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Heidari-Kalvani N, Alizadeh-Fanalou S, Yarahmadi S, Fallah S, Alipourfard I, Farahmandian N, Barjesteh F, Bahreini E. Investigation of the effects of catharanthine and Q10 on Nrf2 and its association with MMP-9, MRP1, and Bcl-2 and apoptosis in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2507-2522. [PMID: 37855932 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Since the role of Nrf2 in cancer cell survival has been highlighted, the pharmacological modulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway may provide new opportunities for cancer treatment. This study purposed to use ubiquinone (Q10) as an antioxidant and catharanthine alkaloid as a cAMP inducer suppressing HepG2 cells by reducing Nrf2 level. The effects of Q10 and catharanthine on HepG2 cells in terms of viability were analyzed by MTT test. MTT results were used to determine the effective concentration of both drugs for the subsequent treatment and analysis. Subsequently, the effects of Q10 and catharanthine in a single and combined manner on oxidant/antioxidant status, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance of HepG2 cells were investigated by related methods. Both Q10 and catharanthine decreased the level of oxidative stress products and increased antioxidant capacity in HepG2 cells. Nrf2 gene expression decreased by Q10, but catharanthine unexpectedly increased it. Following Nrf2 alterations, the expression levels of MMP-9 and MRP1 involved in metastasis and drug resistance were significantly and dose-dependently decreased by Q10, while catharanthine slightly increased both. However, both drugs increased caspase 3/7 activity and apoptosis rate, and the effect of Q10 on apoptosis was stronger than that of catharanthine. Most of the effects of the combination treatments were similar to those of the Q10 single treatment and indicated the dominant effect over the catharanthine component. Despite the antioxidant and apoptotic properties of both agents, Q10 was better than catharanthine in inducing apoptosis, counteracting drug resistance, and metastasis in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Heidari-Kalvani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sahar Yarahmadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sudabeh Fallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Navid Farahmandian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Barjesteh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tang D, Wang G, Liu Z, Zheng YC, Sheng C, Wang B, Hou X, Zhang YC, Yao M, Zhou Z. Bioinformatics Analysis and Verification of Metabolic Abnormalities in Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:273-283. [PMID: 37005515 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230331083724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, details of its pathogenesis remain unclear. Metabolic reprogramming is a main feature of EC. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially the decrease in mitochondrial complex I (MTCI), plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EC. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to analyze and validate the metabolic abnormalities and the role of MTCI in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS In this work, we collected transcriptomic data from 160 esophageal squamous carcinoma samples and 11 normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The OmicsBean and GEPIA2 were used to conduct an analysis of differential gene expression and survival in clinical samples. Rotenone was used to inhibit the MTCI activity. Subsequently, we detected lactate production, glucose uptake, and ATP production. RESULTS A total of 1710 genes were identified as being significantly differentially expressed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in various pathways related to carcinoma tumorigenesis and progression. Moreover, we further identified abnormalities in metabolic pathways, in particular, the significantly low expression of multiple subunits of MTCI genes (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5, and ND6). Rotenone was used to inhibit the MTCI activity of EC109 cells, and it was found that the decrease in MTCI activity promoted HIF1A expression, glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP production, and cell migration. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the occurrence of abnormal metabolism involving decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and increased glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which might be related to its development and degree of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Tang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zijia Liu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen Zheng
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sheng
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Biqi Wang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen Zhang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfei Yao
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Ren J, Zhao S, Lai J. Triptolide restrains the growth, invasion, stemness, and glycolysis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by PFKFB2-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14450. [PMID: 38230789 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) has been found to have anti-tumor effects. However, more potential molecular mechanisms of TP in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) deserve further investigation. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and stemness were detected by cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and sphere formation assay. Cell glycolysis was evaluated by corresponding assay kits. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2) expression was measured by western blot (WB), qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. PI3K/AKT pathway-related markers were determined by WB. Besides, xenograft tumor model was conducted to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of TP in NSCLC. Our results revealed that TP treatment suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, stemness, glycolysis, and enhanced apoptosis. PFKFB2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and its expression was decreased by TP. PFKFB2 knockdown restrained NSCLC cell functions, and its overexpression also eliminated TP-mediated NSCLC cell functions inhibition. TP decreased PFKFB2 expression to inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 also could reverse the promoting effect of PFKFB2 on NSCLC cell functions. In addition, TP suppressed NSCLC tumorigenesis by inhibiting PFKFB2/PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, TP exerted anti-tumor role in NSCLC, which was achieved by reducing PFKFB2 expression to inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Ren
