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Liu Z, Sun L, Zheng B, Wang H, Qin X, Zhang P, Wo Q, Li H, Mou Y, Zhang D, Wang S. The value of ATAD3A as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22395-22406. [PMID: 38018291 PMCID: PMC10757082 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is a highly malignant tumor, and if left untreated, it can develop severe hematuria and tumor metastasis, thereby endangering the patient's life. The purpose of this paper was to detect the expression of ATAD3A in BCa and research the relationship between ATAD3A and pathological features of bladder cancer and the prognosis of patients. METHODS First, the expression of ATAD3A in BCa and normal bladder tissues was analyzed based on the UALCAN and Oncomine public databases. Second, 491 cases of surgically resected bladder cancer specimens and 110 cases of normal adjacent tissues were immunohistochemically stained. The expression of ATAD3A was quantified, and the value and prognosis of ATAD3A as a biomarker of BCa were evaluated. RESULTS The expression of ATAD3A in bladder cancer tissues was higher than that in normal bladder mucosa. High expression of ATAD3A was correlated with patient age, tumor size, number of tumors, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and TNM stage (p < 0.05). Overexpression of ATAD3A is closely related to cancer patient survival. The mean survival time of bladder cancer patients with high ATAD3A expression was shorter than those with low ATAD3A levels. According to the relative comparing result, the high ATAD3A expression herald reduced overall survival in BCa patients. CONCLUSIONS The abnormal overexpression of ATAD3A may be related to the initiation and progress of bladder cancer. The upregulation of ATAD3A can be used as an effective indicator to diagnose bladder cancer and predict tumor progression. Furthermore, the combination of information from public databases and the results of clinical sample analysis can help us better understand the mechanism of action of molecular oncogenes in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Liu
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Li Sun
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Bin Zheng
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Heng Wang
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaowen Qin
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pu Zhang
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qijun Wo
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Haichang Li
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yixuan Mou
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Dahong Zhang
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Pramod SV, Safriadi F, Hernowo BS, Dwiyana RF, Trianasari N, Egawa S. Cytoplasmic Androgen Receptor, CD24 Expression and Smoking Intensity to Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Invasiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study. Res Rep Urol 2023; 15:485-494. [PMID: 37933300 PMCID: PMC10625756 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s433705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To the best of our knowledge, Androgen receptor (AR) and cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not yet been reported in our population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of both markers in UCB using immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods Data from 60 patients with UCB were obtained between 2009 and 2018. The samples were divided into four groups based on their smoking history. Group 1 included non-smokers, group 2 smoked <20 cigarettes/day for 30 years, group 3 smoked for 31-40 years, and group 4 smoked for > 40 years. Each group then divided into Non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) subgroups. The smear was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) - immunohistochemistry of CD24 and RA, followed by histoscore assessment. Results The male to female smoking rates was 1.8. Based on gender, in the NMIBC group there were 85.7% men and 14.3% were women while in MIBC 74.4% men and 25.6% women. The mean age of the NMIBC and MIBC groups was 56.3 years and 54.5 years, respectively. There was no significant relationship between smoking status in group 2 (OR 0.31, CI 95% CI, p=0,39), group 3 (OR 013, CI 95% CI, p=0,05), and group 4 (OR 0.23, CI 95% CI, p=0215) to the UCB invasiveness. A significant relationship was observed between cytoplasmic AR expression and UCB invasiveness (OR 0.14[0,04; 0.47], CI 95%, p=0.001). There was no significant relationship between RA in the nucleus and UCB invasion (OR 1.09[0,18; 6.48] CI 95%, p=1000). No significant relationship was observed between CD24 expression and UCB invasiveness (OR 0.81[0,27-2,45] CI 95%, p=0712). Conclusion Cytoplasmic AR expression is associated with UCB invasiveness. Smoking history and CD24 expression were not associated with UCB invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawkar Vijay Pramod
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Safriadi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy S Hernowo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Nurvita Trianasari
