1
|
Gularte-Mérida R, Smith S, Bowman AS, da Cruz Paula A, Chatila W, Bielski CM, Vyas M, Borsu L, Zehir A, Martelotto LG, Shia J, Yaeger R, Fang F, Gardner R, Luo R, Schatz MC, Shen R, Weigelt B, Sánchez-Vega F, Reis-Filho JS, Hechtman JF. Same-Cell Co-Occurrence of RAS Hotspot and BRAF V600E Mutations in Treatment-Naive Colorectal Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100365. [PMID: 35235413 PMCID: PMC8906458 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-activating mutations occur in the majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and show mutual exclusivity. We identified 47 epidermal growth factor receptor/BRAF inhibitor-naive CRC patients with dual RAS hotspot/BRAF V600E mutations (CRC-DD) from a cohort of 4,561 CRC patients with clinical next-generation sequencing results. We aimed to define the molecular phenotypes of the CRC-DD and to test if the dual RAS hotspot/BRAF V600E mutations coexist within the same cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a single-cell genotyping method with a mutation detection rate of 96.3% and a genotype prediction accuracy of 92.1%. Mutations in the CRC-DD cohort were analyzed for clonality, allelic imbalance, copy number, and overall survival. RESULTS Application of single-cell genotyping to four CRC-DD revealed the co-occurrence of both mutations in the following percentages of cells per case: NRAS G13D/KRAS G12C, 95%; KRAS G12D/NRAS G12V, 48%; BRAF V600E/KRAS G12D, 44%; and KRAS G12D/NRAS G13V, 14%, respectively. Allelic imbalance favoring the oncogenic allele was less frequent in CRC-DD (24 of 76, 31.5%, somatic mutations) compared with a curated cohort of CRC with a single-driver mutation (CRC-SD; 119 of 232 mutations, 51.3%; P = .013). Microsatellite instability-high status was enriched in CRC-DD compared with CRC-SD (23% v 11.4%, P = .028). Of the seven CRC-DD cases with multiregional sequencing, five retained both driver mutations throughout all sequenced tumor sites. Both CRC-DD cases with discordant multiregional sequencing were microsatellite instability-high. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that dual-driver mutations occur in a rare subset of CRC, often within the same tumor cells and across multiple tumor sites. Their presence and a lower rate of allelic imbalance may be related to dose-dependent signaling within the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gularte-Mérida
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Shaleigh Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anita S. Bowman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Walid Chatila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Craig M. Bielski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Monika Vyas
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Laetitia Borsu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Fang Fang
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rui Gardner
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael C. Schatz
- Department of Computer Science, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Vega
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jorge S. Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jaclyn F. Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papke B, Azam SH, Feng AY, Gutierrez-Ford C, Huggins H, Pallan PS, Van Swearingen AED, Egli M, Cox AD, Der CJ, Pecot CV. Silencing of Oncogenic KRAS by Mutant-Selective Small Interfering RNA. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:703-712. [PMID: 33860195 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene are well-established drivers of cancer. While the recently developed KRASG12C inhibitors offer a targeted KRAS therapy and have shown success in the clinic, KRASG12C represents only 11% of all KRAS mutations. Current therapeutic approaches for all other KRAS mutations are both indirect and nonmutant-selective, largely focusing on inhibition of downstream KRAS effectors such as MAP kinases. Inhibition of KRAS downstream signaling results in a system-wide down-modulation of the respective targets, raising concerns about systemic cell toxicity. Here, we describe a custom short interfering RNA oligonucleotide (EFTX-D1) designed to preferentially bind mRNA of the most commonly occurring KRAS missense mutations in codons 12 and 13. We determined that EFTX-D1 preferentially reduced the mutant KRAS sequence versus wild-type at the levels of both transcription and translation and reversed oncogenic KRAS-induced morphologic and growth transformation. Furthermore, EFTX-D1 significantly impaired the proliferation of several KRAS mutant cancer cell lines in 2-D as well as 3-D assays. Taken together, our data indicate a novel use of RNA interference to target oncogenic KRAS-driven cancers specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Papke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Salma H Azam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,EnFuego Therapeutics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anne Y Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christina Gutierrez-Ford
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hayden Huggins