- Nursing School, Hebi Polytechnic, Hebi, Henan, China
| | - Songwei Zhao
- Nursing School, Hebi Polytechnic, Hebi, Henan, China
| | - Junyu Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Campos M, Albrecht LV. Hitting the Sweet Spot: How Glucose Metabolism Is Orchestrated in Space and Time by Phosphofructokinase-1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 38201444 PMCID: PMC10778546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway across all kingdoms of life. Intensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding the tightly orchestrated processes of converting glucose into energy in health and disease. Our review highlights the advances in knowledge of how metabolic and gene networks are integrated through the precise spatiotemporal compartmentalization of rate-limiting enzymes. We provide an overview of technically innovative approaches that have been applied to study phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), which represents the fate-determining step of oxidative glucose metabolism. Specifically, we discuss fast-acting chemical biology and optogenetic tools that have delineated new links between metabolite fluxes and transcriptional reprogramming, which operate together to enact tissue-specific processes. Finally, we discuss how recent paradigm-shifting insights into the fundamental basis of glycolytic regulatory control have shed light on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and could provide insight into new therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Campos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Lauren V. Albrecht
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Shuvalov O, Kirdeeva Y, Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Simon HU, Barlev NA. Phytochemicals Target Multiple Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2012. [PMID: 38001865 PMCID: PMC10669507 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming is a complex process that provides malignant cells with selective advantages to grow and propagate in the hostile environment created by the immune surveillance of the human organism. This process underpins cancer proliferation, invasion, antioxidant defense, and resistance to anticancer immunity and therapeutics. Perhaps not surprisingly, metabolic rewiring is considered to be one of the "Hallmarks of cancer". Notably, this process often comprises various complementary and overlapping pathways. Today, it is well known that highly selective inhibition of only one of the pathways in a tumor cell often leads to a limited response and, subsequently, to the emergence of resistance. Therefore, to increase the overall effectiveness of antitumor drugs, it is advisable to use multitarget agents that can simultaneously suppress several key processes in the tumor cell. This review is focused on a group of plant-derived natural compounds that simultaneously target different pathways of cancer-associated metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, respiration, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. We discuss only those compounds that display inhibitory activity against several metabolic pathways as well as a number of important signaling pathways in cancer. Information about their pharmacokinetics in animals and humans is also presented. Taken together, a number of known plant-derived compounds may target multiple metabolic and signaling pathways in various malignancies, something that bears great potential for the further improvement of antineoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Yulia Kirdeeva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Sergey Parfenyev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 20000, Kazakhstan
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Hu KF, Shu CW, Lee CH, Tseng CJ, Chou YH, Liu PF. Comparative clinical significance and biological roles of PFKFB family members in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:257. [PMID: 37919747 PMCID: PMC10621127 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells promote glycolysis, which supports rapid cell growth and proliferation. Phosphofructokinase-fructose bisphosphatases (PFKFBs), a family of bidirectional glycolytic enzymes, play key roles in the regulation of glycolysis in many types of cancer. However, their roles in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common type of oral cancer, are still unknown. METHODS We compared the gene expression levels of PFKFB family members and analyzed their clinical significance in oral cancer patients, whose clinical data were obtained the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, assays for cell viability, cell cycle, cell migration and viability of cell spheroid were performed in scramble and PFKFB-silenced cells. RESULTS We discovered that PFKFB3 expression in tumor tissues was slightly higher than that in tumor adjacent normal tissues but that PFKFB4 expression was significantly higher in the tumor tissues of oral cancer patients. High PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 expression had different effects on the prognosis of oral cancer patients with different clinicopathological outcomes. Our data showed that PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 play different roles; PFKFB3 is involved in cell viability, G2/M cell cycle progression, invasion, and migration, whereas PFKFB4 is involved in the drug resistance and cancer stemness of OSCC cells. Furthermore, oral cancer patients with co-expressions of PFKFB3/cell cycle or EMT markers and PFKFB4/stemness markers had poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 play different biological roles in OSCC cells, which implying that they might be potential prognostic biomarkers for OSCC patients with certain clinicopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Dentistry, Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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Nogales JMS, Parras J, Zazo S. DDQN-based optimal targeted therapy with reversible inhibitors to combat the Warburg effect. Math Biosci 2023; 363:109044. [PMID: 37414271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
