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Lin H, Li Z, Xie Z, Tang S, Huang M, Feng J, Wei Y, Shen Z, Zhou R, Feng Y, Chen H, Ren Y, Huang F, Wang X, Jiang Z. An anti-infection and biodegradable TFRD-loaded porous scaffold promotes bone regeneration in segmental bone defects: experimental studies. Int J Surg 2024; 110:3269-3284. [PMID: 38506734 PMCID: PMC11175727 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing segmental bone defects remains a complex task in orthopedics, and recent advancements have led to the development of novel drugs to enhance the bone regeneration. However, long-term oral administration can lead to malnutrition and poor patient compliance. Scaffolds loaded with medication are extensively employed to facilitate the restoration of bone defects. METHODS Inspired by the local application of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) in the treatment of fracture, a novel 3D-printed HA/CMCS/PDA/TFRD scaffold with anti-infection, biodegradable and induced angiogenesis was designed, and to explore its preclinical value in segmental bone defect of tibia. RESULTS The scaffold exhibited good degradation and drug release performance. In vitro, the scaffold extract promoted osteogenesis by enhancing bone-related gene/protein expression and mineral deposition in BMSCs. It also stimulated endothelial cell migration and promoted angiogenesis through the upregulation of specific genes and proteins associated with cell migration and tube formation. This may be attributed to the activation of the PI3k/AKT/HIF-1α pathway, facilitating the processes of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the HA/CMCS/PDA/TFRD scaffold was demonstrated to alleviate infection, enhance angiogenesis, promote bone regeneration, and increase the maximum failure force of new formed bone in a rat model of segmental bone defects. CONCLUSION Porous scaffolds loaded with TFRD can reduce infection, be biodegradable, and induce angiogenesis, presenting a novel approach for addressing tibial segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiong Lin
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Hospital and Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zige Li
- The 2nd Department of Arthrosis, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Zhenze Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Shengyao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Minling Huang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Junjie Feng
- Emergency Department, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang
| | - Yuanlan Feng
- Fifth Department of Orthopedics (Foot and Ankle Surgery), Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan
| | - Huamei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangzhou
| | - Yueyi Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
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Zhao Y, Cai X, Sun J, Bi W, Yu Y. Active components and mechanisms of total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae in enhancing cranial bone regeneration: An investigation employing serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117253. [PMID: 37778522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Drynariae, as the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze ex Mett.) J. Sm., is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating the injury and bone broken of falling and beating. Total flavonoids is considered as the major and effective compounds for the therapeutic efficacy of Rhizoma Drynariae. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effect of total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) on bone regeneration and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of TFRD in various doses on bone reconstruction in cranial bone defect rats was explored in vivo. The active ingredients in TFRD-medicated serum were characterized by serum pharmacochemistry and integrated by network pharmacology analysis and target prediction. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of TFRD on bone regeneration, experimental validation in vitro was executed to assess the influence of different concentrations of TFRD-medicated serum on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). RESULTS Micro-CT, histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and ELSA demonstrated that administration of TFRD could promote bone reconstruction in a rat cranial defect model. We identified 27 active components of TFRD using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results from CCK8, ALP, and Alizarin Red S staining revealed that TFRD-medicated serum notably enhanced BMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. qRT-PCR and Western blot harvested results consistent with those predicted by network pharmacology, providing further evidence that TFRD activated the TGF-β signaling pathway to benefit bone regeneration. CONCLUSION The active components of TFRD modulate the TGF-β signaling pathway to facilitate osteogenesis, thereby repairing cranial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Xu X, Fan X, Wu X, Xia R, Liang J, Gao F, Shu J, Yang M, Sun W. Luteolin ameliorates necroptosis in Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway based on network pharmacology analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 661:108-118. [PMID: 37099894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is deeply relevant to damage and dysfunction