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,EnFuego Therapeutics, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Pradeep S Pallan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Amanda E D Van Swearingen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Martin Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeantet M, Tougeron D, Tachon G, Cortes U, Archambaut C, Fromont G, Karayan-Tapon L. High Intra- and Inter-Tumoral Heterogeneity of RAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122015. [PMID: 27916952 PMCID: PMC5187815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with wild type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer are non-responders to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (anti-EGFR mAbs), possibly due to undetected tumoral subclones harboring RAS mutations. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of RAS mutations in different areas of the primary tumor, metastatic lymph nodes and distant metastasis. A retrospective cohort of 18 patients with a colorectal cancer (CRC) was included in the study. Multiregion analysis was performed in 60 spatially separated tumor areas according to the pathological tumor node metastasis (pTNM) staging and KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations were tested using pyrosequencing. In primary tumors, intra-tumoral heterogeneity for RAS mutation was found in 33% of cases. Inter-tumoral heterogeneity for RAS mutation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes or distant metastasis was found in 36% of cases. Moreover, 28% of tumors had multiple RAS mutated subclones in the same tumor. A high proportion of CRCs presented intra- and/or inter-tumoral heterogeneity, which has relevant clinical implications for anti-EGFR mAbs prescription. These results suggest the need for multiple RAS testing in different parts of the same tumor and/or more sensitive techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jeantet
- Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département d'anatomopathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - David Tougeron
- Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Gaelle Tachon
- Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Ulrich Cortes
- Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Céline Archambaut
- Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Gaelle Fromont
- Département d'anatomopathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- Département de Cancérologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
- INSERM1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lorentzen JA, Grzyb K, De Angelis PM, Hoff G, Eide TJ, Andresen PA. Oncogene Mutations in Colorectal Polyps Identified in the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) Screening Study. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2016; 9:19-28. [PMID: 27656095 PMCID: PMC5015815 DOI: 10.4137/cpath.s40143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Data are limited on oncogene mutation frequencies in polyps from principally asymptomatic participants of population-based colorectal cancer screening studies. In this study, DNA from 204 polyps, 5 mm or larger, were collected from 176 participants of the NORCCAP screening study and analyzed for mutations in KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA including the rarely studied KRAS exons 3 and 4 mutations. KRAS mutations were identified in 23.0% of the lesions and were significantly associated with tubulovillous adenomas and large size. A significantly higher frequency of KRAS mutations in females was associated with mutations in codon 12. The KRAS exon 3 and 4 mutations constituted 23.4% of the KRAS positive lesions, which is a larger proportion compared to previous observations in colorectal cancer. BRAF mutations were identified in 11.3% and were associated with serrated polyps. None of the individuals were diagnosed with de novo or recurrent colorectal cancer during the follow-up time (median 11.2 years). Revealing differences in mutation-spectra according to gender and stages in tumorigenesis might be important for optimal use of oncogenes as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Lorentzen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Grzyb
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Geir Hoff
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Medicine, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway.; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor J Eide
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jesinghaus M, Pfarr N, Kloor M, Endris V, Tavernar L, Muckenhuber A, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Penzel R, Weichert W, Stenzinger A. Genetic heterogeneity in synchronous colorectal cancers impacts genotyping approaches and therapeutic strategies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:268-77. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM); Munich Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM); Munich Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Applied Tumor Biology; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Luca Tavernar
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Penzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM); Munich Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