We cover the Warburg effect with a three-component evolutionary model, where each component represents a different metabolic strategy. In this context, a scenario involving cells expressing three different phenotypes is presented. One tumour phenotype exhibits glycolytic metabolism through glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Lactate is used by a second malignant phenotype to proliferate. The third phenotype represents healthy cells, which performs oxidative phosphorylation. The purpose of this model is to gain a better understanding of the metabolic alterations associated with the Warburg effect. It is suitable to reproduce some of the clinical trials obtained in colorectal cancer and other even more aggressive tumours. It shows that lactate is an indicator of poor prognosis, since it favours the setting of polymorphic tumour equilibria that complicates its treatment. This model is also used to train a reinforcement learning algorithm, known as Double Deep Q-networks, in order to provide the first optimal targeted therapy based on experimental tumour growth inhibitors as genistein and AR-C155858. Our in silico solution includes the optimal therapy for all the tumour state space and also ensures the best possible quality of life for the patients, by considering the duration of treatment, the use of low-dose medications and the existence of possible contraindications. Optimal therapies obtained with Double Deep Q-networks are validated with the solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Sanz Nogales
- Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Parras
- Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Zazo
- Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Malik S, Brudzyńska P, Khan MR, Sytar O, Makhzoum A, Sionkowska A. Natural Plant-Derived Compounds in Food and Cosmetics: A Paradigm of Shikonin and Its Derivatives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4377. [PMID: 37374560 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin and its derivatives are the natural naphthoquinone compounds produced in the roots of the Boraginaceae family. These red pigments have been used for a long time in coloring silk, as food colorants, and in the Chinese traditional system of medicines The resurgence of public interest in natural and plant-based products has led to this category of compounds being in high demand due to their wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory ones. Different researchers worldwide have reported various applications of shikonin derivatives in the area of pharmacology. Nevertheless, the use of these compounds in the food and cosmetics fields needs to be explored more in order to make them available for commercial utilization in various food industries as a packaging material and to enhance their shelf life without any side effects. Similarly, the antioxidant properties and skin whitening effects of these bioactive molecules may be used successfully in various cosmetic formulations. The present review delves into the updated knowledge on the various properties of shikonin derivatives in relation to food and cosmetics. The pharmacological effects of these bioactive compounds are also highlighted. Based on various studies, it can be concluded that these natural bioactive molecules have potential to be used in different sectors, including functional food, food additives, skin, health care, and to cure various diseases. Further research is required for the sustainable production of these compounds with minimum disturbances to the environment and in order to make them available in the market at an economic price. Simultaneous studies utilizing recent techniques in computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and artificial intelligence in laboratory and clinical trials would further help in making these potential candidates promising alternative natural bioactive therapeutics with multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Malik
- Laboratory of Woody Plants and Crops Biology (LBLGC), University of Orleans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Patrycja Brudzyńska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Muhammad Rehan Khan
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Sciences and Technology, Palapye 10071, Botswana
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Duan ZP, Yu XJ, Wei HL. Circular RNA Sec61 subunit alpha isoform 1 by competitive absorption of microRNA-513a-5p mediates peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 expression and promotes the malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 39:326-336. [PMID: 36567627 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are functional RNAs in the development and metabolism of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therein, this paper particularly elucidated the circRNA SEC61 subunit alpha isoform 1 (circSEC61A1) in NSCLC has not been fully elucidated. Clinical analysis of circSEC61A1 expression was performed on specimens collected from 51 patients with primary NSCLC, together with patients' survival. Cell experiments were performed after interfering with circSEC61A1, microRNA (miR)-513a-5p, and peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) expression, respectively, and cell malignant phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis were evaluated, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Xenografts experiments studied the performance of circSEC61A1 in vivo. The downstream molecules of circSEC61A1 were searched. Our data demonstrated that circSEC61A1 was upregulated in NSCLC patients, showing an association with poorer survival outcomes. In cell experiments, circSEC61A1 overexpression promoted NSCLC malignant phenotypes, glycolysis, EMT, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, whereas circSEC61A1 underexpression did the opposite. Knockdown of circSEC61A1 limited tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, circSEC61A1 could regulate PEX5 expression through competitive absorption of miR-513a-5p. Generally, circSEC61A1 is a potential biomarker for NSCLC, and circSEC61A1 serves tumor-promoting action in the progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ping Duan
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua-Lin Wei
