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Lee WJ, Jo JH, Jang SI, Jung EJ, Hwang JM, Bae JW, Ha JJ, Kim DH, Kwon WS. The natural flavonoid compound deguelin suppresses sperm (Sus Scrofa) functions through abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108426. [PMID: 37353039 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Deguelin is a natural flavonoid extracted from plants belonging to the Lonchocarpus, Derris, or Tephrosia genera. It inhibits AKT activity in tumors and has the potential to be used as a treatment for malignant tumors. However, the risks associated with the use of deguelin on male fertility have not yet been explained in detail. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of deguelin on sperm functions during capacitation. First, boar spermatozoa were exposed to different concentrations of deguelin (0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 μM). Next, sperm functional assessments, such as sperm motility, capacitation status, intracellular ATP level, and cell viability, were performed. The expression levels of PI3K/AKT-related proteins and the phosphorylation of their tyrosine residues were also evaluated by western blotting. No significant difference was observed in cell viability; however, deguelin considerably decreased sperm motility and motion kinematics in a dose-dependent manner. Although no significant difference was observed in the capacitation status, acrosome reaction decreased at high concentrations of deguelin (50 and 100 μM). Furthermore, intracellular ATP levels were significantly decreased in all deguelin treatment groups compared with those in the control group. Results of western blotting revealed that deguelin substantially diminished tyrosine phosphorylation. Interestingly, in contrast to previous studies showing that deguelin inhibits AKT activity, our results showed that it increased the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. Collectively, these findings indicate that deguelin exerts negative effects on sperm functions due to abnormal PI3K/AKT signaling activation. We believe that this is the first study to provide evidence that deguelin can regulate sperm functions independent of PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. Furthermore, its detrimental effects on male fertility should be considered while developing or using deguelin as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ik Jang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Ha
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36052, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36052, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Sung Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea; Research Center for Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, the Republic of Korea.
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Alfhili MA, Alsughayyir J. Metabolic exhaustion and casein kinase 1α drive deguelin-induced premature red blood cell death. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:445-453. [PMID: 37590011 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2248492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
1. Deguelin (DGN), a retinoid isolated from many plants, exhibits a potent anticancer activity against a wide spectrum of tumour cells. There is a dearth of evidence, however, regarding the toxicity of DGN to red blood cells (RBCs). This is relevant given the prevalent chemotherapy-associated anaemia observed in cancer patients.2. RBCs were exposed to 1-100 μM of DGN for 24 h at 37 °C. Haemolysis and related markers were photometrically measured while flow cytometry was employed to detect phosphatidylserine exposure through Annexin-V-FITC binding and light scatter properties. Additionally, cytosolic Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species were quantified using Fluo4/AM and H2DCFDA, respectively. DGN was also tested against specific signalling inhibitors in addition to vitamin C and ATP.3. DGN caused a significant increase in Annexin-V-positive cells which was accompanied by cell shrinkage without Ca2+ elevation or oxidative stress. DGN also elicited dose-responsive haemolysis which was ameliorated by preventing KCl efflux and in the presence of sucrose, D4476, and ATP. In whole blood, DGN significantly reduced the reticulocyte count and increased platelet distribution width and large cell count.4. DGN triggers premature RBC eryptosis and haemolysis through casein kinase 1α and ATP depletion, and exhibits a specific toxicity towards reticulocytes and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lin ZY, Yun QZ, Wu L, Zhang TW, Yao TZ. Pharmacological basis and new insights of deguelin concerning its anticancer effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105935. [PMID: 34644595 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deguelin is a rotenoid of the flavonoid family, which can be extracted from Lonchocarpus, Derris, or Tephrosia. It possesses the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis through regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, repression of Bmi1, targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), targeting galectin-1, promotion of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/FBW7-mediated Mcl-1 destabilization and targeting mitochondria via down-regulating Hexokinases II-mediated glycolysis, PUMA-mediation, which are some crucial molecules which modulate closely cancer cell growth and metastasis. Deguelin inhibits tumor cell propagation and malignant transformation through targeting angiogenesis, targeting lymphangiogenesis, targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK), inhibiting the CtsZ/FAK signaling pathway, targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulating NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2). In addition, deguelin possesses other biological activities, such as targeting cell cycle arrest, modulation of autophagy, inhibition of hedgehog pathway, inducing differentiation of mutated NPM1 acute myeloid leukemia etc. Therefore, deguelin is a promising chemopreventive agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yue Lin
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qu Zhen Yun
- Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liu Wu
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Wen Zhang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tang Ze Yao
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
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Deguelin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:363-375. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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Hafeez S, Urooj M, Saleem S, Gillani Z, Shaheen S, Qazi MH, Naseer MI, Iqbal Z, Ansari SA, Haque A, Asif M, Mir MA, Ali A, Pushparaj PN, Jamal MS, Rasool M. BAD, a Proapoptotic Protein, Escapes ERK/RSK Phosphorylation in Deguelin and siRNA-Treated HeLa Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145780. [PMID: 26745145 PMCID: PMC4706341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study has been undertaken to explore the therapeutic effects of deguelin and specific siRNAs in HeLa cells. The data provided clearly show the silencing of ERK 1/2 with siRNAs and inhibition of ERK1/2 with deguelin treatment in HeLa cells. Additionally, we are providing information that deguelin binds directly to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 in the hydrophobic grooves, thereby releasing BAD and BAX from dimerization with these proteins. This results in increased apoptotic activity through the intrinsic pathway involved in rupture of mitochondrial membrane and release of cytochrome C. Evidence for inhibition of ERK1/2 by deguelin and escape of BAD phosphorylation at serine 112 through ERK/RSK pathway has been further fortified by obtaining similar results by silencing ERK 1/2 each with specific siRNAs. Increase in BAD after treatment with deguelin or siRNAs has been interpreted to mean that deguelin acts through several alternative pathways and therefore can be used as effective therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Hafeez
