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Chen X, Chen C, Luo C, Liu J, Lin Z. Discovery of UMI-77 as a novel Ku70/80 inhibitor sensitizing cancer cells to DNA damaging agents in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176647. [PMID: 38754534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of chemoresistance poses a significant challenge to the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents in cancer treatment, in part due to the inherent DNA repair capabilities of cancer cells. The Ku70/80 protein complex (Ku) plays a central role in double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair through the classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ) pathway, and has proven to be one of the most promising drug target for cancer treatment when combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In this study, we conducted a high-throughput screening of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the Ku complex by using a fluorescence polarization-based DNA binding assay. From a library of 11,745 small molecules, UMI-77 was identified as a potent Ku inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM. Surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking analyses revealed that UMI-77 directly bound the inner side of Ku ring, thereby disrupting Ku binding with DNA. In addition, UMI-77 also displayed potent inhibition against MUS81-EME1, a key player in homologous recombination (HR), demonstrating its potential for blocking both NHEJ- and HR-mediated DSB repair pathways. Further cell-based studies showed that UMI-77 could impair bleomycin-induced DNA damage repair, and significantly sensitized multiple cancer cell lines to the DNA-damaging agents. Finally, in a mouse xenograft tumor model, UMI-77 significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of etoposide with little adverse physiological effects. Our work offers a new avenue to combat chemoresistance in cancer treatment, and suggests that UMI-77 could be further developed as a promising candidate in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Changkun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chengmiao Luo
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhonghui Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Kyriazoglou A, Moutafi M, Zografos E, Konteles V, Sofianidis G, Mahaira L, Papakosta A, Tourkantoni N, Patereli A, Stefanaki K, Tzotzola V, Mpaka M, Polychronopoulou S, Dimitriadis E, Kattamis A. Expression of DNA Repair Genes in Ewing Sarcoma. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2024; 4:231-238. [PMID: 38707718 PMCID: PMC11062174 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background/Aim Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive mesenchymal malignancy commonly affecting children and young adolescents. The molecular basis of this neoplasia is well reported with the formation of the EWSR1/FLI1 fusion gene being the most common genetic finding. However, this fusion gene has not been targeted therapeutically nor is being used as a prognostic marker. Its relevance regarding the molecular steps leading to Ewing sarcoma genesis are yet to be defined. The generation of the oncogenic EWSR1/FLI1 fusion gene, can be attributed to the simultaneous introduction of two DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The scope of this study is to detect any association between DNA repair deficiency and the clinicopathological aspects of Ewing's sarcoma disease. Patients and Methods We have conducted an expression analysis of 35 patients diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma concerning the genes involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) repair pathways. We have analyzed the expression levels of 6 genes involved in NHEJ (XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6, POLλ, POLμ) and 9 genes involved in HR (RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, BRCA1, BRCA2, FANCC, FANCD, DNTM1, BRIT1) using real time PCR. Age, sex, location of primary tumor, tumor size, KI67, mitotic count, invasion of adjacent tissues and treatment were the clinicopathological parameters included in the statistical analysis. Results Our results show that both these DNA repair pathways are deregulated in Ewing sarcoma. In addition, low expression of the xrcc4 gene has been associated with better overall survival probability (p=0.032). Conclusion Our results, even though retrospective and in a small number of patients, highlight the importance of DSBs repair and propose a potential therapeutic target for this type of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Kyriazoglou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto Moutafi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Sofianidis
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Louisa Mahaira
- Department of Genetics, Aghios Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Natalia Tourkantoni
