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Ahmed U, Ong SK, Tan KO, Khan KM, Khan NA, Siddiqui R, Alawfi BS, Anwar A. Alpha-Mangostin and its nano-conjugates induced programmed cell death in Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1063-1081. [PMID: 38015290 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba are free living amoebae that are the causative agent of keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Alpha-Mangostin (AMS) is a significant xanthone; that demonstrates a wide range of biological activities. Here, the anti-amoebic activity of α-Mangostin and its silver nano conjugates (AMS-AgNPs) were evaluated against pathogenic A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts in vitro. Amoebicidal assays showed that both AMS and AMS-AgNPs inhibited the viability of A. castellanii dose-dependently, with an IC50 of 88.5 ± 2.04 and 20.2 ± 2.17 μM, respectively. Both formulations inhibited A. castellanii-mediated human keratinocyte cell cytopathogenicity. Functional assays showed that both samples caused apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cytochrome-c reductase in the cytosol. Whole transcriptome sequencing of A. castellanii showed the expression of 826 genes, with 447 genes being up-regulated and 379 genes being down-regulated post treatment. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the majority of genes were linked to apoptosis, autophagy, RAP1, AGE-RAGE and oxytocin signalling pathways. Seven genes (PTEN, H3, ARIH1, SDR16C5, PFN, glnA GLUL, and SRX1) were identified as the most significant (Log2 (FC) value 4) for molecular mode of action in vitro. Future in vivo studies with AMS and nanoconjugates are needed to realize the clinical potential of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bader Saleem Alawfi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, 42353, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Qadri M, Khired Z, Alaqi R, Elsayed S, Alarifi A, Ahmed R, Alhamami H, Khardali A, Hakami W. Zerumbone reduces TLR2 stimulation-induced M1 macrophage polarization pattern via upregulation of Nrf-2 expression in murine macrophages. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101956. [PMID: 38318316 PMCID: PMC10840118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia contributes significantly to gout arthritis pathogenesis, which promotes urate crystal deposition in the joints and activates joint-resident macrophages and circulating monocytes to initiate a state of inflammatory arthritis. In the joint, macrophages have an immune defense role where the presence of urate crystals results in the inflammatory mediators secretion, inflammatory cells recruitment to the joint, and shift macrophage population toward M1 pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Current treatment modalities of gout arthritis have side effects that limit their use in the elderly. A novel treatment that targets macrophage polarization to re-establish homeostasis may initiate a drug discovery program of novel disease-modifying agents for gout. Zerumbone (Zer) is a sesquiterpenoid bioactive compound found in the rhizome of Zingiberaceae family and possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activity. Our study hypothesized that soluble uric acid (sUA) and Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 agonist) reduce the anti-inflammatory function of murine M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages and change the expression of M2 genetic markers toward M1 phenotypes. We observed that priming of M2 macrophages with sUA and Pam3CSK4 significantly decreased M2 specific markers expression, e.g., Arg-1, Ym-1, and Fizz-1, enhanced mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL2, and iNOS and increased oxidative stress in M2 macrophages, as exhibited by a reduction in Nrf2 expression. We also aimed to study the impact of Zer on reducing the pro-inflammatory effect of sUA in TLR2-stimulated M2 macrophages. We noticed that Zer treatment significantly reduced L-1β and TNF-α production following Pam3CSK4 + sUA treatment on M2 macrophages. Furthermore, Zer reduced the caspase-1 activity without altering cytosolic NLRP3 content in challenged M2 BMDMs. We also observed that Zer significantly enhanced M2-associated marker's expression, e.g., Arg-1, Ym-1, and Fizz-1, and augmented Nrf-2 and other antioxidant proteins, including HMOX1 and srxn1expression following Pam3CSK4 + sUA treatment. We draw the conclusion that Zer is a potentially effective anti-inflammatory treatment for gout arthritis linked to hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Inflammation Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Unit, Health Science Research Center (HSRC), Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zenat Khired
- Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alaqi