- Economics and Business School, Telkom University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Walz S, Pollehne P, Vollmer P, Aicher WK, Stenzl A, Harland N, Amend B. Effects of Scaffolds on Urine- and Urothelial Carcinoma Tissue-Derived Organoids from Bladder Cancer Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2108. [PMID: 37626918 PMCID: PMC10453567 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional constructs generated by placing cells in scaffolds to facilitate the growth of cultures with cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions close to the in vivo situation. Organoids may contain different types of cells, including cancer cells, progenitor cells, or differentiated cells. As distinct culture conditions have significant effects on cell metabolism, we explored the expansion of cells and expression of marker genes in bladder cancer cells expanded in two different common scaffolds. The cells were seeded in basement membrane extract (BME; s.c., Matrigel®) or in a cellulose-derived hydrogel (GrowDex®, GD) and cultured. The size of organoids and expression of marker genes were studied. We discovered that BME facilitated the growth of significantly larger organoids of cancer cell line RT112 (p < 0.05), cells from a solid tumor (p < 0.001), and a voiding urine sample (p < 0.001). Expression of proliferation marker Ki76, transcription factor TP63, cytokeratin CK20, and cell surface marker CD24 clearly differed in these different tumor cells upon expansion in BME when compared to cells in GD. We conclude that the choice of scaffold utilized for the generation of organoids has an impact not only on cell growth and organoid size but also on protein expression. The disadvantages of batch-to-batch-variations of BME must be balanced with the phenotypic bias observed with GD scaffolds when standardizing organoid cultures for clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Walz
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Pollehne
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Vollmer
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Harland
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Amend
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ni YH, Zhao X, Wang W. CD24, A Review of its Role in Tumor Diagnosis, Progression and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:109-126. [PMID: 32576128 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200623170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD24, is a mucin-like GPI-anchored molecules. By immunohistochemistry, it is widely detected in many solid tumors, such as breast cancers, genital system cancers, digestive system cancers, neural system cancers and so on. The functional roles of CD24 are either fulfilled by combination with ligands or participate in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. However, the character of CD24 remains to be intriguing because there are still opposite voices about the impact of CD24 on tumors. In preclinical studies, CD24 target therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, target silencing by RNA interference and immunotherapy, have shown us brighten futures on the anti-tumor application. Nevertheless, evidences based on clinical studies are urgently needed. Here, with expectancy to spark new ideas, we summarize the relevant studies about CD24 from a tumor perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Ghaderi F, Jokar N, Gholamrezanezhad A, Assadi M, Ahmadzadehfar H. Toward radiotheranostics in cancer stem cells: a promising initial step for tumour eradication. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Emerging Role of CD24 in Cancer Theranostics-A Novel Target for Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery in Ovarian Cancer and Beyond. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040255. [PMID: 33260974 PMCID: PMC7712410 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete cytoreductive surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The application of fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) allows for the increased intraoperative visualization and delineation of malignant lesions by using fluorescently labeled targeting biomarkers, thereby improving intraoperative guidance. CD24, a small glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface receptor, is overexpressed in approximately 70% of solid cancers, and has been proposed as a prognostic and therapeutic tumor-specific biomarker for EOC. Recently, preclinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of CD24-targeted contrast agents for non-invasive fluorescence imaging, as well as improved tumor resection by employing CD24-targeted FIGS in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of EOC. The successful detection of miniscule metastases denotes CD24 as a promising biomarker for the application of fluorescence-guided surgery in EOC patients. The aim of this review is to present the clinical and preclinically evaluated biomarkers for ovarian cancer FIGS, highlight the strengths of CD24, and propose a future bimodal approach combining CD24-targeted fluorescence imaging with radionuclide detection and targeted therapy.