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital ERN-PaedCan Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Patereli
- Department of Pathology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Stefanaki
- Department of Pathology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tzotzola
- 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital ERN-PaedCan Center, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Mpaka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Panagiotis and Aglaia Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Polychronopoulou
- 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital ERN-PaedCan Center, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital ERN-PaedCan Center, Athens, Greece
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The Usefulness of Machine Learning-Based Evaluation of Clinical and Pretreatment [ 18F]-FDG-PET/CT Radiomic Features for Predicting Prognosis in Hypopharyngeal Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:303-313. [PMID: 35864282 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether the machine learning (ML) analyses using clinical and pretreatment 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography ([18F]-FDG-PET)-based radiomic features were useful for predicting prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. PROCEDURES This retrospective study included 100 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent [18F]-FDG-PET/X-ray computed tomography (CT) before treatment, and these patients were allocated to the training (n=80) and validation (n=20) cohorts. Eight clinical (age, sex, histology, T stage, N stage, M stage, UICC stage, and treatment) and 40 [18F]-FDG-PET-based radiomic features were used to predict disease progression. A feature reduction procedure based on the decrease of the Gini impurity was applied. Six ML algorithms (random forest, neural network, k-nearest neighbors, naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and support vector machine) were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The five most important features for predicting disease progression were UICC stage, N stage, gray level co-occurrence matrix entropy (GLCM_Entropy), gray level run length matrix run length non-uniformity (GLRLM_RLNU), and T stage. Patients who experienced disease progression displayed significantly higher UICC stage, N stage, GLCM_Entropy, GLRLM_RLNU, and T stage than those without progression (each, p<0.001). In both cohorts, the logistic regression model constructed by these 5 features was the best performing classifier (training: AUC=0.860, accuracy=0.800; validation: AUC=0.803, accuracy=0.700). In the logistic regression model, 5-year PFS was significantly higher in patients with predicted non-progression than those with predicted progression (75.8% vs. 8.3%, p<0.001), and this model was only the independent factor for PFS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 3.22; 95% confidence interval = 1.03-10.11; p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS The logistic regression model constructed by UICC, T and N stages and pretreatment [18F]-FDG-PET-based radiomic features, GLCM_Entropy, and GLRLM_RLNU may be the most important predictor of prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.
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DNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy and Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314672. [PMID: 36499000 PMCID: PMC9735783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy is a common event among cancer patients and a reason why new cancer therapies and therapeutic strategies need to be in continuous investigation and development. DNA damage response (DDR) comprises several pathways that eliminate DNA damage to maintain genomic stability and integrity, but different types of cancers are associated with DDR machinery defects. Many improvements have been made in recent years, providing several drugs and therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, including those targeting the DDR pathways. Currently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors) are the DDR inhibitors (DDRi) approved for several cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. However, PARPi resistance is a growing issue in clinical settings that increases disease relapse and aggravate patients' prognosis. Additionally, resistance to other DDRi is also being found and investigated. The resistance mechanisms to DDRi include reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, stabilization of the replication fork, and increased drug efflux. This review highlights the DDR pathways in cancer therapy, its role in the resistance to conventional treatments, and its exploitation for anticancer treatment. Biomarkers of treatment response, combination strategies with other anticancer agents, resistance mechanisms, and liabilities of treatment with DDR inhibitors are also discussed.