- Inflammation Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Unit, Health Science Research Center (HSRC), Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandy Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Alarifi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alhamami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Khardali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Hakami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Wu X, Qiu R, Yi W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhu Z. Structure-based analysis and rational design of human peroxiredoxin-1's C-terminus-derived peptides to target sulfiredoxin-1 in pancreatic cancer. Biophys Chem 2022; 288:106857. [PMID: 35901662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human peroxiredoxin (PRX) family of antioxidant enzymes reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxide involved in the redox signaling, among which the widely documented PRX1 is a versatile molecule regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, and has been implicated in the tumorigensis of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we systematically examined the complex crystal structure of PRX1 with its cognate interacting partner sulfiredoxin-1 (SRX1) at molecular level, and found that the PRX1-SRX1 association is a typical peptide-mediated protein-protein interaction, where a 18-mer C-terminal tail (CTT) segment of PRX1 was identified to be primarily responsible for the interaction, which contributes ~80% and ~ 55% to the total binding potency of SRX1 to PRX1 monomer and homodimer, respectively. We also demonstrated that the SRX1 exhibits a strong global selectivity for PRX1 CTT tail over other PRX family proteins. Next, the intermolecular interaction between PRX1 CTT tail and SRX1 was investigated at structural, energetic and dynamic levels, from which a 9-mer core region of PRX1 CTT tail was defined as the SRX1-binding hotspot. Biophysical assays substantiated that the CTT and CTTc peptides (out of PRX1 protein context) can bind in an independent manner and possess a close affinity to SRX1. Based on the CTTc sketch a computational combinatorial library consisting of 216 designed peptide derivatives was rationally generated, from which the top-5 hits were found to have comparable affinity with CTT peptide and improved affinity relative to CTTc peptide. They can be used as structurally reduced lead molecular entities to further develop new peptidic agents for therapeutic purpose to disrupt the native PRX1-SRX1 interaction by competing with PRX1 CTT tail for the peptide-binding pocket of SRX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People's Hospital, the Affilinated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Yueyang 414022, China.
| | - Rongyuan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People's Hospital, the Affilinated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Yueyang 414022, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People's Hospital, the Affilinated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Yueyang 414022, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People's Hospital, the Affilinated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Yueyang 414022, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People's Hospital, the Affilinated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Yueyang 414022, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People's Hospital, the Affilinated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Yueyang 414022, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- Suzhou QingYaQiRui Biotechonology Co. Ltd, Suzhou 215100, China
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Nikolaeva SD, Fock EM, Parnova RG. Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates Triglyceride Accumulation and Lipid Droplet Biogenesis in PC12 Cells: the Role of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1 Down-Regulation and Suppression of Fatty Acid Oxidation. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McGinnis A, Klichko VI, Orr WC, Radyuk SN. Hyperoxidation of Peroxiredoxins and Effects on Physiology of Drosophila. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040606. [PMID: 33920774 PMCID: PMC8071185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity of peroxiredoxins (Prx) is determined by the conserved peroxidatic cysteine (CysP), which reacts with peroxides to form sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH). Under conditions of oxidative stress, CysP is oxidized to catalytically inactive sulfinic (Cys-SO2) and sulfonic (Cys-SO3) forms. The Cys-SO2 form can be reduced in a reaction catalyzed by sulfiredoxin (Srx). To explore the physiological significance of peroxiredoxin overoxidation, we investigated daily variations in the oxidation state of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in flies of different ages, or under conditions when the pro-oxidative load is high. We found no statistically significant changes in the 2-Cys Prxs monomer:dimer ratio, which indirectly reflects changes in the Prx catalytic activity. However, we found daily variations in Prx-SO2/3 that were more pronounced in older flies as well as in flies lacking Srx. Unexpectedly, the srx mutant flies did not exhibit a diminished survivorship under normal or oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, the srx mutant was characterized by a higher physiological activity. In conclusion, catalytically inactive forms of Prx-SO2/3 serve not only as a marker of cellular oxidative burden, but may also play a role in an adaptive response, leading to a positive effect on the physiology of Drosophila melanogaster.
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