of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Recently, necroptosis, a newly programmed cell death with necrotic appearance, has garnered increasing attention. Luteolin, a flavonoid compound derived from Rhizoma Drynariae, has numerous pharmacological properties. However, the effect of Luteolin on BMECs in GIONFH through the necroptosis pathway has not been extensively investigated. Based on network pharmacology analysis, 23 genes were identified as potential targets for the therapeutic effect of Luteolin in GIONFH via the necroptosis pathway, with RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL being the hub genes. Immunofluorescence staining results revealed high expression of vWF and CD31 in BMECs. In vitro experiments showed that incubation with dexamethasone led to reduced proliferation, migration, angiogenesis ability, and increased necroptosis of BMECs. However, pretreatment with Luteolin attenuated this effect. Based on molecular docking analysis, Luteolin exhibited strong binding affinity with MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of p-MLKL, MLKL, p-RIPK3, RIPK3, p-RIPK1, and RIPK1. Intervention with dexamethasone resulted in a significant increase in the p-RIPK1/RIPK1 ratio, but the effects of dexamethasone were effectively counteracted by Luteolin. Similar findings were observed for the p-RIPK3/RIPK3 ratio and the p-MLKL/MLKL ratio, as anticipated. Therefore, this study demonstrates that Luteolin can reduce dexamethasone-induced necroptosis in BMECs via the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Luteolin in GIONFH treatment. Additionally, inhibiting necroptosis could be a promising novel approach for GIONFH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- Peking University Health Science Center, China-Japan Friendship, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinjie Wu
- Peking University Health Science Center, China-Japan Friendship, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Runzhi Xia
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Peking University Health Science Center, China-Japan Friendship, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Orthopedics Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jun Shu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Orthopedics Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Meng K, Liu Y, Ruan L, Chen L, Chen Y, Liang Y. Suppression of apoptosis in osteocytes, the potential way of natural medicine in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114403. [PMID: 37003034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the field of orthopedics, osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common and refractory condition sometimes known as "immortal cancer" due to its complicated etiology, difficult treatment, and high disability rate. This paper's main goal is to examine the most recent literature on the pro-apoptotic effects of traditional Chinese medicine TCM monomers or compounds on osteocytes and to provide a summary of the potential signal routes. METHODS The last ten years' worth of literature on ONFH as well as the anti-ONFH effects of aqueous extracts and monomers from traditional Chinese medicine were compiled. CONCLUSIONS When all the relevant signal pathways are considered, the key apoptotic routes include those mediated by the mitochondrial pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway, the HIF-1 signaling network, etc. As a result, we anticipate that this study will shed light on the value of TCM and its constituent parts for treating ONFH by inducing apoptosis in osteocytes and offer some guidance for the future development of innovative medications as anti-ONFH medications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Meng
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Minzu Road, Neijiang 641000, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Liu
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Minzu Road, Neijiang 641000, PR China.
| | - Lvqiang Ruan
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Minzu Road, Neijiang 641000, PR China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Minzu Road, Neijiang 641000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Minzu Road, Neijiang 641000, PR China
| | - Ying Liang
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 51, Minzu Road, Neijiang 641000, PR China
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Wu H, Chen G, Zhang G, Lv Q, Gu D, Dai M. Mechanism of vascular endothelial cell-derived exosomes modified with vascular endothelial growth factor in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36794758 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acb412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is an intractable orthopedic disease. This study investigated the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of vascular endothelial cell (VEC)-derived exosomes (Exos) modified with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in SANFH. VECs were culturedin vitroand transfected with adenovirus Adv-VEGF plasmids. Exos were extracted and identified.In vitro/vivoSANFH models were established and treated with VEGF-modified VEC-Exos (VEGF-VEC-Exos). The internalization of Exos by BMSCs, proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs were determined by the uptake test, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, alizarin red staining, and oil red O staining. Meanwhile, the mRNA level of