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Liu Q, Gu J, Zhang E, He L, Yuan ZX. Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics to Urological Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2038-2056. [PMID: 32250210 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403131514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urological cancer refers to cancer in organs of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. It mainly includes prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, etc., seriously threatening patients' survival. Although there are many advances in the treatment of urological cancer, approved targeted therapies often result in tumor recurrence and therapy failure. An increasing amount of evidence indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor-initiating ability were the source of treatment failure in urological cancer. The development of CSCstargeted strategy can provide a possibility for the complete elimination of urological cancer. This review is based on a search of PubMed, Google scholar and NIH database (http://ClinicalTrials.gov/) for English language articles containing the terms: "biomarkers", "cancer stem cells", "targeting/targeted therapy", "prostate cancer", bladder cancer" and "kidney cancer". We summarized the biomarkers and stem cell features of the prostate, bladder and renal CSCs, outlined the targeted strategies for urological CSCs from signaling pathways, cytokines, angiogenesis, surface markers, elimination therapy, differentiation therapy, immunotherapy, microRNA, nanomedicine, etc., and highlighted the prospects and future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Yaopharma Co., Ltd. Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - E Zhang
- Officers college of PAP, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ide H, Miyamoto H. The Role of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Urothelial Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082155. [PMID: 32759680 PMCID: PMC7465876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and/or clinical evidence has indicated a potential role of steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathways in the development of various neoplastic diseases, while precise mechanisms for the functions of specific receptors remain poorly understood. Specifically, in urothelial cancer where sex-related differences particularly in its incidence are noted, activation of sex hormone receptors, such as androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-β, has been associated with the induction of tumor development. More recently, glucocorticoid receptor has been implied to function as a suppressor of urothelial tumorigenesis. This article summarizes and discusses available data suggesting that steroid hormone receptors, including androgen receptor, estrogen receptor-α, estrogen receptor-β, glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor and vitamin D receptor, as well as their related signals, contribute to modulating urothelial tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kleinmanns K, Fosse V, Davidson B, de Jalón EG, Tenstad O, Bjørge L, McCormack E. CD24-targeted intraoperative fluorescence image-guided surgery leads to improved cytoreduction of ovarian cancer in a preclinical orthotopic surgical model. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102783. [PMID: 32454402 PMCID: PMC7248677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The completeness of resection is a key prognostic indicator in patients with ovarian cancer, and the application of tumour-targeted fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) has led to improved detection of peritoneal metastases during cytoreductive surgery. CD24 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and has been shown to be a suitable biomarker for tumour-targeted imaging. METHODS CD24 expression was investigated in cell lines and heterogenous patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumour samples of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). After conjugation of the monoclonal antibody CD24 to the NIR dye Alexa Fluor 750 and the evaluation of the optimal pharmacological parameters (OV-90, n = 21), orthotopic HGSOC metastatic xenografts (OV-90, n = 16) underwent cytoreductive surgery with real-time feedback. The impact of intraoperative CD24-targeted fluorescence guidance was compared to white light and palpation alone, and the recurrence of disease was monitored post-operatively (OV-90, n = 12). CD24-AF750 was further evaluated in four clinically annotated orthotopic PDX models of metastatic HGSOC, to validate the translational potential for intraoperative guidance. FINDINGS CD24-targeted intraoperative NIR FIGS significantly (47•3%) improved tumour detection and resection, and reduced the post-operative tumour burden compared to standard white-light surgery in orthotopic HGSOC xenografts. CD24-AF750 allowed identification of minuscule tumour lesions which were undetectable with the naked eye in four HGSOC PDX. INTERPRETATION CD24-targeted FIGS has translational potential as an aid to improve debulking surgery of ovarian cancer. FUNDING This study was supported by the H2020 program MSCA-ITN [675743], Helse Vest RHF, and Helse Bergen HF [911809, 911852, 912171, 240222, 911974, HV1269], as well as by The Norwegian Cancer Society [182735], and The Research Council of Norway through its Centres of excellence funding scheme [223250, 262652].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kleinmanns
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Fosse
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elvira García de Jalón