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Carlos-Reyes A, Muñiz-Lino MA, Romero-Garcia S, López-Camarillo C, Hernández-de la Cruz ON. Biological Adaptations of Tumor Cells to Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718636. [PMID: 34900673 PMCID: PMC8652287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been used worldwide for many decades as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of different types of cancer. Just over 50% of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy alone or with other types of antitumor therapy. Radiation can induce different types of cell damage: directly, it can induce DNA single- and double-strand breaks; indirectly, it can induce the formation of free radicals, which can interact with different components of cells, including the genome, promoting structural alterations. During treatment, radiosensitive tumor cells decrease their rate of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest stimulated by DNA damage. Then, DNA repair mechanisms are turned on to alleviate the damage, but cell death mechanisms are activated if damage persists and cannot be repaired. Interestingly, some cells can evade apoptosis because genome damage triggers the cellular overactivation of some DNA repair pathways. Additionally, some surviving cells exposed to radiation may have alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, enhancing different hallmarks of cancer, such as migration, invasion, and metastasis. The activation of these genetic pathways and other epigenetic and structural cellular changes in the irradiated cells and extracellular factors, such as the tumor microenvironment, is crucial in developing tumor radioresistance. The tumor microenvironment is largely responsible for the poor efficacy of antitumor therapy, tumor relapse, and poor prognosis observed in some patients. In this review, we describe strategies that tumor cells use to respond to radiation stress, adapt, and proliferate after radiotherapy, promoting the appearance of tumor radioresistance. Also, we discuss the clinical impact of radioresistance in patient outcomes. Knowledge of such cellular strategies could help the development of new clinical interventions, increasing the radiosensitization of tumor cells, improving the effectiveness of these therapies, and increasing the survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos A. Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico City
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Joshi JS, Vora HH, Ghosh NR, Tankshali RN, Jetly DH, Trivedi TI. Nonhomologous end joining repair pathway molecules as predictive biomarkers for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1031-1038. [PMID: 34528560 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_582_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is critical for the repair of either pathologic double-strand breaks (DSBs) and/or for the repair of physiologic DSBs created during radiotherapy to kill the tumor cell. Therefore, patients with higher expression of NHEJ repair proteins might develop resistance to ionizing radiation, allowing the disease to recur. As cancer of the oral cavity is a serious health problem globally, the present study aimed to examine the expression of Ku70/80, X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 (XRCC4) and DNA ligase IV-core molecules of the NHEJ pathway in patients with oral cancer. Materials and Methods Protein expression of Ku70/80, XRCC4, and DNA ligase IV were studied by Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression of Ku70 and Ku80 were studied using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS. Results A univariate survival analysis revealed an association of Ku70 mRNA with shorter overall survival (OS). While protein expression of XRCC4 showed an association with reduced relapse-free survival and shorter OS. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV are independent prognosticators for predicting adverse disease outcomes. Conclusion Strong expression of repair proteins - XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV is associated with unfavorable disease outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna S Joshi
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemangini H Vora
- Immunohematology Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nandita R Ghosh
- Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajen N Tankshali
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval H Jetly
- Department of Onco-Pathology, Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Trupti I Trivedi
- Clinical Carcinogenesis Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Hasegawa T, Someya M, Hori M, Tsuchiya T, Fukushima Y, Matsumoto Y, Sakata KI. Prediction of Results of Radiotherapy With Ku70 Expression and an Artificial Neural Network. In Vivo 2020; 34:2865-2872. [PMID: 32871826 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Accurate prediction of radiotherapy results is indispensable for the individualized selection of treatment modalities of cancer. We examined the application of the artificial neural network (ANN) model in predicting radiotherapy results using clinical factors and immunohistochemical staining of Ku70 as inputs. Patients and Methods: We analyzed 79 prostate cancer patients with localized adenocarcinoma treated with radiotherapy between August 2001 and October 2010. We also analyzed 46 hypopharyngeal cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy between March 2002 and December 2009. The properly trained ANN analysis using a standard feedforward, back-propagation neural network was used to predict the radiotherapy treatment results. Results: The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.939 for patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)+androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 0.803 for IMRT alone, and 0.960 for 3D-conformal radiotherapy (CRT) alone in prostate cancer. Sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 90.4% for IMRT+ADT, 75.0% and 88.5% for IMRT alone, and 92.3% and 100% for 3D-CRT alone. The AUC was 0.901 for hypopharyngeal cancer. Sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 88.2%, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated a possibility to predict the radiotherapy treatment