VEGF, the appearance of the femoral head, and histological analysis were assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, the protein levels of VEGF, osteogenic markers, adipogenic markers, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway-related indicators were examined by Western blotting, along with evaluation of the VEGF levels in femur tissues by immunohistochemistry. Glucocorticoid (GC) induced adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation. VEGF-VEC-Exos accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of GC-induced BMSCs and inhibited adipogenic differentiation. VEGF-VEC-Exos activated the MAPK/ERK pathway in GC-induced BMSCs. VEGF-VEC-Exos promoted osteoblast differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the MAPK/ERK pathway. VEGF-VEC-Exos accelerated bone formation and restrained adipogenesis in SANFH rats. VEGF-VEC-Exos carried VEGF into BMSCs and motivated the MAPK/ERK pathway, thereby promoting osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs in SANFH, inhibiting adipogenic differentiation, and alleviating SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Guocheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, People's Republic of China
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Gut microbiome dysregulation drives bone damage in broiler tibial dyschondroplasia by disrupting glucose homeostasis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 36596826 PMCID: PMC9810666 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) with multiple incentives is a metabolic skeletal disease that occurs in fast-growing broilers. Perturbations in the gut microbiota (GM) have been shown to affect bone homoeostasis, but the mechanisms by which GM modulates bone metabolism in TD broilers remain unknown. Here, using a broiler model of TD, we noted elevated blood glucose (GLU) levels in TD broilers, accompanied by alterations in the pancreatic structure and secretory function and damaged intestinal barrier function. Importantly, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of gut microbes from normal donors rehabilitated the GM and decreased the elevated GLU levels in TD broilers. A high GLU level is a predisposing factor to bone disease, suggesting that GM dysbiosis-mediated hyperglycaemia might be involved in bone regulation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid analysis revealed that the significantly increased level of the metabolite butyric acid derived from the genera Blautia and Coprococcus regulated GLU levels in TD broilers by binding to GPR109A in the pancreas. Tibial studies showed reduced expression of vascular regulatory factors (including PI3K, AKT and VEFGA) based on transcriptomics analysis and reduced vascular distribution, contributing to nonvascularization of cartilage in the proximal tibial growth plate of TD broilers with elevated GLU levels. Additionally, treatment with the total flavonoids from Rhizoma drynariae further validated the improvement in bone homoeostasis in TD broilers by regulating GLU levels through the regulation of GM to subsequently improve intestinal and pancreatic function. These findings clarify the critical role of GM-mediated changes in GLU levels via the gut-pancreas axis in bone homoeostasis in TD chickens.
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Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Qi-Shen-Di-Huang Drug Formulary for Myasthenia Gravis (MG) based on UHPLC-QE-MS Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Techniques. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7416448. [PMID: 36225188 PMCID: PMC9550457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7416448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare and refractory autoimmune disease, and Qi Shen Di Huang (QSDH) drug formulary is an in-hospital herbal decoction with proven clinical efficacy in treating MG. Currently, most of the research on the QSDH drug formulary has concentrated on its clinical efficacy, and there is a lack of systematic study on the material basis. The active compounds and their mechanism of action have not been entirely determined. Therefore, this study sought to identify the active compounds in the QSDH drug formulary and analyze the key targets and potential mechanisms. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database to identify and screen 85 active ingredients corresponding to 59 potential targets (17 herbs) associated with myasthenia gravis, and further identified AKT1 as the primary core target and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as the most substantial enriched pathway. Molecular docking and UPLC-MS analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, kaempferol, laccasein, and epigallocatechin gallate are the core compounds of the QSDH drug formulary. In vivo rat studies showed that the QSDH drug formulary reduced Lennon's clinical score and decreased acetylcholine receptor antibody levels in peripheral blood rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. In addition, the QSDH drug formulary downregulated P-PI3K/PI3K and P-Akt/Akt protein expression. Collectively, these findings describe the role and potential mechanism of the QSDH drug formulary in the treatment of MG, which exerts potential value by acting on AKT targets and regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and providing a theoretical reference for QSDH drug formulary application in the clinical treatment of MG.