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Urooj
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shamiala Saleem
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Gillani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shaheen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Husain Qazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guards Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Absarul Haque
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- College of Applied Medical Science, Al Majmaah University, Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ali
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (MR); (MSJ)
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (MR); (MSJ)
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Henrich CJ, Cartner LK, Wilson JA, Fuller RW, Rizzo AE, Reilly KM, McMahon JB, Gustafson KR. Deguelins, Natural Product Modulators of NF1-Defective Astrocytoma Cell Growth Identified by High-Throughput Screening of Partially Purified Natural Product Extracts. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2776-81. [PMID: 26467198 PMCID: PMC6352732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput screening assay for modulators of Trp53/NF1 mutant astrocytoma cell growth was adapted for use with natural product extracts and applied to a novel collection of prefractionated/partially purified extracts. Screening 68 427 samples identified active fractions from 95 unique extracts, including the terrestrial plant Millettia ichthyotona. Only three of these extracts showed activity in the crude extract form, thus demonstrating the utility of a partial purification approach for natural product screening. The NF1 screening assay was used to guide purification of active compounds from the M. ichthyotona extract, which yielded the two rotenones deguelin (1) and dehydrodeguelin (2). The deguelins have been reported to affect growth of a number of cancer cell lines. They potently inhibited growth of only one of a panel of NF1/Trp53 mutant murine astrocytoma cell lines, possibly related to epigenetic factors, but had no effect on the growth of normal astrocytes. These results suggest the potential utility of deguelins as tools for further investigating NF1 astrocytoma cell growth. These bioprobes were identified only as a result of screening partially purified natural product extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J. Henrich
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, and National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Laura K. Cartner
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, and National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Wilson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, and National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Richard W. Fuller
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, and National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Anthony E. Rizzo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Karlyne M. Reilly
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - James B. McMahon
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, and National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Kirk R. Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, and National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
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Regulatory effects of deguelin on proliferation and cell cycle of Raji cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:491-495. [PMID: 23904366 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of deguelin regulating the cell cycle in human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji cells in vitro, and the cytotoxicity of deguelin to Raji cells and human peripheral blood monocular cells (PBMCs) were investigated. The effects of deguelin on the growth of Raji cells were studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was detected through Hoechst 33258 staining. The effect of deguelin on the cell cycle of Raji cells was studied by a propidium iodide method. The expression levels of cyclin D1, P21 and pRb were examined by using Western blotting. The results showed that the proliferation of Raji cells was inhibited in the deguelin-treated group, with a 24-h IC(50) value of 21.61 nmol/L and a 36-h IC(50) value of 17.07 nmol/L. Proliferation in Raji cells was inhibited significantly by deguelin, while little change was observed in PBMCs. Deguelin induced G(2)/M arrest in Raji cells. The expression of cyclin D1, P21 and pRb was dramatically down-regulated by deguelin in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that deguelin could inhibit the proliferation of Raji cells by arresting the cells at G(2)/M phase and inducing the cell apoptosis. Moreover, deguelin selectively induced apoptosis of Raji cells with low toxicity to PBMCs. The antitumor effects of deguelin were related to the down-regulated expression of cyclin D1, P21 and pRb proteins.
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Agarwal E, Brattain MG, Chowdhury S. Cell survival and metastasis regulation by Akt signaling in colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1711-9. [PMID: 23603750 PMCID: PMC3686084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination of cancer cells to distant organ sites is the leading cause of death due to treatment failure in different types of cancer. Mehlen and Puisieux have reviewed the importance of the development of inappropriate cell survival signaling for various steps in the metastatic process and have noted the particular importance of aberrant cell survival to successful colonization at the metastatic site. Therefore, the understanding of mechanisms that govern cell survival fate of these metastatic cells could lead to the understanding of a new paradigm for the control of metastatic potential and could provide the basis for developing novel strategies for the treatment of metastases. Numerous studies have documented the widespread role of Akt in cell survival and metastasis in colorectal cancer, as well as many other types of cancer. Akt acts as a key signaling node that bridges the link between oncogenic receptors to many essential pro-survival cellular functions, and is perhaps the most commonly activated signaling pathway in human cancer. In recent years, Akt2 and Akt3 have emerged as significant contributors to malignancy alongside the well-characterized Akt1 isoform, with distinct non-overlapping functions. This review is aimed at gaining a better understanding of the Akt-driven cell survival mechanisms that contribute to cancer progression and metastasis and the pharmacological inhibitors in clinical trials designed to counter the Akt-driven cell survival responses in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael G. Brattain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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