- Member of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg School of Oncology (NCT-HSO); Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Naser WM, Shawarby MA, Al-Tamimi DM, Seth A, Al-Quorain A, Nemer AMA, Albagha OME. Novel KRAS gene mutations in sporadic colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113350. [PMID: 25412182 PMCID: PMC4239073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this article, we report 7 novel KRAS gene mutations discovered while retrospectively studying the prevalence and pattern of KRAS mutations in cancerous tissue obtained from 56 Saudi sporadic colorectal cancer patients from the Eastern Province. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cancerous and noncancerous colorectal tissues. Successful and specific PCR products were then bi-directionally sequenced to detect exon 4 mutations while Mutector II Detection Kits were used for identifying mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61. The functional impact of the novel mutations was assessed using bioinformatics tools and molecular modeling. Results KRAS gene mutations were detected in the cancer tissue of 24 cases (42.85%). Of these, 11 had exon 4 mutations (19.64%). They harbored 8 different mutations all of which except two altered the KRAS protein amino acid sequence and all except one were novel as revealed by COSMIC database. The detected novel mutations were found to be somatic. One mutation is predicted to be benign. The remaining mutations are predicted to cause substantial changes in the protein structure. Of these, the Q150X nonsense mutation is the second truncating mutation to be reported in colorectal cancer in the literature. Conclusions Our discovery of novel exon 4 KRAS mutations that are, so far, unique to Saudi colorectal cancer patients may be attributed to environmental factors and/or racial/ethnic variations due to genetic differences. Alternatively, it may be related to paucity of clinical studies on mutations other than those in codons 12, 13, 61 and 146. Further KRAS testing on a large number of patients of various ethnicities, particularly beyond the most common hotspot alleles in exons 2 and 3 is needed to assess the prevalence and explore the exact prognostic and predictive significance of the discovered novel mutations as well as their possible role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid M. Naser
- Molecular Diagnostics Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Shawarby
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dalal M. Al-Tamimi
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Seth
- Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Quorain
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej M. Al Nemer
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- Rheumatology Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Updated guidelines for biomarker testing in colorectal carcinoma: a national consensus of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:264-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
8
|
Alakus H, Babicky ML, Ghosh P, Yost S, Jepsen K, Dai Y, Arias A, Samuels ML, Mose ES, Schwab RB, Peterson MR, Lowy AM, Frazer KA, Harismendy O. Genome-wide mutational landscape of mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei of appendiceal origin. Genome Med 2014; 6:43. [PMID: 24944587 PMCID: PMC4062050 DOI: 10.1186/gm559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix (MNA) are rare tumors which may progress from benign to malignant disease with an aggressive biological behavior. MNA is often diagnosed after metastasis to the peritoneal surfaces resulting in mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei (MCP). Genetic alterations in MNA are poorly characterized due to its low incidence, the hypo-cellularity of MCPs, and a lack of relevant pre-clinical models. As such, application of targeted therapies to this disease is limited to those developed for colorectal cancer and not based on molecular rationale. METHODS We sequenced the whole exomes of 10 MCPs of appendiceal origin to identify genome-wide somatic mutations and copy number aberrations and validated significant findings in 19 additional cases. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that MNA has a different molecular makeup than colorectal cancer. Most tumors have co-existing oncogenic mutations in KRAS (26/29) and GNAS (20/29) and are characterized by downstream PKA activation. High-grade tumors are GNAS wild-type (5/6), suggesting they do not progress from low-grade tumors. MNAs do share some genetic alterations with colorectal cancer including gain of 1q (5/10), Wnt, and TGFβ pathway alterations. In contrast, mutations in TP53 (1/10) and APC (0/10), common in colorectal cancer, are rare in MNA. Concurrent activation of the KRAS and GNAS mediated signaling pathways appears to be shared with pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS MNA genome-wide mutational analysis reveals genetic alterations distinct from colorectal cancer, in support of its unique pathophysiology and suggests new targeted therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Alakus
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michele L Babicky
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Yost
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Arias
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Evangeline S Mose
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard B Schwab
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Peterson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|