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Tenstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Hacek J, Brisuda A, Babjuk M, Zamecnik J. Expression of cancer stem cells markers in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma and its precursor lesions. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 165:316-321. [PMID: 32424373 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSC) and their role in tumorigenesis of various solid tumors have been studied in past decades. Urothelial CSC were first identified 10 years ago and subsequent studies have been performed with the aim to identify reliable markers of CSC. So far, a few studies have investigated a relationship between CSC markers expression in urothelial carcinoma tissue and histopathological characteristics of the tumor. METHODS In our study, we evaluated an immunoexpression of the CSC markers CD24, CD44, CD66 and CD133 in tissue sections of urothelial carcinoma (all tumor grades and stages were included), urothelial carcinoma in situ and non-neoplastic urothelium, totally 218 specimens were enrolled. RESULTS All studied molecules were expressed either in tumor tissue and non-neoplastic urothelium. Urothelial carcinomas of higher tumor grade and stage expressed molecules CD24 and CD133 significantly more frequently whereas molecules CD44 and CD66 did not show significant association with tumor histopathological features. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that studied molecules are not suitable for direct detection of CSC in urothelial carcinoma tissue sections, but an expression of molecules CD24 and CD133 is significantly related to urothelial carcinoma grade and stage, which are both important prognostic indicators and therefore an expression of these markers might have a potential prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Hacek
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Brisuda
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Babjuk
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Takashima K, Fujii S, Komatsuzaki R, Komatsu M, Takahashi M, Kojima T, Daiko H, Minashi K, Chiwaki F, Muto M, Sasaki H, Yano T. CD24 and CK4 are upregulated by SIM2, and are predictive biomarkers for chemoradiotherapy and surgery in esophageal cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:835-847. [PMID: 32124945 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a less invasive therapy compared with surgery for some types of cancer; however, the 5‑year survival rate of patients with stages II‑III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is only 37%. Therefore, prediction of CRT responders is necessary. Unfortunately, no definitive biomarker exists that is useful to predict survival outcome following CRT. From our previous microarray study, CD24 and keratin 4 (KRT4), which encodes cytokeratin 4 (CK4), were overexpressed in the favorable prognostic epithelial subtype with SIM bHLH transcription factor 2 (SIM2) expression. This study investigated the association between their mRNA and protein expression levels, and clinicopathological characteristics, and also investigated the functions of CD24 in SIM2‑mediated tumor differentiation and CRT sensitivity. High CD24 and KRT4 mRNA expression was associated with a favorable prognosis following CRT. Multivariate analyses revealed that high CD24 and CK4 protein expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry, and differentiated type were independent factors for predicting a favorable prognosis in response to CRT. Notably, in cases with low CD24 or CK4, surgery was suggested to be a good therapeutic modality compared with CRT. CD24 and KRT4 were expressed preferentially in differentiated layers of the normal esophageal mucosa, and their mRNA expression in 3D cultured ESCC cells was induced by SIM2 transfection, thus suggesting that CD24 and KRT4 were downstream differentiation markers of SIM2. Furthermore, CD24 small interfering RNA increased the mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and enhanced H2O2 resistance, thus indicating the involvement of CD24 in the radiosensitivity of patients with ESCC; however, it had no effect on cisplatin sensitivity. In conclusion, the two markers CD24 and CK4 may be considered predictive biomarkers for definitive CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Rie Komatsuzaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komatsu
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daiko
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Keiko Minashi
- Department of Clinical Trial Promotion, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260‑8717, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiwaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‑8507, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‑8577, Japan
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Huang SY, Liu YH, Chen YJ, Yeh YY, Huang HM. CD69 partially inhibits apoptosis and erythroid differentiation via CD24, and their knockdown increase imatinib sensitivity in BCR-ABL-positive cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7467-7479. [PMID: 29663362 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by a constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib and its derivatives represent a breakthrough for CML therapy, but the use of TKI alone is ineffective for many CML patients. CD69, an early activation marker of lymphocytes, participates in immune and inflammatory responses. Previous studies revealed that BCR-ABL upregulates CD69 expression; however, the role of CD69 in CML cells is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BCR-ABL induced CD69 promoter activity and mRNA and protein expression via the NF-κB pathway. CD69 knockdown partially increased apoptosis and expression of erythroid differentiation markers, α-globin, ζ-globin, and glycophorin A, and increased imatinib sensitivity in K562 and KU812 CML cells. Gene microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR verified that CD24, an oncogenic gene, downregulated in K562 cells upon CD69 knockdown. CD69 overexpression increased, whereas CD69 knockdown inhibited CD24 promoter activity and mRNA and protein levels. CD24 knockdown also partially increased apoptosis, erythroid differentiation, and imatinib sensitivity in K562 cells, whereas its overexpression inhibited the effects of CD69 knockdown on apoptosis, erythroid differentiation, and imatinib sensitivity in K562 cells. Imatinib-induced apoptosis and erythroid differentiation were also inhibited by CD69 or CD24 overexpression in BCR-ABL-expressing CML cell lines and CD34+ cells. Taken together, CD24 is a downstream effector of CD69. CD69 and CD24 partially inhibit apoptosis and erythroid differentiation in CML cells; thus, they may be potential targets to increase imatinib sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Amantini C, Morelli