|
1
|
Shuwen H, Miao D, Quan Q, Wei W, Zhongshan Z, Chun Z, Xi Y. Protective effect of the "food-microorganism-SCFAs" axis on colorectal cancer: from basic research to practical application. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2169-2197. [PMID: 31401674 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota play a positive role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). AIMS This study aims to elucidate the "food-microorganism-SCFAs" axis and to provide guidance for prevention and intervention in CRC. METHODS The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched from their inceptions to August 2018, and 75 articles and 25 conference abstracts were included and analysed after identification and screening. RESULTS The concentrations of SCFAs in CRC patients and individuals with a high risk of CRC were higher than those in healthy individuals. The protective mechanism of SCFAs against CRC has been described in three aspects: epigenetics, immunology and molecular signalling pathways. Many food and plant extracts that were fermented by microorganisms produced SCFAs that play positive roles with preventive and therapeutic effects on CRC. The "food-microorganism-SCFAs" axis was constructed by summarizing the pertinent literature. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the basic research and practical application of SCFAs by assessing the protective effect of SCFAs on CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No.198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Da Miao
- Medical College of Nursing, Huzhou University, No. 759, Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Quan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No.198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Digestive System, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Zhongshan
- Department of Medicine, Huzhou University, No. 759, Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhang Chun
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Intervention and Radiotherapy, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 198 Hongqi Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Cellular Effects of Butyrate on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells are Mediated through Disparate Actions on Dual Targets, Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Activity and PI3K/Akt Signaling Network. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122902. [PMID: 31197106 PMCID: PMC6628026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a characteristic feature of cardiovascular diseases. Altered cellular processes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial component in vascular remodeling. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), butyrate, arrests VSMC proliferation and promotes cell growth. The objective of the study is to determine the mechanism of butyrate-induced VSMC growth. Using proliferating VSMCs exposed to 5 mM butyrate, immunoblotting studies are performed to determine whether PI3K/Akt pathway that regulates different cellular effects is a target of butyrate-induced VSMC growth. Butyrate inhibits phosphorylation-dependent activation of PI3K, PDK1, and Akt, eliciting differential effects on downstream targets of Akt. Along with previously reported Ser9 phosphorylation-mediated GSK3 inactivation leading to stability, increased expression and accumulation of cyclin D1, and epigenetic histone modifications, inactivation of Akt by butyrate results in: transcriptional activation of FOXO1 and FOXO3 promoting G1 arrest through p21Cip1/Waf1 and p15INK4B upregulation; inactivation of mTOR inhibiting activation of its targets p70S6K and 4E-BP1 impeding protein synthesis; inhibition of caspase 3 cleavage and downregulation of PARP preventing apoptosis. Our findings imply butyrate abrogates Akt activation, causing differential effects on Akt targets promoting convergence of cross-talk between their complimentary actions leading to VSMC growth by arresting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through its effect on dual targets, HDAC activity and PI3K/Akt pathway network.
Collapse
|