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Zhang X, Sun Y, Yu Q, Zeng W, Zhang Y, Zeng M, Pang K, Yu Y, Gan J, Li H, Yang L, Jiang X. Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San Treatment Alleviated Mild Cognitive Impairment through Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Mechanisms in SAMP8 Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:7807302. [PMID: 37954637 PMCID: PMC10635749 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7807302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alleviating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San (JWKXS) is applied for treating AD with MCI. However, the mechanism of JWKXS in the treatment of MCI is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of JWKXS in SAMP8 mice models of MCI. Methods MCI models were established to examine learning and memory ability and explore the pathomechanisms in brain of SAMP8 mice at 4, 6, and 8 months. The mice were treated for 8 weeks and the effects of JWKXS on MCI were characterized through Morris water maze and HE/Nissl's/immunohistochemical staining. Its mechanism was predicted by the combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and system pharmacology analysis, further verified with SAMP8 mice, BV2 microglial cells, and PC12 cells. Results It was found that 4-month-old SAMP8 mice exhibited MCI. Two months of JWKXS treatment improved the learning and memory ability, alleviated the hippocampal tissue and neuron damage. Through network pharmacology, four key signaling pathways were found to be involved in treatment of MCI by JWKXS, including TLR4/NF-κB pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that JWKXS attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglia activation, suppressing TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, and blocking the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways leading to neuronal apoptosis suppression in the hippocampus. Conclusion JWKXS treatment improved the learning and memory ability and conferred neuroprotective effects against MCI by inducing anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis. Limitations. The small sample size and short duration of the intervention limit in-depth investigation of the mechanisms. Future Prospects. This provides a direction for further clarification of the anti-AD mechanism, and provides certain data support for the formulation to move toward clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingxin Sun
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kexin Pang
- The University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK
| | - Yifei Yu
- Mcmaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Liao H, Zou Z, Liu W, Guo X, Xie J, Li L, Li X, Gan X, Huang X, Liu J, Li W, Zeng H, Chen Z, Jiang Q, Yao H. Osteopontin-integrin signaling positively regulates neuroplasticity through enhancing neural autophagy in the peri-infarct area after ischemic stroke. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:7726-7743. [PMID: 36505285 PMCID: PMC9730111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Osteopontin (OPN) in mediating macroautophagy, autophagy, and neuroplasticity in the ipsilateral hemisphere after stroke. METHODS Focal stroke was induced by photothrombosis in adult mice. Spatiotemporal expression of endogenous OPN and BECN1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Motor function was determined by the grid-walking and cylinder tasks. We also evaluated markers of neuroplasticity and autophagy using biochemical and histology analyses. RESULTS Herein, we showed that endogenous OPN and beclin1 were increased in the peri-infarct area of stroked patients and mice. Intracerebral administration of OPN (0.1 mg/ml; 3 ml) significantly improved performance in motor behavioral tasks compared with non-OPN-treated stroke mice. Furthermore, the neural repair was induced in OPN-treated stroke mice. We found that OPN treatment resulted in a significantly higher density of a presynaptic marker (vesicular glutamate transporter 1, VgluT1) and synaptic plasticity marker (synaptophysin, SYN) within the peri-infarct region. OPN treatment in stroke mice not only increased protein levels of integrin β1 but also promoted the expression of beclin1 and LC3, two autophagy-related proteins in the peri-infarct area. Additionally, OPN-induced neuroplasticity and autophagy were blocked by an integrin antagonist. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that OPN may enhance neuroplasticity via autophagy, providing a new therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikang Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang LaboratoryWenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Neurology and Chemistry Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiqin Liu
- The Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinlu Xie
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central HospitalHuzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangxian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinying Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiansheng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Juxia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongji Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China,School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central HospitalHuzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuhua Jiang
- The Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, Guangxi, China
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Magnoflorine Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury via Autophagy/Sirt1/AMPK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2131561. [PMID: 36124014 PMCID: PMC9482485 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2131561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common cause of permanent disability worldwide. Magnoflorine has been discovered to have good antioxidation, immune regulation, and cardiovascular system protection functions. However, whether magnoflorine treatment protects against cerebral ischemic stroke and the mechanism of such protection remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of magnoflorine on the development of ischemic stroke disorder in rats. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model followed by 24 h reperfusion after 90 min ischemia was used. The rats were treated with magnoflorine (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. The neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct volume, and brain water content were measured. The neuronal density was determined using Nissl and NeuN staining. The oxidative stress levels were determined using commercial kits. Immunofluorescence staining of LC3 and western blot assay for LC3 and p62 were used to assess autophagy. Magnoflorine treatment significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume and brain water content and improved the neurological deficit scores in the rat MCAO model. In addition, magnoflorine ameliorated neuronal injury and neuron density in the cortex of rats. Magnoflorine also prevented oxidative damage following ischemia, reflected by the decrement of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde and the increase of glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of LC3 and the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I were remarkably downregulated in ischemic rat administration of magnoflorine. Finally, the expression levels of p62, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and phosphorylated-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were upregulated with magnoflorine. Magnoflorine attenuated the cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage, which was possibly associated with antioxidative stress, suppression of autophagy, and activation of the Sirt1/AMPK pathway in the rats.
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Pang Q, Zheng L, Ren Z, Xu H, Guo H, Shan W, Liu R, Gu Z, Wang T. Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Its Relationships with Other Types of Programmed Cell Death: Insights for Potential Therapeutic Benefits in Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1274550. [PMID: 36062196 PMCID: PMC9433211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1274550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health issue with a high incidence, high morbidity, and high mortality that poses a large burden on society. Further understanding of the pathophysiology and cell death models induced by TBI may support targeted therapies for TBI patients. Ferroptosis, a model of programmed cell death first defined in 2012, is characterized by iron dyshomeostasis, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis and has been shown to play a role in secondary brain injury and worsen long-term outcomes after TBI. This review systematically describes (1) the regulatory pathways of ferroptosis after TBI, (2) the neurobiological links between ferroptosis and other cell death models, and (3) potential therapies targeting ferroptosis for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Pang
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lexin Zheng
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyang Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hanmu Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiya Gu
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Tetrandrine Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury by Regulating Autophagy to Reduce Ferroptosis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1574-1587. [PMID: 35266084 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in trauma patients. However, the effects and mechanism of autophagy after TBI remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether tetrandrine could ameliorate TBI through autophagy to reduce ferroptosis. A mice model for TBI was implemented. Behavioral and histomorphological experiments were performed to evaluate outcomes of the mice. The ferroptosis levels was detected by Perls staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels in the brain tissue. Western blot test was performed to detect Beclin 1, light chain 3 (LC3) II/I, p62, GPX4, SCL7A11, and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) levels, and the expression of LC3B, Beclin 1, GPX4, and FTH1 in the brain tissue was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). The behavioral and histomorphological results demonstrated that tetrandrine improved the neurological function and cerebral edema on days 1, 3, and 7 after TBI. The ELISA results suggested that tetrandrine reduced the MDA concentration and increased GSH concentration on days 1, 3, and 7 after TBI. IF staining and Perls staining reflected that tetrandrine promoted autophagy and inhibited ferroptosis on days 1, 3, and 7 after TBI, respectively. Tetrandrine further improved the neurological function, cerebral edema, autophagy, and ferroptosis on days 1, 3, and 7 after TBI after adding the autophagy inducer rapamycin. The effect of TET in alleviating TBI increased with the increase of time and dose. Tetrandrine ameliorated TBI by regulating autophagy to reduce ferroptosis, providing a new therapeutic strategy for TBI.
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