MB, Nabissi M, Cardinali C, Santoni M, Gismondi A, Santoni G. Capsaicin triggers autophagic cell survival which drives epithelial mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance in bladder cancer cells in an Hedgehog-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50180-50194. [PMID: 27367032 PMCID: PMC5226576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urologic tumor characterized by high risk of recurrence and mortality. Capsaicin (CPS), used as an intravesical drug for overactive bladder, was demonstrated to induce cell death in different cancer cells including BC cells. Here we found that treatment of high-grade BC cells with high dose of CPS triggers autophagy. Infact, the CPS treatment alters the redox homeostasis by inducing production of radicals, mitochondrial depolarization, alterations of ADP/ATP ratio and activation of AMPK pathway stimulating the autophagic process in BC cells. The inhibition of autophagy, by using the specific inhibitor bafilomycin A or Beclin 1 knock-down, enhanced the CPS-induced cell death, demonstrating that CPS-induced autophagy acts as a pro-survival process in BC cells. By using PCR arrays and FACS analysis, we found that the CPS-treated BC cells displayed typical mesenchymal features of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) as elongated shape and over-expression of vimentin, α5 and β1 integrin subunits, integrin-like kinase and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Moreover, we demonstrated that CPS treatment stimulates upregulation of Dhh/Ptch2/Zeb2 members of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, increases CD24, VEGFA and TIMP1 and decreases CD44 and ALCAM mRNA expression levels. By PTCH2 knock-down we found that the Hedgehog signaling pathway is involved in the CPS-induced autophagy and EMT phenotype. Finally, we also showed that the CPS-resistant EMT-positive BC cells displayed an increased drug-resistance to the cytotoxic effects of mitomycin C, gemcitabine and doxorubicine drugs commonly used in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Cardinali
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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14
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Wei H, Zhang D. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is associated with poor prognosis in urinary bladder carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:831-838. [PMID: 31938172 PMCID: PMC6958047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of the enhancer of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein, an intracellular tyrosine kinase protein, has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy of gastric cancer and several other tumors. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of FAK and analyze its correlation with the clinicopathological features of human urinary bladder carcinoma. METHODS 315 archived cases of urinary bladder carcinoma were reviewed and TMAs were developed as per established procedures. Immunohistochemical staining for FAK was performed to assess the correlation between the expression profiles and the clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome. RESULTS Protein level of FAK was up-regulated in urinary bladder carcinoma compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Overexpression of FAK was significantly associated with high histologic grade, angiolymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, myometrial invasion and cervical involvement (P < 0.05). Further multivariate analysis suggested that expression of FAK was independent prognostic indicator for urinary bladder carcinoma. These alterations in expression were also associated with greater risk of disease progression and decreased chance of carcinoma-specific survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrates that overexpression of FAK was significantly associated with decreased overall survival. CONCLUSION Overexpression of FAK corelates with well established pathologic risk factors and may predict more aggressive biologic behavior in urinary bladder carcinoma. The expression patterns of FAK correlated well with the pathologic stage, disease progression, and carcinoma-specific survival. This finding may aid in identifying more biologically aggressive carcinomas and thus patients who could benefit from more intensive adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalHangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Huiju Wang
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Haibing Wei
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalHangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalHangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
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15
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Immunohistochemistry Biomarkers in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:178-183. [PMID: 26574637 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most frequent urinary tract neoplasm. BCa results in significant mortality when the disease presents as muscle invasive. Around 75% to 80% of patients present with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but recurrence and progression are significant issues, compelling current guidelines to recommend long-term surveillance. There is therefore an urgent and unmet need to identify and validate accurate biomarkers for the detection of disease recurrence to improve quality of life for the patients and reduce costs for health care providers, while maintaining or improving current outcomes. In this review, 38 publications on immunohistochemistry prognostic biomarkers, that were studied may be related in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, have been analyzed. The studies were organized according to the evaluated marker and their findings. It was demonstrated that the combination of independent complementary biomarkers could allow a more accurate prognosis than an isolated marker. Biomarkers, including p53, Ki-67, and CK20, with classic and prognostic factors with recurrence and novel markers such as EN2 may provide a more accurate prediction of outcome compared with any single marker, improving risk stratification and clinical management of patients with BCa.
