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Dang H, Peng M, Gu W, Ding G, Sun Y, Hao Z, Wei N, Wang X, Zhang C, Deng A. Investigating the Clinical Characteristics and PITX3Mutations of a Large Chinese Family with Anterior Segment Mesenchymal Dysgenesis and Congenital Posterior Polar Cataract. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:1397107. [PMID: 37139083 PMCID: PMC10151149 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1397107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogenic genetic mutations of a Chinese family with anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis and congenital posterior polar cataract. Methods Through family investigation, the family members were examined via slit lamp anterior segment imaging and screened for eye and other diseases by eye B-ultrasound. Genetic test was performed on the blood samples of the fourth family generation (23 people) via whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) and Sanger sequencing. Results Among the 36 members in four family generations, there were 11 living cases with different degrees of ocular abnormalities, such as cataracts, leukoplakia, and small cornea. All patients who received the genetic test had the heterozygous frameshift mutation c.640_656dup (p.G220Pfs∗95) on exon 4 of the PITX3 gene. This mutation was cosegregated with the clinical phenotypes in the family and thus might be one of the genetic factors that cause the corresponding ocular abnormalities in this family. Conclusion The congenital posterior polar cataract with or without anterior interstitial dysplasia (ASMD) of this family was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and the frameshift mutation (c.640_656dup) in the PITX3 gene was the cause of ocular abnormalities observed in this family. This study is of great significance for guiding prenatal diagnosis and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Min Peng
- Zhigene Translational Medicine Research Center Co. Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Zhigene Translational Medicine Research Center Co. Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Zhongkai Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Aijun Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
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Zhou L, Xu Z, Wu Q, Wei X. Unilateral buphthalmos, corneal staphyloma and corneal fistula caused by pathogenic variant in the PITX3 gene: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:385. [PMID: 36153513 PMCID: PMC9509590 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
PITX3 has been reported to be associated with congenital cataracts, anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, Peters’ anomaly, and microphthalmia. In this case, an infant with unilateral buphthalmos, corneal staphyloma and corneal fistula carrying a variant in PITX3 was reported.
Case description
We describe a 4-month-old female infant who was referred to our Eye Clinic because of gradual enlargement of the eyeball in the right eye and whitish opacity in both eyes. Buphthalmos with long axial length (22.04 mm), macrocornea with diffuse corneal oedema and opacity (14.50 mm*14.50 mm) and high intraocular pressure (23.78 mmHg) were detected in the right eye. Microphthalmia with short axial length (16.23 mm), microcornea with diffuse corneal oedema and opacity (7.50 mm*6.50 mm) were detected in the left eye. A 360° trabeculotomy was performed for the right eye. However, corneal staphyloma and corneal fistula in the right eye were detected 6 months after the surgery. A variant in exon 4 of PITX3 (c.640_656dup (p. Gly220Profs*95)) was identified in the proband but was not detected in her healthy parents.
Conclusion
A novel phenotype characterized by unilateral buphthalmos, corneal staphyloma and corneal fistula in an infant were reported to be associated with PITX3 in our study. Our study expands the scope of the clinical heterogeneity of PITX3 variants. It also improves our understanding and increases the attention given to patients with PITX3 variants.
