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Zhang D, Wang Y, Zeng S, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Hu X. Integrated Analysis of Prognostic Genes Associated With Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747020. [PMID: 34557203 PMCID: PMC8452995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) remains an inevitable and major challenge in renal transplantation. The current study aims to obtain deep insights into underlying mechanisms and seek prognostic genes as potential therapeutic targets for renal IRI (RIRI). Methods After systematically screening the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we collected gene expression profiles of over 1,000 specimens from 11 independent cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing allograft kidney biopsies taken before and after reperfusion in the discovery cohort and further validated in another two independent transplant cohorts. Then, graft survival analysis and immune cell analysis of DEGs were performed in another independent renal transplant cohort with long-term follow-ups to further screen out prognostic genes. Cell type and time course analyses were performed for investigating the expression pattern of prognostic genes in more dimensions utilizing a mouse RIRI model. Finally, two novel genes firstly identified in RIRI were verified in the mouse model and comprehensively analyzed to investigate potential mechanisms. Results Twenty DEGs upregulated in the process of RIRI throughout different donor types (living donors, cardiac and brain death donors) were successfully identified and validated. Among them, upregulation of 10 genes was associated with poor long-term allograft outcomes and exhibited strong correlations with prognostic immune cells, like macrophages. Furthermore, certain genes were found to be only differentially expressed in specific cell types and remained with high expression levels even months after RIRI in the mouse model, which processed the potential to serve as therapeutic targets. Importantly, two newly identified genes in RIRI, Btg2 and Rhob, were successfully confirmed in the mouse model and found to have strong connections with NF-κB signaling. Conclusions We successfully identified and validated 10 IRI-associated prognostic genes in renal transplantation across different donor types, and two novel genes with crucial roles in RIRI were recognized for the first time. Our findings offered promising potential therapeutic targets for RIRI in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Zeng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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