results in prostate and hypopharyngeal cancer using ANN in combination with Ku70 expression and clinical factors as inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Someya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Fukushima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Sakata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Jeong MK, Yoo HS, Kang IC. The Extract of Cordyceps Militaris Inhibited the Proliferation of Cisplatin-Resistant A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Downregulation of H-Ras. J Med Food 2019; 22:823-832. [PMID: 31313945 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumor effect of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) on A549 cisplatin-resistant (CR) lung cancer cells. The proliferation of A549/CR cells was suppressed by CME. Apoptosis of the cells was induced by CME. The cell cycle arrest was observed in the sub-G1 phase in the cells treated with CME. Proteomic profile analysis showed that H-Ras was downregulated in CME-treated cells and it was confirmed by western blot analysis. Collectively, these data demonstrated that CME is an alternative treatment for the anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Jeong
- 1East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- 1East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kang
- 2Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Asan, Korea.,3BioChip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.,4Innopharmascreen, Inc., Incheon, Korea
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Kitagawa M, Someya M, Hasegawa T, Mikami T, Asaishi K, Hasegawa T, Matsumoto Y, Kutomi G, Takemasa I, Sakata KI. Influence of XRCC4 expression by breast cancer cells on ipsilateral recurrence after breast-conserving therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2019; 195:648-658. [PMID: 30997540 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-019-01468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the expression of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) proteins by breast cancer cells in patients with or without ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving therapy. We also investigated whether there was a difference of NHEJ-related protein expression by tumor cells between two types of IBTR, i.e., true recurrence (TR) with regrowth from the tumor bed or development of a new primary tumor (NP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The original cohort comprised 560 breast cancer patients who received breast-conserving therapy between February 1995 and March 2006, including 520 patients without IBTR and 40 patients with IBTR. Propensity score matching was employed to select 40 trios (120 patients) consisting of 1 patient with IBTR and 2 patients without IBTR. Immunohistochemical examination of proteins related to NHEJ was performed in surgical specimens. RESULTS The 40 patients with IBTR included 22 patients who developed TR and 18 who had NP. The 15-year overall survival rate was 85.9% for patients with NP and 95.5% for those with TR, while it was 96.5% for patients without IBTR. Patients with high XRCC4 expression in tumor cells had significantly higher IBTR rates than those with low XRCC4 expression (P < 0.001). The frequency of TR was significantly higher in patients with high expression of XRCC4 than in those with low XRCC4 expression (p < 0.001). XRCC4 expression by tumor cells was not significantly related to development of NP. CONCLUSION IBTR due to TR may be related to low radiosensitivity of tumor cells, possibly related to high XRCC4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kitagawa
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 060-8543, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masanori Someya
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 060-8543, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 060-8543, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mikami
- Sapporo-Kotoni Breast Clinic, 063-0812, Nishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Asaishi
- Sapporo-Kotoni Breast Clinic, 063-0812, Nishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 060-8543, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Institute of Innovative Research Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, N1-30 2‑12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 060-8543, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 060-8543, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Sakata
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 060-8543, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Zhuang L, Liu F, Peng P, Xiong H, Qiu H, Fu X, Xiao Z, Huang X. Effect of Ku80 on the radiosensitization of cisplatin in the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:147-154. [PMID: 29375707 PMCID: PMC5766065 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is the primary therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for cisplatin radiosensitization remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ku80, a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair protein, on cisplatin radiosensitization in cervical cancer. The pre-established Ku80 suppression cervical cancer cell line HeLa/Ku80-siRNA and the normal HeLa cell line underwent 6 MV X-ray irradiation (6 Gy) individually or in combination with 5 µg/ml cisplatin treatment. Alterations in apoptosis, the cell cycle and γH2AX expression were detected. Following irradiation individually and combined with cisplatin, compared with normal HeLa cells, HeLa/Ku80-siRNAexhibited an increased rate of apoptosis (P<0.05). It was identified that the earlier cisplatin was administered following irradiation, the higher the rate of apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis indicated that, following irradiation combined with cisplatin, the cells were arrested in G1 and S phase rather than in G2/M phase following irradiation alone. Microscopic imaging of immunofluorescence staining and western blotting identified that HeLa/Ku80-siRNA cells exhibited more γH2AX foci remaining following treatment with irradiation and cisplatin, particularly in the group treated with 6 Gy irradiation for 1 h together with 23 h of exposure to cisplatin. Irradiation in combination with cisplatin promoted the apoptosis of HeLa cells in association with the inhibition of Ku80, and it was identified that the earlier cisplatin was administered following irradiation, the more apoptosis was induced. This maybe because irradiation combined with cisplatin is able to arrest cells in G1 and S phase to rapidly repair damaged DNA, and the lack of Ku80 induces the inability to repair DSB, resulting in increased apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that Ku80 may be a potent molecular target in cisplatin radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhuang
