, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunrui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Ganesan S, Dharmarajan A, Sudhir G, Perumalsamy LR. Unravelling the Road to Recovery: Mechanisms of Wnt Signalling in Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04055-1. [PMID: 38421469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex neurodegenerative pathology that consistently harbours a poor prognostic outcome. At present, there are few therapeutic strategies that can halt neuronal cell death and facilitate functional motor recovery. However, recent studies have highlighted the Wnt pathway as a key promoter of axon regeneration following central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Emerging evidence also suggests that the temporal dysregulation of Wnt may drive cell death post-SCI. A major challenge in SCI treatment resides in developing therapeutics that can effectively target inflammation and facilitate glial scar repair. Before Wnt signalling is exploited for SCI therapy, further research is needed to clarify the implications of Wnt on neuroinflammation during chronic stages of injury. In this review, an attempt is made to dissect the impact of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in relation to individual aspects of glial and fibrotic scar formation. Furthermore, it is also highlighted how modulating Wnt activity at chronic time points may aid in limiting lesion expansion and promoting axonal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Ganesan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - G Sudhir
- Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Lakshmi R Perumalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
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Guo X, Ma R, Wang M, Wui-Man Lau B, Chen X, Li Y. Novel perspectives on the therapeutic role of cryptotanshinone in the management of stem cell behaviors for high-incidence diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971444. [PMID: 36046823 PMCID: PMC9420941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CTS), a diterpenoid quinone, is found mostly in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza) and plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation/self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis. In particular, CTS’s profound physiological impact on various stem cell populations and their maintenance and fate determination could improve the efficiency and accuracy of stem cell therapy for high-incidence disease. However, as much promise CTS holds, these CTS-mediated processes are complex and multifactorial and many of the underlying mechanisms as well as their clinical significance for high-incidence diseases are not yet fully understood. This review aims to shed light on the impact and mechanisms of CTS on the actions of diverse stem cells and the involvement of CTS in the many processes of stem cell behavior and provide new insights for the application of CTS and stem cell therapy in treating high-incidence diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Chen, ; Yue Li,
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Chen, ; Yue Li,
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Wang Q, Zhao SF, Xiao X, Liu YN, Wang XL, Du YX. Combined Treatment of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fasudil Promotes Neurovascular Remodeling and Neurological Function Recovery in Ischemic Stroke. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:801-812. [PMID: 34542824 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke remains a highly deadly and disabling disease with limited treatment tragedies due to the limitations of available treatments; novel therapies for stroke are needed. In this article, the synergistic results of dual bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) and fasudil treatment in rat models of ischemic stroke still require further identification. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to construct the middle cerebral artery, occlusion models. BMSCs were incubated with fasudil, and MTT was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. The rats were treated with fasudil + BMSC, BMSC, fasudil, and saline. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count analysis and measurement of serum TNF-α levels. The neurological functions were evaluated. After the rats were sacrificed, immunohistochemical staining and TTC staining was performed. Fasudil promoted the proliferation of BMSCs and induced their differentiation into neuron-like cells. BMSCs increased the proportion of neutrophils; nevertheless, fasudil counteracted the neutrophil increase. The TUJ-1/MAP2/VIII factor expression in the fasudil + BMSC group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The number of GFAP-positive cells decreased in the fasudil + BMSC and BMSC alone groups. The infarct volume in the fasudil + BMSC and BMSC alone groups was significantly lower than in the fasudil alone and control groups. Both BMSCs and fasudil exert neurorestorative effects in rat models of cerebral ischemia. Fasudil neutralizes the pro-inflammatory effects of BMSCs, while BMSCs and fasudil together had synergistic effects promoting neurovascular remodeling and neurological function recovery in stroke. A combination of BMSCs and fasudil provides a promising method for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shu-Fang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun-Xia Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
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Wang C, Sun C, Zhao Y, Song H, Li Z, Jin F, Cui C. RNF213 gene silencing upregulates transforming growth factor β1 expression in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and is involved in the onset of Moyamoya disease. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1024. [PMID: 34373710 PMCID: PMC8343649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic and progressive cerebrovascular occlusion disease, the precise etiology of which is poorly understood. Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) has been previously identified as a susceptibility gene that serves an important role in angiogenesis, where it has been shown to be closely associated with the onset of MMD. Patients with MMD exhibit increased expression levels of various pro-inflammatory molecules and angiogenic factors. Under certain conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the ability to differentiate to form neuron-like and microglia-like cells. In the present study, a total of 40 MMD patients and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled. ELISA assays revealed that the expression of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were higher than that in healthy controls. Furthermore, rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) were isolated and cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method, which were then phenotyped using flow cytometry. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were determined by using Alizarin red and oil red O staining, respectively. RNF213 was knocked-down using a lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA system in passage three rBMSCs, and successful transfection of the RNF213 was confirmed by RT-qPCR and fluorescence imaging. The expression levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 in these rBMSCs were measured on days 7 and 14, respectively. The results demonstrated that RNF213 knockdown upregulated TGF-β1 at both protein and mRNA levels, but did not exert any effect on VEGF gene expression. In conclusion, these findings suggested that that RNF213 knockdown may contribute to aberrant TGF-β1 expression via a pathway that remains to be unidentified, indicating that quantitative changes in RNF213 gene expression may serve an important role in the pathogenesis of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Cuilian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyou Li