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Xu JQ, Fu YL, Zhang J, Zhang KY, Ma J, Tang JY, Zhang ZW, Zhou ZY. Targeting glycolysis in non-small cell lung cancer: Promises and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1037341. [PMID: 36532721 PMCID: PMC9748442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbance, particularly of glucose metabolism, is a hallmark of tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer cells tend to reprogram a majority of glucose metabolism reactions into glycolysis, even in oxygen-rich environments. Although glycolysis is not an efficient means of ATP production compared to oxidative phosphorylation, the inhibition of tumor glycolysis directly impedes cell survival and growth. This review focuses on research advances in glycolysis in NSCLC and systematically provides an overview of the key enzymes, biomarkers, non-coding RNAs, and signaling pathways that modulate the glycolysis process and, consequently, tumor growth and metastasis in NSCLC. Current medications, therapeutic approaches, and natural products that affect glycolysis in NSCLC are also summarized. We found that the identification of appropriate targets and biomarkers in glycolysis, specifically for NSCLC treatment, is still a challenge at present. However, LDHB, PDK1, MCT2, GLUT1, and PFKM might be promising targets in the treatment of NSCLC or its specific subtypes, and DPPA4, NQO1, GAPDH/MT-CO1, PGC-1α, OTUB2, ISLR, Barx2, OTUB2, and RFP180 might be prognostic predictors of NSCLC. In addition, natural products may serve as promising therapeutic approaches targeting multiple steps in glycolysis metabolism, since natural products always present multi-target properties. The development of metabolic intervention that targets glycolysis, alone or in combination with current therapy, is a potential therapeutic approach in NSCLC treatment. The aim of this review is to describe research patterns and interests concerning the metabolic treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Li Fu
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen (Fu Tian) Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yu Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen (Fu Tian) Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR, Pradhan M. Nano-constructs targeting the primary cellular energy source of cancer cells for modulating tumor progression. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Cui Y, Li C, Sang F, Cao W, Qin Z, Zhang P. Natural products targeting glycolytic signaling pathways-an updated review on anti-cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035882. [PMID: 36339566 PMCID: PMC9631946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is a complex metabolic process that occurs to convert glucose into pyruvate to produce energy for living cells. Normal cells oxidized pyruvate into adenosine triphosphate and carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen in mitochondria while cancer cells preferentially metabolize pyruvate to lactate even in the presence of oxygen in order to maintain a slightly acidic micro-environment of PH 6.5 and 6.9, which is beneficial for cancer cell growth and metastasis. Therefore targeting glycolytic signaling pathways provided new strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Natural products are important sources for the treatment of diseases with a variety of pharmacologic activities. Accumulated studies suggested that natural products exhibited remarkable anti-cancer properties both in vitro and in vivo. Plenty of studies suggested natural products like flavonoids, terpenoids and quinones played anti-cancer properties via inhibiting glucose metabolism targets in glycolytic pathways. This study provided an updated overview of natural products controlling glycolytic pathways, which also provide insight into druggable mediators discovery targeting cancer glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Weiling Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Weiling Cao, ; Zhuo Qin, ; Peng Zhang,
| | - Zhuo Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Weiling Cao, ; Zhuo Qin, ; Peng Zhang,
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Weiling Cao, ; Zhuo Qin, ; Peng Zhang,
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Radha G, Naik PK, Lopus M. In vitro characterization and molecular dynamic simulation of shikonin as a tubulin-targeted anticancer agent. Comput Biol Med 2022; 147:105789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lohberger B, Glänzer D, Kaltenegger H, Eck N, Leithner A, Bauer R, Kretschmer N, Steinecker-Frohnwieser B. Shikonin derivatives cause apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human chondrosarcoma cells via death receptors and MAPK regulation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:758. [PMID: 35820864 PMCID: PMC9275282 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor, treatment options are limited due to its extensive resistance to a chemo- and radiation therapy. Since shikonin has shown potent anticancer activity in various types of cancer cells, it represents a promising compound for the development of a new therapeutic approach. Methods The dose-relationships of shikonin and its derivatives acetylshikonin and cyclopropylshikonin on two human chondrosarcoma cell lines were measured using the CellTiter-Glo®. The changes in the cell cycle were presented by flow cytometry. Protein phosphorylation and expression apoptotic markers, MAPKs and their downstream targets were analyzed using western blotting and gene expression were evaluated using RT-qPCR. Results Chondrosarcoma cells showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability after treatment with shikonin and its derivatives, with the strongest effect for shikonin and IC50 values of 1.3 ± 0.2 µM. Flow cytometric measurements revealed a G2/M arrest of the cells after treatment. Protein and gene expression analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent downregulation of survivin and XIAP, and an upregulation of Noxa, γH2AX, cleaved caspase-8, -9, -3, and -PARP. Furthermore, the expression of various death receptors was modulated. As MAPK signaling pathways play a key role in tumor biology, their phosphorylation pattern and their corresponding downstream gene regulation were analyzed. Treatment with shikonin derivatives caused an inhibition of pSTAT3 and an increase of pAKT and the MAPKs pERK, pJNK, and pp38 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions These data demonstrated the significant anti-tumorigenic effect of shikonin derivatives in chondrosarcoma and encourage further research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09857-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria.