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16
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Jiménez P, Chueca E, Arruebo M, Strunk M, Solanas E, Serrano T, García-González MA, Lanas Á. CD24 Expression Is Increased in 5-Fluorouracil-Treated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:321. [PMID: 28611669 PMCID: PMC5447731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model suggests that there are subsets of cells within a tumor with increased proliferation and self-renewal capacity, which play a key role in therapeutic resistance. The importance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in carcinogenesis has been previously established and the use of COX-2 inhibitors as celecoxib has been shown to exert antitumor effects. The present study investigated whether treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or the growth of tumor spheres increased the proportion of CSCs and also if treatment with celecoxib was able to reduce the putative CSC markers in this tumor. OE19 and OE33 EAC cells surviving 5-FU exposure exhibited an increase in CSC markers CD24 and ABCG2 and also an increased resistance to apoptosis. EAC cell lines had the capacity to form multiple spheres displaying typical CSC functionalities such as self-renewal and increased CD24 levels. In addition, after the induction of differentiation, cancer cells reached levels of CD24 similar to those observed in the parental cells. Treatment with celecoxib alone or in combination with 5-FU also resulted in a reduction of CD24 expression. Moreover, celecoxib inhibited the growth of tumor spheres. These findings showing a reduction in CSC markers induced by celecoxib suggest that the COX-2 inhibitor might be a candidate for combined chemotherapy in the treatment of EAC. However, additional clinical and experimental studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Chueca
- CIBERehdMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Arruebo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mark Strunk
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón, IACS Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Servicio de Secuenciación y Genómica FuncionalZaragoza, Spain
| | - Estela Solanas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Trinidad Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragoza, Spain
| | - María A García-González
- CIBERehdMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Lanas
- CIBERehdMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragoza, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
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17
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Nakamura K, Terai Y, Tanabe A, Ono YJ, Hayashi M, Maeda K, Fujiwara S, Ashihara K, Nakamura M, Tanaka Y, Tanaka T, Tsunetoh S, Sasaki H, Ohmichi M. CD24 expression is a marker for predicting clinical outcome and regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer via both the Akt and ERK pathways. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3189-3200. [PMID: 28440503 PMCID: PMC5442399 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The degree of peritoneal dissemination and chemotherapy-resistant tumors is related to the prognosis in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer. The epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a multifaceted pathological program that endows cancer cells with the ability to invade and disseminate. CD24 is frequently overexpressed in various human cancers and is correlated with a poor prognosis. We herein examined the functions of CD24 in human ovarian cancer cell lines and evaluated how it contributes to the molecular mechanism underlying the regeneration of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) through the EMT mechanism in ovarian carcinoma. We demonstrated that CD24 was expressed in 70.1% of primary ovarian carcinoma tissues, which were obtained from 174 patients, and that the expression of CD24 was an independent predictor of survival in patients with ovarian cancer. The expression of CD24 has been found to be correlated with the FIGO stage, presence of peritoneal and lymph node metastasis. CD24 induces the EMT phenomenon, which is involved in cell invasion, the highly proliferative phenotype, colony formation and which is associated with cisplatin resistance and the properties of CSCs, via the activation of PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and ERK in Caov-3 cisplatin-resistant cell lines. CD24-positive ovarian carcinomas have been shown to have a greater potential for intra-abdominal tumor cell dissemination in in vivo models. Our findings suggest that CD24 induced the EMT phenomenon in ovarian cancer, and that CD24 amplified cell growth-related intracellular signaling via the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways by affecting the EMT signal pathways. We believe that CD24 is a key molecule of metastatic progression in the EMT phenomenon and a promising therapeutic target for advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro J Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masami Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Satoe Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ashihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Michihiko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsunetoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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18