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ping Peng
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiugen Fu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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The Role of the Core Non-Homologous End Joining Factors in Carcinogenesis and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070081. [PMID: 28684677 PMCID: PMC5532617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious DNA lesions that if left unrepaired or are misrepaired, potentially result in chromosomal aberrations, known drivers of carcinogenesis. Pathways that direct the repair of DSBs are traditionally believed to be guardians of the genome as they protect cells from genomic instability. The prominent DSB repair pathway in human cells is the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which mediates template-independent re-ligation of the broken DNA molecule and is active in all phases of the cell cycle. Its role as a guardian of the genome is supported by the fact that defects in NHEJ lead to increased sensitivity to agents that induce DSBs and an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, evidence from tumors and tumor cell lines has emerged that NHEJ also promotes chromosomal aberrations and genomic instability, particularly in cells that have a defect in one of the other DSB repair pathways. Collectively, the data present a conundrum: how can a single pathway both suppress and promote carcinogenesis? In this review, we will examine NHEJ's role as both a guardian and a disruptor of the genome and explain how underlying genetic context not only dictates whether NHEJ promotes or suppresses carcinogenesis, but also how it alters the response of tumors to conventional therapeutics.
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Hori M, Someya M, Matsumoto Y, Nakata K, Kitagawa M, Hasegawa T, Tsuchiya T, Fukushima Y, Gocho T, Sato Y, Ohnuma H, Kato J, Sugita S, Hasegawa T, Sakata KI. Influence of XRCC4 expression in esophageal cancer cells on the response to radiotherapy. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 50:25-33. [PMID: 27338590 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) is one of the most serious forms of damage induced by ionizing irradiation and is mainly repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. Immunohistochemical analysis of proteins involved in NHEJ, such as XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4), Ku86 and DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunits), may be useful for predicting tumor radiosensitivity. We examined 92 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ECSS) who were treated by radiotherapy between 1999 and 2008. Immunohistochemical examination of tumor tissue for Ki-67 and DSB-related proteins, including XRCC4, Ku86, and DNA-PKcs, was performed using pretreatment biopsy specimens. Low expression of XRCC4 was detected in 31 of 92 examined samples (33.7 %). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 67.7 % in the low expression group and 31.0 % in the high expression group (P = 0.00). Multivariate analysis confirmed that advanced T-stage (HR 3.24, P = 0.01), radiation dose less than 66 Gy (HR 2.23, P = 0.02), absence of systemic chemotherapy (HR 2.59, P = 0.05), and high expression of XRCC4 (HR 12.0, P = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors for predicting poor OS. Other DSB-related proteins and Ki-67 were not predictive factors. XRCC4 expression might have an influence on results of radiotherapy for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hori
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Masanori Someya
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Nakata
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mio Kitagawa
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukushima
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshio Gocho
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohnuma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Sakata
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Schoolo of Medicine, S1W16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan
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Influence of Ku86 and XRCC4 expression in uterine cervical cancer on the response to preoperative radiotherapy. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 49:210-216. [PMID: 26867665 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are severe damages induced by ionizing radiation. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a major mechanism for repairing DSB. Immunohistochemical analysis of proteins involved in NHEJ, such as Ku86 and XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4) may be useful for predicting tumor radiosensitivity. We examined the relationship between expression of DSB-related proteins in biopsy specimens of uterine cervical cancer and the pathological effect of 40 Gy of preoperative radiotherapy. 119 patients with uterine cervical cancer were treated between 2000 and 2011. Pathological effects of preoperative radiotherapy were classified by examining hysterectomy specimens. Patients with complete response (pCR) had a significantly better overall 5-year survival rate than those without pCR (96.3 vs. 76.9 %, P = 0.02). The pCR rate was significantly higher in patients with low Ku86 and XRCC4 expression than in other patients (47.4 vs. 21.3 %, P = 0.04). Logistic regression analysis also demonstrated that low Ku86 and XRCC4 expression was a significant predictor of pCR (P = 0.03). Patients with high Ku86 and XRCC4 expression had a significantly lower 5-year metastasis-free rate than others (79.3 vs. 93.5 %, P = 0.02). Proteins involved with NHEJ might have an influence on results of radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer.
