1
|
Ahmad S, Sayeed S, Bano N, Sheikh K, Raza K. In-silico analysis reveals Quinic acid as a multitargeted inhibitor against Cervical Cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9770-9786. [PMID: 36379678 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2146202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cervix is the lowermost part of the uterus that connects to the vagina, and cervical cancer is a malignant cervix tumour. One of this cancer's most important risk factors is HPV infection. In the approach to finding an effective treatment for this disease, various works have been done around genomics and drug discovery. Finding the major altered genes was one of the most significant studies completed in the field of cervical cancer by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), and these genes are TGFBR2, MED1, ERBB3, CASP8, and HLA-A. The greatest genomic alterations were found in the PI3K/MAPK and TGF-Beta signalling pathways, suggesting that numerous therapeutic targets may come from these pathways in the future. We, therefore, conducted a combined enrichment analysis of genes gathered from various works of literature for this study. The final six key genes from the list were obtained after enrichment analysis using GO, KEGG, and Reactome methods. The six proteins against the identified genes were then subjected to a docking-based screening against a library of 6,87,843 prepared natural compounds from the ZINC15 database. The most stable compound was subsequently discovered through virtual screening to be the natural substance Quinic acid, which also had the highest binding affinity for all six proteins and a better docking score. To examine their stability, the study was extended to MM/GBSA and MD simulations on the six docked proteins, and comparative docking-based calculations led us to identify the Quinic Acid as a multitargeted compound. The overall deviation of the compound was less than 2 Å for all the complexes considered best for the biological molecules, and the simulation interaction analysis reveals a huge web of interaction during the simulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salwa Sayeed
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagmi Bano
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kayenat Sheikh
- Computational Structural Biology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dokić M, Milenković S, Jovanović L, Milošević B, Andrić L, Šaponjski D, Kesić V. Curious Case of Superfitial Spreading Cervical Squamocellular Carcinoma with Adnexal Involvement. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1655. [PMID: 36422194 PMCID: PMC9694448 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) usually showed an infiltrative growth pattern into endocervical stroma. In rare cases, SCC spreads superficially as an intraepithelial lesion to proximal uterine segments, and more rarely, involves invasive and more aggressive behavior on secondary sites. Materials and Methods: In this study, we present the case of an interesting form of cervical SCC growth and we discuss the possible reasons for that presentation. Results: After clinical examination and repeated histomorphological analysis, we found remarkable cervical epithelial dysplasia (a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-H-SIL). A histopathology report after conization and hysterectomy showed squamocellular carcinoma with microinvasive focuses. Interestingly, squamocellular carcinoma was found in the proximal uterine and adnexal structure, as well as intraepithelial and microinvasive lesions. Conclusions: Our study described a rare presentation of primary cervical SCC with unusual adnexal involvement. This pattern of tumor growth should be especially considered for patients who are proposed for sparing surgical procedures. A detailed and multidisciplinary approach for every patient is very important because unpredictable cases are present. However, they are rare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Dokić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Milenković
- Department of Pathology and Medical Cytology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Jovanović
- Department of Pathology and Medical Cytology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Milošević
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luka Andrić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Šaponjski
- Center for Radiology Imaging-Magnetic Resonance, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kesić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shu XY, Dai Z, Zhang S, Yang HX, Bi H. Endometrial squamous cell carcinoma originating from the cervix: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8782-8787. [PMID: 36157822 PMCID: PMC9453359 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of cervical carcinoma and is generally derived from a precancerous stage called cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Usually, the cancer metastasizes through lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination, but rarely spreads upward into the uterus. Here, we report a case of cervical HSIL extending into the endometrium and finally progressing to SCC in the uterine cavity.
CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman visited our department and requested a routine cervical check-up. Four years ago, she had undergone a cervical loop electrosurgical excision procedure because of HSIL found during the gynecological examination, and she had not been checked again since. This time, a relapse of the cervical HSIL was diagnosed along with uterine pyometra and endometrial polyps. After 2 wk of antibiotic treatment, a laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed, and the final pathological examination revealed that the cervical HSIL had spread directly upward into the uterine cavity, gradually developing into cervical SCC in the endometrium.