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Ishaq SM, Kehar SI, Zafar S, Hasan SFU. Correlation of CD24 expression with histological grading and TNM staging of retinoblastoma. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:160-4. [PMID: 27022367 PMCID: PMC4795859 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.321.8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Correlation of CD24 expression with histological grading and TNM staging of retinoblastoma. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, BMSI, JPMC and NICH from 1(st) January 2009 to 31(st) December 2013. A total 68 diagnosed cases of retinoblastoma were selected for CD24 immuno staining. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22. RESULTS Out of 68 cases 7.35% showed grade 1 followed by 11.76% in G2, 26.47% in G3 and 54.41% in G4. Majority of cases i.e. 60.29% in stage IV followed by 19.11% in stage I, 10.29% each in stage II and stage III. CD24 immuno staining positivity was seen in majority of grade 3 and grade 4. In grade 3, 38.88% showed moderate and 22.22% strong immuno reaction. Amongst grade 4, 40.54% showed moderate and 13.51% strong positive. Variable immuno pattern was observed according to TNM staging. In stage I, 46.15% showed moderate and 7.69% strong positivity, while in stage II, 57.14% were negative for saining. In stage III, 42.85% were negative while 28.57% each showed moderate and strong staining. Majority of cases in stage IV i.e. 48.78% were negative for staining while 34.14%, 17.07% showed moderate and severe CD24 immuno staining. CONCLUSION Majority of grade I retinoblastoma were in TNM stage I & II and mostly were immuno negative. Lymph node and distant metastatic cases were 75% in G4 and 25% in G3, all of them showed moderate to strong immunoreactivity. These results showed that CD24 expression may be a marker of poor prognosis in retinoblastoma. Whereas TNM staging of retinoblastomas with CD24 expression had varying pattern and showed no significant correlation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Ishaq
- Dr. Syed Muhammad Ishaque, MBBS, M.Phil, Consultant Pathologist, Bolan Medical Complex & Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta. Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Imdad Kehar
- Dr. Shahnaz Imdad Kehar, MBBS, M.Phil, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, BMSI, JPMC, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Zafar
- Dr. Shahid Zafar, MBBS, M.Phil, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Liaquat College of Medicines & Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Furqan Ul Hasan
- Dr. Syed Furqual Ul Hazan, MBBS, M.Phil, Associate Professor, NICH, Karachi, Pakistan
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19
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PEI ZHEN, ZHU GUANGCHAO, HUO XIAOLEI, GAO LU, LIAO SHAN, HE JUNYU, LONG YUEHUA, YI HONG, XIAO SONGSHU, YI WEI, CHEN PAN, LI XIAOLING, LI GUIYUAN, ZHOU YANHONG. CD24 promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1593-601. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Ide H, Miyamoto H. Steroid Hormone Receptor Signals as Prognosticators for Urothelial Tumor. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:840640. [PMID: 26770009 PMCID: PMC4685115 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a substantial amount of preclinical or clinical evidence suggesting that steroid hormone receptor-mediated signals play a critical role in urothelial tumorigenesis and tumor progression. These receptors include androgen receptor, estrogen receptors, glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor, vitamin D receptor, retinoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and others including orphan receptors. In particular, studies using urothelial cancer tissue specimens have demonstrated that elevated or reduced expression of these receptors as well as alterations of their upstream or downstream pathways correlates with patient outcomes. This review summarizes and discusses available data suggesting that steroid hormone receptors and related signals serve as biomarkers for urothelial carcinoma and are able to predict tumor recurrence or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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21
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Tanaka T, Terai Y, Kogata Y, Ashihara K, Maeda K, Fujiwara S, Yoo S, Tanaka Y, Tsunetoh S, Sasaki H, Kanemura M, Tanabe A, Ohmichi M. CD24 expression as a marker for predicting clinical outcome and invasive activity in uterine cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2282-8. [PMID: 26351781 PMCID: PMC4583540 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD24, a small heavily glycosylated mucin-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein, plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of various human malignancies. However, its function in cervical cancer remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of CD24 clinicopathologically and to analyze its functional behavior biologically in cervical cancer. A total of 117 uterine cervical cancer tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed using a CD24 monoclonal antibody on paraffin blocks. We also examined whether CD24 enhanced the invasive activity or the Akt, ERK, NF-κB and MMP activity in a uterine cervical cancer cell line (CaSki) by a western blot analysis. The patients with enhanced CD24 expression had a higher rate of advanced clinical stage (50 vs. 16.5%, p<0.01), lymph node metastasis (34.6 vs. 14.3%) and lymphovascular involvement (65.4 vs. 20.4%, p=0.01), and a poor overall and disease-free survival (5-year survival rate: 62 vs. 86%, p=0.03). CD24 overexpression in CaSki cells resulted in activation of Cell Signaling proteins, including Akt, ERK, NF-κB and MMP-9. An invasion assay showed that CD24 overexpression in CaSki cells led to increased invasion ability. The CD24 overexpression also increased mRNA expression of Slug but not Snail. Moreover, the CD24 overexpression also decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin protein levels. Increased expression of CD24 may be associated with tumor progression and prognosis in patients with uterine cervical cancer. CD24 expression may therefore be used not only as a prognostic marker in uterine cervical cancer, but also as a target for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kogata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ashihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Satoe Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Saha Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsunetoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masanori Kanemura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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22