| | - Dietmar Glänzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Heike Kaltenegger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Role of Plant-Derived Active Constituents in Cancer Treatment and Their Mechanisms of Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081326. [PMID: 35456005 PMCID: PMC9031068 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant technological advancements in conventional therapies, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in the control and treatment of cancer, several limitations still exist, and there is scope for further advancements. Several adverse effects are associated with modern chemotherapy that hinder cancer treatment and lead to other critical disorders. Since ancient times, plant-based medicines have been employed in clinical practice and have yielded good results with few side effects. The modern research system and advanced screening techniques for plants’ bioactive constituents have enabled phytochemical discovery for the prevention and treatment of challenging diseases such as cancer. Phytochemicals such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, curcumin, colchicine, and lycopene have shown promising anticancer effects. Discovery of more plant-derived bioactive compounds should be encouraged via the exploitation of advanced and innovative research techniques, to prevent and treat advanced-stage cancers without causing significant adverse effects. This review highlights numerous plant-derived bioactive molecules that have shown potential as anticancer agents and their probable mechanisms of action and provides an overview of in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies on anticancer phytochemicals.
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Lohberger B, Kaltenegger H, Eck N, Glänzer D, Sadoghi P, Leithner A, Bauer R, Kretschmer N, Steinecker-Frohnwieser B. Shikonin Derivatives Inhibit Inflammation Processes and Modulate MAPK Signaling in Human Healthy and Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063396. [PMID: 35328817 PMCID: PMC8955849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage. To develop new therapeutic approaches, we investigated the effect of shikonin derivatives on inflammation, MMP expression, and the regulation of MAPK signaling in human healthy (HC) and OA chondrocytes (pCH-OA). Viability was analyzed using the CellTiter-Glo® Assay. Inflammatory processes were investigated using a proteome profiler™ assay. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of the shikonin derivatives by protein expression analysis of the phosphorylation pattern and the corresponding downstream gene regulation using RT-qPCR. Both HC and pCH-OA showed a dose-dependent decrease in viability after treatment. The strongest effects were found for shikonin with IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.1 µM. Shikonin counteracts the inflammatory response by massively reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators. The phosphorylation level of ERK changed slightly. pJNK and pp38 showed a significant increase, and the downstream targets c/EBPs and MEF2c may play a role in the cartilage homeostasis. STAT3 phosphorylation decreased significantly and has a chondroprotective function through the regulation of cyclin D1 and Sox9. Our results demonstrate for the first time that shikonin derivatives have extensive effects on the inflammatory processes, MAPKs, and IL6/STAT3 downstream regulation in healthy and OA chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.L.); (H.K.); (N.E.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstr. 8, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Heike Kaltenegger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.L.); (H.K.); (N.E.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.L.); (H.K.); (N.E.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (A.L.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Thorerstraße 26, 5760 Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Dietmar Glänzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.L.); (H.K.); (N.E.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (A.L.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Thorerstraße 26, 5760 Saalfelden, Austria
| | - Patrick Sadoghi
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.L.); (H.K.); (N.E.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.L.); (H.K.); (N.E.); (D.G.); (P.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstr. 8, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nadine Kretschmer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstr. 8, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.B.); (N.K.)
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Wang Q, Wang J, Wang J, Ju X, Zhang H. Molecular mechanism of shikonin inhibiting tumor growth and potential application in cancer treatment. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1077-1084. [PMID: 34956612 PMCID: PMC8692723 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin is one of the major bioactive components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. It has a good killing effect in a variety of tumor cells. Its antitumor effect involves multiple targets and pathways and has received extensive attention and study in recent years. In this review, we systematically review recent progress in determining the antitumor mechanism of shikonin and its derivatives, specifically their induction of reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of EGFR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation, inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis and necroptosis. We also discuss the application of nanoparticles loaded with shikonin in the targeted therapy of various cancers. Finally, we suggest new strategies for the clinical application of shikonin and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Jiayou Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Ju
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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