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Xu T, Zheng J, Jin W, Li L, Lin L, Shaukat A, Zhang C, Cao Q, Ashraf M, Huang S. Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Ameliorate Bone Growth in Experimentally Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Chickens via Regulation of OPG/RANKL Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:881057. [PMID: 35694251 PMCID: PMC9178197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.881057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Rhizoma Drynariae, traditional Chinese herb, is widely used to treat and prevent bone disorders. However, experimental evidence on the use of Rhizoma Drynariae extract, total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) to treat tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in chickens and its underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of TFRD on leg disease caused by TD and elucidate its mechanisms in modulating the bone status. Methods: Thiram-induced chicken TD model has been established. The tibia status was evaluated by analyzing tibia-related parameters including tibial weight, tibial length and its growth plate width and by performing histopathological examination. The expression of tibial bone development-related genes and proteins was confirmed by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results: The results showed that administration of TFRD mitigated lameness, increased body weight, recuperated growth plate width in broilers affected by TD and the increase of tibia weight and tibia length is significantly positively correlated with body weight. Compared with the TD group broilers, 500 mg/kg TFRD evidently reduced the damage width of the growth plate and improved its blood vessel distribution by elevating the gene expression levels of BMP-2 and Runx2 and OPG/RANKL ratio. Furthermore, correlation analysis found that the damage width of the growth plate was negatively correlated with the expression levels of BMP-2 and OPG. Conclusion: The present study revealed that TFRD could promote the bone growth via upregulating OPG/RANKL ratio, suggesting that TFRD might be a potential novel drug in the treatment of TD in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - WeiXing Jin
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luxi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaodong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Pishin, Pakistan
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shucheng Huang,
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Xing T, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Li S. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction inhibits the activity of osteoclasts in osteonecrosis of the femoral head via regulation of the RELA/AKT1 axis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3559-3571. [PMID: 35702106 PMCID: PMC9185058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Duhuo Jisheng Decotion (DHJSD) on the activity of osteoclasts in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and its underlying mechanism relating to the RELA/AKT1 axis. METHODS The TCMSP database was used to search for the effective ingredients and the targets of various Chinese medicines in DHJSD. Its targets were intersected with ONFH risk genes in DisGeNET and Malacards databases to obtain the potential target genes. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of potential target genes in ONFH tissues, and the ChIP experiment was used to verify the relationship between RELA and AKT1 promoter. An ONFH rat model was established and DHJSD was used for the treatment. The expressions of RELA and AKT1 in rats were intervened, and rats were grouped. qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expression levels of osteoclast markers ACP5, CTSK, and RANK in the tissues to evaluate the regulation of DHJSD on target genes and the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation. RESULTS A total of 231 effective targets of DHJSD were screened out in the TCMSP database. Intersection with ONFH risk genes yielded a total of 20 candidate genes. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that AKT1 regulated other genes. KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that STAT1, AKT1, PPARG, PPARG, TNF and RELA were enriched in osteoclast differentiation pathway. Compared with normal tissues, the expression of STAT1 was decreased in ONFH tissues, and the expressions of AKT1, PPARG, TNF, and RELA were increased, among which, RELA and AKT1 are the most significantly increased genes (all P<0.05). ChIP experiment found that RELA had a binding relationship with AKT1 promoter. DHJST had the inhibitory effect on the expression of RELA and AKT1 in ONFH tissues, as well as the levels of ACP5, CTSK, and RANK. However, overexpression of RELA or AKT1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of DHJSD on the levels of ACP5, CTSK and RANK. Meanwhile, knocking down RELA partially reversed the effect of AKT1 on the effect of DHJSD. CONCLUSION DHJSD inhibits the activity of osteoclasts in ONFH by inhibiting the RELA/AKT1 axis. This study further clarifies the potential specific mechanism of DHJSD to improve ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xing
- Department of Trauma Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Clinical Medicine Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Gansu Academy of TCMLanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- Department of Repair and Reconstruction Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yingshuan Zhang
- Clinical College of TCM, Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shenghua Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine Center of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCMLanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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Li S, Li Y, Jiang Z, Hu C, Gao Y, Zhou Q. Efficacy of total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae on the blood vessels and the bone graft in the induced membrane. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153995. [PMID: 35278899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. However, there are few basic and clinical studies on the effect of TFRD on induced membrane technique (Masquelet technique). PURPOSE This trial is to explore effects of TFRD on vascularization of the induced membrane, and mineralization of the bone graft in rats with femoral bone defects. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into high dose group (H-TFRD), medium dose group (M-TFRD), low dose group (L-TFRD) and control group (control). The segmental bone defects were established with 12 rats in per group. The polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer was implanted into the femoral bone defect of rats in the first-stage surgery. About 4 weeks after first-stage surgery, induced membranes of 6 rats in each group were selected. The blood vessels and angiogenesis-related factors in the induced membrane were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and masson staining, western blot, qPCR and immunohistostaining. The remaining rats in per group underwent second-stage surgery (bone grafting). Twelve weeks after the bone grafting, the bone tissues was examined by X-ray, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), HE staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the growth of the bone graft. Meanwhile, the TFRD-containing serum was collected from rats to culture osteoblasts in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method, Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect effects of TFRD on the osteoblasts' proliferation and BMP-SMAD signaling pathway. RESULTS Compared with the L-TFRD and control groups, the number of blood vessels and the expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF, TGF-β1, BMP-2, PDGF-BB and CD31) were higher in the H-TFRD and M-TFRD groups. The Lane-Sandhu X-ray score, bone mass and growth rate of the bone graft in the H-TFRD and M-TFRD groups were significantly better than those in the L-TFRD and control groups. In addition, medium and high doses of TFRD significantly increased the expression of BMP-SMAD pathway proteins (BMP-2, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5 and RUNX2) in rat serum and bone graft. In vitro, after osteoblasts were intervened with TFRD-containing serum from the H-TFRD and M-TFRD groups, the cell viability, the number of mineralized nodules and the phosphorylation of BMP-SMAD pathway proteins were markedly increased. CONCLUSION TFRD could promote the formation of blood vessels and the expression of angiogenesis-related factors during the formation of the induced membrane. During the growing period of bone graft, it could facilitate the growth and mineralization of bone graft in a dose-dependent manner, which is partly related to the activation and phosphorylation of BMP-SMAD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Jiang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishi Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Lin L, Fu P, Chen N, Gao N, Cao Q, Yue K, Xu T, Zhang C, Zhang C, Liu F, Wang X, Huang S. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae protect hepatocytes against aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in broiler chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113148. [PMID: 34995912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin in food and in the environment that lead to multi-organ injury in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the detoxification properties of dietary total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese herbal, on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatic oxidative damage and apoptosis of liver of broiler chickens. A total of 160 healthy specific pathogen free (SPF) 21-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups, including the CON group (basal diet), TFRD group (basal diet with 125 mg/kg TFRD), AFB1 group (100 μg/kg body weight), and AFB1 (100 μg/kg body weight) + TFRD (basal diet with 125 mg/kg TFRD) group. The exposure of AFB1 continued for seven days. The results showed that TFRD treatment alleviated the abnormal changes of growth performance and liver morphology, reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Moreover, TFRD promoted the antioxidant capacity of serum, increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05), while decreased MDA contents (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation of TFRD significantly increased the expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, GST, and GPX1) in liver (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that AFB1 was involved in the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to hepatocyte apoptosis. At the same time, TFRD treatment inhibited AFB1-induced apoptosis and significantly changed mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes, including PI3K, AKT, Bax, and Bcl-2 (p < 0.05). The results indicated that TFRD could alleviate AFB1-induced liver injury in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Pengfei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Nuoman Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Ningyu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Qinqin Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Ke Yue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Tingting Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Chaodong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Livestock Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China.
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12
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Zhu W, Zhang F, Lu J, Ma C, Shen L, Hu D, Xu X, Shuai B. The analysis of Modified Qing' E Formula on the differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in the femoral head bone tissue of mice with steroid-induced ischemic necrosis of femoral head. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954778. [PMID: 36034465 PMCID: PMC9399624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in the bone marrow tissue of Modified Qing' E Formula (MQEF) on steroid-induced ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (INFH) model. METHODS Steroid hormones were used to establish the INFH model and treated with MQEF. After successful modeling, femoral tissue exosomes were isolated for miRNA sequencing to obtain femoral tissue exosomal differential miRNAs. By GO analysis and KEGG analysis of the differential genes in both groups, the major exosomal miRNAs of MQEF exerting anti-INFH as well as the major signaling pathways were identified. Next, a quantitative metabolomic validation of MQEF with broad targeting was performed to obtain the main active components of MQEF and to perform biological analysis and signaling pathway prediction of the active components by network pharmacology. Finally, the sequencing results were validated by using RT-qPCR. The results of miRNA sequencing were verified by double examination of network pharmacology and RT-qPCR, and the exosomal miRNAs regulated by the anti-INFH effect of MQEF and the specific signaling pathway of the effect were clarified. RESULTS A total of 65,389 target genes were predicted in the exosomes of two groups of mice, and 18 significant differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained, of which 14 were up-regulated and 4 down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that these predicted target genes were enriched in 12371 biological processes, 1727 cell components, and 