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He H, Tu X, Zhang J, Acheampong DO, Ding L, Ma Z, Ren X, Luo C, Chen Z, Wang T, Xie W, Wang M. A novel antibody targeting CD24 and hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo by near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1328-36. [PMID: 26255089 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. The poor response of liver cancer to chemotherapy has whipped up the interest in targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies because of its potential efficiency. One promising target is cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), which is known to beover-expressed on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), providing prospect for HCC targeted diagnosis and therapy. In this study we developed a novel CD24 targeted monoclonal antibody G7mAb based on hybridoma technology and then generated a single-chain antibodyfragment (scFv) G7S. Firstly, ELISA, western blot, and flow cytometry assays demonstrated specific binding of CD24 by G7mAb and G7S. Further, G7mAb was demonstrated to have similar binding capacity as ML5 (a commercial Anti-CD24 Mouse Antibody) inimmunohistochemical assay. Further more, a near-infrared fluorescent dye multiplex probe amplification (MPA) was conjugated to G7mAb and G7S to form G7mAb-MPA and G7S-MPA. The near-infrared fluorescence imaging revealed that G7mAb and G7S aggregate in CD24+Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tissuevia specific binding to CD24 in vivo. In conclussion, G7mAb and G7S were tumor targeted therapeutic and diagnostic potentials in vitro and in vivo as anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Desmond Omane Acheampong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhaoxiong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xueyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Srinivasarao M, Galliford CV, Low PS. Principles in the design of ligand-targeted cancer therapeutics and imaging agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:203-19. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Li B, Shao Q, Ji D, Li F, Guo X, Chen G. Combined aberrant expression of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 and CD24 is associated with disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:209. [PMID: 25338637 PMCID: PMC4212122 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), as a tumor suppressor, has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by reducing the expression of CD24, which has been identified as a prognostic factor for HCC patients. However, the clinical significance of combined NDRG2 and CD24 expression in HCC remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship of NDRG2 and CD24 expression with clinicopathological parameters and patients’ survival. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression and subcellular localizations of NDRG2 and CD24 proteins in 130 pairs of HCC and adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissues. Results NDRG2 protein was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of hepatocytes in adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissues, whereas its immunostaining was weak or negative in HCC tissues. In contrast, CD24 protein exhibited the cytoplasm immunostaining in tumor cells of HCC tissues but showed negative expression in adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissues. The statistical analysis also showed that the expression levels of NDRG2 and CD24 proteins in HCC tissues were respectively lower and higher than those in adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissues significantly (both P < 0.001). In addition, there was an inverse correlation between NDRG2 expression and CD24 expression in HCC tissues (P = 0.02). Moreover, combined NDRG2 downregulation and CD24 upregulation (NDRG2-low/CD24-high) more frequently occurred in HCC tissues with high serum AFP (P = 0.03), advanced tumor stage (P = 0.001) and high tumor grade (P = 0.02). Furthermore, HCC patients with NDRG2-low/CD24-high expression showed shortest 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (both P < 0.001) of four groups (NDRG2-low/CD24-high, NDRG2-low/CD24-low, NDRG2-high/CD24-high, NDRG2-high/CD24-low). Of note, the multivariate survival analysis showed that the combined aberrant expression of NDRG2 and CD24 proteins was an independent prognostic factor for both 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (both P = 0.01) in HCC. Conclusions These findings suggest that the downregulation of NDRG2 combined with the upregulation of CD24 may play a synergistic role in the occurrence and progression of HCC. A combined detection of NDRG2/CD24 expression may benefit us in determining the prognosis in patients with HCC. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_209
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