CONCLUSION Cervical HSIL/SCC can directly spread upward into the uterus with the most common symptoms of pyometra and cervical stenosis. More attention should be given to the early detection and prevention of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Shu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhang Dai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hui-Xia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martín-Vallejo J, Laforga JB, Molina-Bellido P, Clemente-Pérez PA. Superficial spreading cervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ involving the endometrium: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:196. [PMID: 35590335 PMCID: PMC9121615 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of cervical squamous cell carcinoma to the inner surface of the uterus with replacement of the endometrium is rare. Continuity of the lesion must be demonstrated to confirm superficial spread and rule out concomitant endometrial cancer. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 66-year-old white woman with superficial spreading squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix that involved the endometrium. Her relevant past history included conization of the cervix to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III with positive margins. She subsequently had three negative cervical vaginal cytology results, each with a positive high-risk human papillomavirus test. Transvaginal ultrasound showed occupation of the entire uterine cavity by dense material consistent with pyometra in addition to myometrial thinning due to tension and cervical dilation. The patient presented with greenish vaginal discharge of 3 months' duration. The cervix was not visible during speculum examination. Access for endometrial sampling was not possible, raising suspicion of post-conization cervical stenosis. The patient was treated with laparoscopic hysterectomy with double adnexectomy. Histologic examination showed superficial squamous cell carcinoma invading the cervix to a depth of 2.8 mm; superficial spreading squamous cell carcinoma in situ was also observed in the lower uterine segment and endometrium. The patient was free of symptoms 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with superficial spread to the endometrium is not included in the 2020 (fifth edition) World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tract Tumors or the 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer staging system. More clinical cases are needed to identify other prognostic factors and inform clinical practice guidelines on the management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martín-Vallejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Denia, Avenida Marina alta, s/n, 03700 Denia, Alicante Spain
| | - Juan B. Laforga
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Denia, Avenida Marina alta, s/n, 03700 Denia, Alicante Spain
| | - Patricia Molina-Bellido
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Denia, Avenida Marina alta, s/n, 03700 Denia, Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro A. Clemente-Pérez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Denia, Avenida Marina alta, s/n, 03700 Denia, Alicante Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bagde MN, Bagde NKD, Hussain N, Thangaraju P. A review and case report of enigmatic superficial endometrial spread of cancer of the uterine cervix: Need for vigilance in the primary care setting. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3505-3510. [PMID: 34760782 PMCID: PMC8565160 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_39_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. It usually spreads via direct invasion and lymphatics. Few cases with superficial spread to the uterine endometrium, fallopian tubes, and ovaries have been observed. The staging of these cases, as well as management, is not yet clear due to limited data. The Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging disregards uterine spread to upstage the disease, and it also fails to provide clear guidelines regarding the superficial extension to the ovaries and tubes which is not uncommon in these cases. A 63-year-old female with postmenopausal bleeding was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma on a pap smear. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a predominant endometrial lesion. Histopathology after Wertheim's hysterectomy revealed a squamous cell carcinoma of the endocervix, stage 1B2, that had spread superficially to the endometrium. A total of 48 cases of cervical cancer with superficial spread were identified. The commonest complaint was postmenopausal bleed in 39.39%. In 50% of the cases, the disease was carcinoma in situ, and 70.45% of the women had disease of stage 1B or less. In many cases, the disease had reached the tubes, 36.66%, and ovaries 23.33%. All women with stage 2A or lesser disease except for one were alive at 6 months after surgery. Superficial spread of cervical cancer is a distinct entity. Endometrial pathology must be ruled out before planning management in these women, especially when managing early-stage disease with conservative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri N Bagde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Raipur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nilaj Kumar D Bagde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nighat Hussain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Du J, Liao X. Superficial spreading squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix involving the endometrium: a rare case presentation and review of literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:4162-4166. [PMID: 31933815 PMCID: PMC6949783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix rarely can spread superficially to the inner surface of the uterus replacing the endometrium. CASE We report a case of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) in a 66-year-old female with contiguous extension to the endometrium with small foci of microinvasion. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these tumor cells were positive for p16, p63, and ck5/6 with a high Ki-67 labelling index. It is an extremely unusual phenomenon for cervical CIS superficial to spread to the endometrium. CONCLUSION Cervical CIS can also spread superficially upward, and replace the endometrial lining. The detection of immunohistochemical expression of p16, p63 and CK5/6 in the lesions of cervix and the endometrium suggest that these two lesions are etiologically related, favoring the possibility of the endometrium SCC secondary to cervical SCC in situ, and reveal that HPV is a causative factor for superficial spreading SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Lishui UniversityLishui, China
| | - Xuhui Liao
- Department of Pathology, Lishui People’s HospitalLishui, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muthusamy RK, Mehta SS. Squamous Cell Carcinoma In situ of the Cervix with Superficial Intraepithelial Extension to the Endometrium of Lower Uterine Segment: A Rare Presentation. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017; 38:88-89. [PMID: 28469347 PMCID: PMC5398117 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.203509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common malignancy in women in India. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 70% of the cervical malignancies. Carcinoma of the cervix generally invades the uterine wall by direct extension with or without parametrial involvement, however, rarely can spread superficially to the inner surface of the uterus replacing the endometrium. It is an uncommon phenomenon for an in situ lesion of the cervix to have contiguous superficial spread to the endometrium. We report a case of cervical in situ squamous cell carcinoma in a 45-year-old female with contiguous extension to the endometrium of the lower uterine segment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari K Muthusamy
- Department of Pathology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangita S Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jetley S, Jairajpuri ZS, Hassan MJ, Madaan G, Jain R. Primary Endometrial Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ: Report of a rare disease. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2015; 15:e559-62. [PMID: 26629388 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2015.15.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the endometrium, whether primary or secondary to cervical cancer, is a rare entity. Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma in situ is even more uncommon; it usually occurs in postmenopausal women and has a strong association with pyometra. We report a 60-year-old multiparous postmenopausal woman who presented to the Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital, New Delhi, India, in May 2014 with a lower abdominal swelling corresponding in size to a pregnancy of 26 gestational weeks and vaginal discharge of one year's duration. A total abdominal hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingooophorectomy was performed, which revealed an enlarged uterus with pyometra. Histopathology showed that the entire endometrial lining had been replaced with malignant squamous cells without invasion of the myometrium. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumour cells were positive for p63 with a high Ki-67 labelling index. No adjuvant therapy was required and the patient was disease-free at a seven-month follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Jetley
- Departments of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Zeeba S Jairajpuri
- Departments of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad J Hassan
- Departments of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Madaan
- Departments of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Reena Jain
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|