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Zhu G, Cai G, Liu Y, Tan H, Yu C, Huang M, Wei M, Li S, Cui X, Huang D, Tian Y, Zhang X. Quantitative iTRAQ LC-MS/MS Proteomics Reveals Transcription Factor Crosstalk and Regulatory Networks in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2014; 5:525-36. [PMID: 24963357 PMCID: PMC4067512 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no effective therapeutic treatments have been developed for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), a disease that has a five-year survival rate of approximately 31% because of its late diagnosis and aggressive nature. Despite recent improvements in diagnostic methods, there are no effective measures to prevent or detect HPSCC in an early stage. The goal of the current study was to identify molecular biomarkers and networks that can facilitate the speedy identification of HPSCC patients who could benefit from individualized treatment. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling was employed with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify quantitatively the differentially expressed proteins among three types of HPSCC disease stages. The iTRAQ results were evaluated by literature searches and western blot analysis. For example, FUBP1, one of 412 proteins with significantly altered expression profiles, was confirmed to have elevated expression in fresh HPSCC tissues. Integrin-mediated cell matrix adhesion and actin filament-inducing cytoskeleton remodeling were the cellular events that were the most relevant to HPSCC tumorigenesis and the metastatic process. The construction of transcriptional regulation networks led to the identification of key transcriptional regulators of tumor development and lymph node metastasis of HPSCC, including Sp1, c-Myc and p53. Additionally, our study indicated that the interactions among Sp1, c-Myc and p53 may play vital roles in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of HPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcai Zhu
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Gengming Cai
- 3. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, first hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362002, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haolei Tan
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Changyun Yu
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Wei
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - She Li
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangning Cui
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yongquan Tian
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; 2. Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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Xu Y, Liu AJ, Gao YX, Hu MG, Zhao GD, Zhao ZM, Liu R. Expression of Ku86 and presence of Ku86 antibody as biomarkers of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:614-22. [PMID: 24271118 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disease and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Level of the 82-kDa ATP-dependent DNA helicase II (Ku86) increases in some tumors, but its clinical use as a marker for HCC is rare. AIMS To examine the relationship between increases in Ku86 and the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC to define the relationship between Ku86 and HCC. METHODS Expression of Ku86 in tumor tissue, para-tumor tissue, and normal tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry, and Ku86 antibody titers in patient serum collected pre- and post-operatively were measured by ELISA. Long-term survival of the patients was also monitored. RESULTS Ku86 staining in tumors was much stronger than in para-tumor and normal tissues. The expression of Ku86 was related to the tumor size, TNM stage, and tumor differentiation but not to gender, age, Child-Pugh score, tumor number, or α-fetoprotein levels. The long-term survival of patients with low Ku86 expression was longer. Patients with HCC had higher pre-operative Ku86 antibody levels. After surgical intervention, Ku86 antibody levels in patients with HCC declined significantly. Survival analysis showed that double-positive patients had the lowest survival rate, double-negative patients had the highest. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed no significant difference between the AFP and Ku86 antibody. Multivariate analysis showed that Ku86 protein and Ku86 antibodies were independent prognostic factors of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Ku86 and Ku86 antibodies are promising tumor markers for early detection and prognosis prediction of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100851, China
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