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Liehr T, Ziegler M, Person L, Kankel S, Padutsch N, Weise A, Weimer JP, Williams H, Ferreira S, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Small supernumerary marker chromosomes derived from human chromosome 11. Front Genet 2023; 14:1293652. [PMID: 38174048 PMCID: PMC10763568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1293652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With only 39 reported cases in the literature, carriers of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 11 represent an extremely rare cytogenomic condition. Methods: Herein, we present a review of reported sSMC(11), add 18 previously unpublished cases, and closely review eight cases classified as 'centromere-near partial trisomy 11' and a further four suited cases from DECIPHER. Results and discussion: Based on these data, we deduced the borders of the pericentric regions associated with clinical symptoms into a range of 2.63 and 0.96 Mb for chromosome 11 short (p) and long (q) arms, respectively. In addition, the minimal pericentric region of chromosome 11 without triplo-sensitive genes was narrowed to positions 47.68 and 60.52 Mb (GRCh37). Furthermore, there are apparent differences in the presentation of signs and symptoms in carriers of larger sSMCs derived from chromosome 11 when the partial trisomy is derived from different chromosome arms. However, the number of informative sSMC(11) cases remains low, with overlapping presentation between p- and q-arm-imbalances. In addition, uniparental disomy (UPD) of 'normal' chromosome 11 needs to be considered in the evaluation of sSMC(11) carriers, as imprinting may be an influencing factor, although no such cases have been reported. Comprehensively, prenatal sSMC(11) cases remain a diagnostic and prognostic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Monika Ziegler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Luisa Person
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kankel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Padutsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Paul Weimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susana Ferreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, CACC, iCBR/CIMAGO, CIBB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana B. Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, CACC, iCBR/CIMAGO, CIBB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, CACC, iCBR/CIMAGO, CIBB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Liehr T, Williams HE, Ziegler M, Kankel S, Padutsch N, Al-Rikabi A. Small supernumerary marker chromosomes derived from chromosome 14 and/or 22. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:13. [PMID: 33632263 PMCID: PMC7908736 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are additional derivative chromosomes present in an otherwise numerically and structurally normal karyotype. They may derive from each of the 24 human chromosomes, and most contain a normal centromeric region with an alphoid sequence from a single chromosome. The majority of human chromosomes have a unique centromeric DNA-sequence enabling their indubitable characterization. However, chromosomes 14 and 22 share a common centromeric sequence D14/22Z1, and sSMCs with this DNA-stretch can derive from either chromosome. Euchromatin-carrying sSMCs(14 or 22) may be further characterized by molecular cytogenetics. However, in most diagnostic laboratories, heterochromatic sSMCs cannot be differentiated between chromosomes 14 or 22 derivation and are often reported as der(14 or 22). Still, heterochromatic sSMC(14 or 22) can be distinguished from each other using the D22Z4 probe (non-commercial) localized to 22p11.2. Herein, 355 sSMC(14 or 22) analyzed in the authors’ laboratory during the last ~ 20 years are summarized to address the questions: (1) What are the true frequencies of chromosome 14- and chromosome 22- derived sSMCs within D14/22Z1-positive cases? (2) Does sub-characterization of sSMC(14) and sSMC(22) make a difference in routine diagnostics? These questions could be answered as follows: (ad 1) within the studied group of sSMCs ~ 40% are derived from chromosome 14 and ~ 60% from chromosome 22; (ad 2) the knowledge on exact sSMC origin can help to save costs in routine diagnostics; i.e. in a clinically abnormal person with sSMC(14) a test for uniparental disomy is indicated, which is not necessary if a chromosome 22 origin for the sSMC was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Heather E Williams
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monika Ziegler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kankel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Padutsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Sun M, Zhang H, Li G, Guy CJ, Wang X, Lu X, Gong F, Lee J, Hassed S, Li S. Molecular characterization of 20 small supernumerary marker chromosome cases using array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10395. [PMID: 28871159 PMCID: PMC5583289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC)-related phenotype is determined by the molecular component, the size, and shape of the marker chromosome. As fluorescence in situ hybridization has limitations regarding the resolution, efficiency, and accuracy. Recently, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was used for sSMC characterization. In this study, twenty cases with sSMCs were characterized by aCGH and FISH. Chromosomal origin of the marker chromosomes were successfully identified in seventeen of them. For the three cases with negative aCGH results, two of them were more likely due to that the sSMCs only contained centromere heterochromatin, whereas the reason for the remaining case with negative aCGH finding was uncertain. In order to establish a stronger genotype-phenotype correlation for clinical service in the future and avoid miss characterization, more sSMC cases were needed to be detailed characterized. This will help to clarify the variable clinical characteristics of sSMCs and provide additional information to aid clinical service and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingran Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anshan Hospital, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan City, Liaoning, 114000, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Carrie J Guy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Fangchao Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Susan Hassed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Abstract
Centromere-near gain of copy number can be induced by intra- or inter-chromosomal rearrangements or by the presence of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC). Interestingly, partial trisomy to hexasomy of euchromatic material may be present in clinically healthy or affected individuals, depending on origin and size of chromosomal material involved. Here we report the known minimal sizes of all centromere-near, i.e., proximal auto-somal regions in humans, which are tolerated; over 100 Mb of coding DNA are comprised in these regions. Additionally, we have summarized the typical symptoms for nine proximal autosomal regions including genes obviously sensitive to copy numbers. Overall, studying the carriers of specific chromosomal imbalances using genomics-based medicine, combined with single cell analysis can provide the genotype-phenotype correlations and can also give hints where copy-number-sensitive genes are located in the human genome.
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Liehr T, Klein E, Mrasek K, Kosyakova N, Guilherme R, Aust N, Venner C, Weise A, Hamid A. Clinical Impact of Somatic Mosaicism in Cases with Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 139:158-63. [DOI: 10.1159/000346026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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