- Department of Neurosyrgery, Shandong Province Western Hospital, Shandong Province ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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Li Y, Chen D, Wu B. [Effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1α overexpression on differentiation of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth into vascular endothelial cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:761-768. [PMID: 34142505 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202012024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) overexpression on the differentiation of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) into vascular endothelial cells. Methods SHED was isolated from the retained primary teeth donated by healthy children by using collagenase digestion method. The third generation cells were identified by flow cytometry and alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining after osteogenic differentiation culture. The SHED were divided into blank control group (SHED without any treatment), empty group (SHED infected with empty lentivirus), HIF-1α overexpression group (SHED infected with HIF-1α overexpression lentivirus), Wnt inhibitor group (SHED interfered by IWR-1), and combination group (HIF-1α overexpressed SHED interfered by IWR-1). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to analyze the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in the SHED of blank control group, empty group, and HIF-1α overexpression group. Then the SHED in 5 groups were induced differentiation into vascular endothelial cells for 14 days. The expressions of cell surface marker molecule [von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CD31] were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), KDR (Kinase-inserted domain containing receptor), and VE-cadherin (VE) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions of phosphate-glycogen synthasc kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) and β-catenin were analyzed by Western blot. The tube forming ability of induced cells was detected by Matrigel tube forming experiment. The ability of endothelial cells to phagocytic lipid after differentiation was detected by DiI-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL) phagocytosis. Results After identification, the cells were SHED. After lentivirus transfection, compared with the blank control group and the empty group, the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in the HIF-1α overexpression group increased significantly ( P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group and the empty group, the expressions of VCAM-1, KDR, and VE mRNA, the percentages of vWF positive cells and CD31 positive cells, and the relative expression of β-catenin protein were significantly higher ( P<0.05), the relative expression of p-GSK3β protein was significantly lower ( P<0.05), the number of tubules formed and the ability to phagocytic lipids significantly increased ( P<0.05) in the HIF-1α overexpression group; while the indicators in the Wnt inhibitor group were opposite to those in the HIF-1α overexpression group ( P<0.05). Compared with the HIF-1α overexpression group, the expressions of VCAM-1, KDR, and VE mRNA, the percentages of vWF positive cells and CD31 positive cells, and the relative expression of β-catenin protein were significantly lower ( P<0.05), the relative expression of p-GSK3β protein was significantly higher, and the number of tubules formed and the ability of phagocytosis of lipids significantly reduced, showing significant differences between groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of HIF-1α can promote SHED to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan, 610036, P.R.China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan, 610036, P.R.China
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingyang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Sichuan, 610036, P.R.China
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Tiftik RN, Temiz-Reşitoğlu M, Güden DS, Bayrak G, Ün İ, Yılmaz ŞN, Şahan-Fırat S. Involvement of Rho-kinase/IκB-α/NF-κB activation in IL-1β-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in human chondrocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:418-426. [PMID: 33769089 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been clearly indicated that osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory and degenerative disease that could be promoted by Rho-kinase (ROCK); however, little is known about the role of ROCK/inhibitor κB alpha (IκB-α)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 pathway activation in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in primary human chondrocytes. To test this hypothesis, we focused on determining ROCK-II, IκB-α, p-IκB-α, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p22phox, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subtype 4 (NOX4) protein expression, ROCK-II activity, NADPH oxidase levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the presence and absence of ROCK-inhibitor fasudil. IL-1β (2 ng·mL-1, 24 h) increased the expression of ROCK-II, p-IκB-α, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and p22phox proteins, and decreased the expression of IκB-α, and the NOX4 protein level did not alter. ROCK activity and NADPH oxidase levels were increased, whereas the TAC was decreased by IL-1β. Fasudil (10-5-10-7 M) reversed all these changes induced by IL-1β. These results demonstrate that ROCK/IκB-α/NF-κB p65 pathway activation contributes to the IL-1β-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and thus, ROCK inhibition might be a beneficial treatment option for OA patients mainly based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Nalan Tiftik
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Demet Sinem Güden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Bayrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ün
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Şakir Necat Yılmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Şahan-Fırat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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