4112 molecular functions. KEGG analysis showed that the predicted miRNA target genes were annotated to 342 signal pathways, in which the highly enriched pathways closely related to bone metabolism were PI3K-Akt signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, and Wnt signal pathway. The most significantly up-regulated miRNAs were miR-185-3p and miR-1b-5p and the most significantly down-regulated miRNAs were miR-129b-5p and miR-223-5p, of which the targeted genes were closely related to the PI3K-Akt signal pathway. MQEF aqueous decoction extract targeted metabolomics quantitatively combined with network pharmacology predicted targets also closely related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR validation showed that miR-185-3p was up-regulated 7.2-fold and miR-129b-5p was down-regulated 2.2-fold in the treatment group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MQEF can regulate exosomal miRNA expression in steroid-induced INFH models, miR-185-3p or miR-129b-5p/PI3K-Akt signal axis may be part of the mechanism of MQEF against steroid-induced INFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shuai,
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13
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Wang D, Liu Y, Tang D, Wei S, Sun J, Ruan L, He L, Li R, Ren Q, Tian X, Chen Y. Induction of PI3K/Akt-Mediated Apoptosis in Osteoclasts Is a Key Approach for Buxue Tongluo Pills to Treat Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729909. [PMID: 34912214 PMCID: PMC8667870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Buxue Tongluo pill (BTP) is a self-made pill with the functions of nourishing blood, promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, and relieving pain. It consists of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier), Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Various clinical practices have confirmed the therapeutic effect of BTP on osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but little attention has been paid to the study of its bioactive ingredients and related mechanisms of action. In this study, UPLC/MS-MS combined with GEO data mining was used to construct a bioactive ingredient library of BTP and a differentially expressed gene (DEG) library for ONFH. Subsequently, Cytoscape (3.7.2) software was used to analyze the protein-protein interaction between BTP and DEGs of ONFH to screen the key targets, and functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. Finally, 34 bioactive compounds were screened, which acted on 1,232 targets. A total of 178 DEGs were collected, and 17 key genes were obtained after two screenings. By bioinformatics annotation on these key genes, a total of 354 gene ontology (GO) functional annotation analyses and 42 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were obtained. The present study found that GO and KEGG enrichment were mainly related to apoptosis, suggesting that BTP may exert an anti-ONFH effect by promoting osteoclast apoptosis. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that BTP could increase the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induce remarkable apoptosis in osteoclasts. Furthermore, we determined the apoptosis marker of cleaved(C)-caspase-3, bcl-2, and bax and found that BTP could upregulate the C-caspase-3 and bax expression in osteoclasts and decrease the expression of bcl-2, p-Akt, and p-PI3K in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that BTP could induce PI3K/Akt-mediated apoptosis in osteoclasts to treat ONFH. This study explored the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of BTP against ONFH from the perspective of systemic pharmacology, laying a foundation for further elucidating the therapeutic effects of BTP against ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yicheng Liu
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Neijiang, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lvqiang Ruan
- Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Neijiang, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Tian
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Li S, Zhou H, Hu C, Yang J, Ye J, Zhou Y, Li Z, Chen L, Zhou Q. Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Promotes Differentiation of Osteoblasts and Growth of Bone Graft in Induced Membrane Partly by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675470. [PMID: 34122101 PMCID: PMC8188237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of fracture, bone defect, osteoporosis and other orthopedic diseases, and has achieved good effects. Purpose of this trial was to explore efficacy of TFRD on bone graft’s mineralization and osteoblasts’ differentiation in Masquelet induced membrane technique in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into high dose group (H-TFRD), middle dose group (M-TFRD), low dose group (L-TFRD) and control group (control). The critical size bone defect model of rats was established with 10 rats in each group. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer was implanted into the defect of right femur in rats. After the formation of the induced membrane, autogenous bone was implanted into the induced membrane. After 12 weeks of bone graft, bone tissues in the area of bone graft were examined by X-ray, Micro-CT, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining to evaluate the growth of the bone graft. The β-catenin, c-myc, COL1A1, BMP-2 and OPN in bone graft were quantitatively analyzed by Western blot and Immunohistostaining. Osteoblasts were cultured in the medium containing TFRD. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, Western blot, RT-PCR and other methods were used to detect the effects of TFRD on the proliferation of osteoblasts and the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the growth and mineralization of bone graft in TFRD group was better. Moreover, the expression of Wnt/β-catenin and osteogenesis-related proteins in bone tissue of TFRD group was more than that in other groups. In vitro experiments indicated that osteoblasts proliferated faster, activity of ALP was higher, number of mineralized nodules and proteins related to osteogenesis were more in TFRD group. But blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could limit these effects. Therefore, TFRD could promote mineralization of bone graft and differentiation of osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner during growing period of the bone graft of induced membrane technique, which is partly related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfei Ye
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zige Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishi Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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