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Chen DY, Tzang CC, Liu CM, Chiu TM, Lin JW, Chuang PH, Kuo CW, Tzang BS, Hsu TC. Effect of the Functional VP1 Unique Region of Human Parvovirus B19 in Causing Skin Fibrosis of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15294. [PMID: 37894973 PMCID: PMC10607574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a single-stranded non-enveloped DNA virus of the family Parvoviridae that has been associated with various autoimmune disorders. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder with high mortality and has been linked to B19V infection. However, the precise mechanism underlying the B19V contribution to the development of SSc remains uncertain. This study investigated the impacts of the functional B19V-VP1 unique region (VP1u) in macrophages and bleomycin (BLE)-induced SSc mice. Cell experimental data showed that significantly decreased viability and migration of both B19V-VP1u-treated U937 and THP-1 macrophages are detected in the presence of celastrol. Significantly increased MMP9 activity and elevated NF-kB, MMP9, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β expressions were detected in both B19V-VP1u-treated U937 and THP-1 macrophages. Conversely, celastrol revealed an inhibitory effect on these molecules. Notably, celastrol intervened in this pathogenic process by suppressing the sPLA2 activity of B19V-VP1u and subsequently reducing the inflammatory response. Notably, the administration of B19V-VP1u exacerbated BLE-induced skin fibrosis in mice, with augmented expressions of TGF-β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-18, and TNF-α, ultimately leading to α-SMA and collagen I deposits in the dermal regions of BLE-induced SSc mice. Altogether, this study sheds light on parvovirus B19 VP1u linked to scleroderma and aggravated dermal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Tzang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chuan-Ming Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Tsu-Man Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
- Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Wei Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Pei-Hua Chuang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Chia-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (C.-M.L.); (T.-M.C.); (J.-W.L.); (P.-H.C.); (C.-W.K.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Suzuki H, Noguchi T, Matsugu N, Suzuki A, Kimura S, Onishi M, Kosaka M, Miyazato P, Morita E, Ebina H. Safety and immunogenicity of parvovirus B19 virus-like particle vaccine lacking phospholipase A2 activity. Vaccine 2022; 40:6100-6106. [PMID: 36114131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19) belongs to the Erythroparvovirus genus and is known to cause the fifth disease in children. Primary infection of pregnant women is associated with a high risk of hydrops fetalis and stillbirth due to severe fetal anemia. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates for B19 have been developed, although none have been approved so far. The B19 phospholipase A2 domain (B19 PLA2), located in the VP1 unique region, is believed to be associated with adverse inflammatory reactions, and previous effective attempts to improve this vaccine modality inserted a mutation to impair the PLA2 activity of VLPs. In this study, we designed VLPs with a deletion mutant of PLA2 (⊿PLA2 B19 VLP), devoid of PLA2 activity, and confirmed their immunogenicity and safe use in vivo. These results were supported by the lack of histological inflammatory reactions at the site of immunization or the production of IL-6 in ⊿PLA2 B19 VLP-immunized mice, that were observed in mice immunized with B19 VLPs. CD4+ T cells from mice vaccinated with VLPs and B19-seropositive human samples were not activated by B19 PLA2 stimulation, suggesting that the B19 PLA2 domain does not constitute a major CD4+ T cell epitope. Most importantly, the ⊿PLA2 B19 VLPs induced neutralizing antibodies against B19, in levels similar to those found in B19-seropositive human samples, indicating that they could be used as a safe and effective vaccine candidate against B19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Noguchi
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsugu
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sakika Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Misa Onishi
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kosaka
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paola Miyazato
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ebina
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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