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Zhou L, Sun X, Wang X, Liu K, Zhong Z, Chen J. Identification and functional analysis of two GJA8 variants in Chinese families with eye anomalies. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1553-1564. [PMID: 35980487 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on two different GJA8 variants related to congenital eye anomalies in two unrelated families, respectively. GJA8 (or Cx50) encoding a transmembrane protein to form lens connexons has been known as a common causative gene in congenital cataracts and its variants have recently been reported related to a wide phenotypic spectrum of eye defects. We identified two GJA8 variants, c.134G>T (p.Try45Leu, W45L) detected in a cataract family by Sanger sequencing and c.281G>A (p.Gly94Glu, G94E) found in a family with severe eye malformations including microphthalmia by whole-exome sequencing. These two variants were absent in healthy population and predicted deleterious by bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, we compared the expression in cell lines between these mutants and the wildtype to explore their potential mechanism. Cell counting kit-8 assay showed that overexpression of either W45L or G94E decreased cell viability compared with wild-type Cx50 and the control. A lower protein level in W45L found by western blotting and fewer punctate fluorescent signals showed by fluorescence microscopy suggested that W45L may have less protein expression. A higher G94E protein level and abundant dotted distribution indicated that G94E may cause aberrant protein degradation and accumulation. Such results from in vitro assays confirmed the impact of these two variants and gave us a hint about their different pathogenic roles in different phenotypes. In conclusion, our study is the first to have the functional analysis of two GJA8 variants c.134G>T and c.281G>A in Chinese pedigrees and explore the impact of these variants, which can help in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling as well in basic studies on GJA8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Room 505, Birth defect group, Medical Wing Building, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuejiao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Room 505, Birth defect group, Medical Wing Building, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Room 505, Birth defect group, Medical Wing Building, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kangyu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Room 505, Birth defect group, Medical Wing Building, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Room 505, Birth defect group, Medical Wing Building, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Room 505, Birth defect group, Medical Wing Building, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Tran TQ, Kioussi C. Pitx genes in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4921-4938. [PMID: 33844046 PMCID: PMC11073205 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox genes encode sequence-specific transcription factors (SSTFs) that recognize specific DNA sequences and regulate organogenesis in all eukaryotes. They are essential in specifying spatial and temporal cell identity and as a result, their mutations often cause severe developmental defects. Pitx genes belong to the PRD class of the highly evolutionary conserved homeobox genes in all animals. Vertebrates possess three Pitx paralogs, Pitx1, Pitx2, and Pitx3 while non-vertebrates have only one Pitx gene. The ancient role of regulating left-right (LR) asymmetry is conserved while new functions emerge to afford more complex body plan and functionalities. In mouse, Pitx1 regulates hindlimb tissue patterning and pituitary development. Pitx2 is essential for the development of the oral cavity and abdominal wall while regulates the formation and symmetry of other organs including pituitary, heart, gut, lung among others by controlling growth control genes upon activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Pitx3 is essential for lens development and migration and survival of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Pitx gene mutations are linked to various congenital defects and cancers in humans. Pitx gene family has the potential to offer a new approach in regenerative medicine and aid in identifying new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Q Tran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Dai B, Yu Y, Huang L, Meng Z, Chen L, Luo H, Chen T, Chen X, Ye W, Yan Y, Cai C, Zheng J, Zhao J, Dong L, Hu J. Application of neural network model in assisting device fitting for low vision patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:702. [PMID: 32617322 PMCID: PMC7327309 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background To explore the application of neural network models in artificial intelligence (AI)-aided devices fitting for low vision patients. Methods The data of 836 visually impaired people were collected in southwestern Fujian from May 2014 to May 2017. After a full eye examination, 629 low vision patients were selected from this group. Based on the visual functions, rehabilitation needs, and living quality scores of the selected patients, the professionals chose assistive devices that were the best fit for the patients. The data of these three factors were then subjected to the quantitative analysis, and the results were digitized and labeled. The final datasets were used to train a fully connected deep neural networks to obtain an AI-aided model for assistive device fitting. Results In this study, the main causes of low vision in southwestern Fujian were congenital diseases, among which congenital cataract was the most common. During the low vision AI-aided devices fitting, we found that the intermediate distance magnifier was suitable for the largest number of patients. Through quantitative analysis of the research results, it was found that AI-aided devices fitting was closely related to visual function, rehabilitation needs and quality of life. If this complex relationship can be mapped into the neural network model, AI-aided device fitting can be realized. We built a fully connected neural network model for AI-aided device fitting. The input of the model was the characteristic data of low vision patients, and the output was the forecast of suitable devices. When the threshold of the model was 0.4, the accuracy was about 80% and the F1 value was about 0.31. This threshold can be used as the classification judgment threshold of the model. Conclusions Low vision AI-aided device fitting is closely related to visual function, rehabilitation needs, and quality of life scores. The neural network model based on full connection can achieve high accuracy in AI-aided devices fitting. It has a great impact on clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfa Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Fujian Assistive Devices and Technology Resource Centre for Persons with Disabilities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Luo
- Fujian Assistive Devices and Technology Resource Centre for Persons with Disabilities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chi Cai
- Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Zheng
- Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liquan Dong
- China Assistive Devices and Technology Centre for Persons with Disabilities, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Quanzhou, China
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