1
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Khokhar M, Kartha P, Hassan S, Pandey RK. Decoding dysregulated genes, molecular pathways and microRNAs involved in cervical cancer. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3713. [PMID: 38949075 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to identify dysregulated genes, molecular pathways, and regulatory mechanisms in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancers. We have investigated the disease-associated genes along with the Gene Ontology, survival prognosis, transcription factors and the microRNA (miRNA) that are involved in cervical carcinogenesis, enabling a deeper comprehension of cervical cancer linked to HPV. METHODS We used 10 publicly accessible Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to examine the patterns of gene expression in cervical cancer. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which showed a clear distinction between cervical cancer and healthy tissue samples, were analyzed using the GEO2R tool. Additional bioinformatic techniques were used to carry out pathway analysis and functional enrichment, as well as to analyze the connection between altered gene expression and HPV infection. RESULTS In total, 48 DEGs were identified to be differentially expressed in cervical cancer tissues in comparison to healthy tissues. Among DEGs, CCND1, CCNA2 and SPP1 were the key dysregulated genes involved in HPV-associated cervical cancer. The five common miRNAs that were identified against these genes are miR-7-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-10b-5p and miR-27a-3p. The hub-DEGs targeted by miRNA hsa-miR-27a-3p are controlled by the common transcription factor SP1. CONCLUSIONS The present study has identified DEGs involved in HPV-associated cervical cancer progression and the various molecular pathways and transcription factors regulating them. These findings have led to a better understanding of cervical cancer resulting in the development and identification of possible therapeutic and intervention targets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Purnima Kartha
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sana Hassan
- Department of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Singh G, Sharma SK, Dorata A, Singh SK. miR-17 ~ 92 suppresses proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting cell cycle regulator Cdt2. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:172. [PMID: 37707654 PMCID: PMC10501107 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the 4th most leading cause of death among women worldwide, and if diagnosed in late stages the treatment options are almost negligible. 99% of CC is caused by high-risk human papilloma viruses (HR-HPV). Upon integration into human genome, the encoded viral proteins mis-regulate various onco-suppressors and checkpoint factors including cell cycle regulators. One such protein is cell cycle S phase licensing factor, CDC-10 dependent transcript-2 (Cdt2) which has been reported to be highly upregulated in various cancers including CC. Also, in CC cells, several tumor suppressor miRNAs are suppressed, including miR-17 ~ 92 cluster. In this study, we report that miR-17 ~ 92 directly recruits to 3'UTR of Cdt2 and downregulates this oncogene which suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of the CC cell lines without affecting non-cancerous cells. We further show that suppression of Cdt2 by miR-17 ~ 92, blocks the cancerous cells in S phase and induces apoptosis, eventually leading to their death. Hence, our work for the first time, mechanistically shows how miR-17 ~ 92 could work as tumor suppressor in cervical cancer cells, opening up the potential of miR-17 ~ 92 to be used in developing therapy for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Sonika Kumari Sharma
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Aastha Dorata
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Samarendra Kumar Singh
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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3
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Zhang L, Lai Y, Sun Y, Xu B, Qiang X, Zhou X, Wang T. HPV16 E6 regulates the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by downregulating miR-504. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:7588-7595. [PMID: 35117358 PMCID: PMC8799100 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection is a necessary condition for the pathogenesis and development of cervical cancer. The E6 protein is expressed by the HPV16 E6 gene and promotes malignant phenotype transformation, which is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. MicroRNA-504 (miR-504) has been reported as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene; the expression of miR-504 in cervical cancer has been found to be negatively correlated with HPV infection. However, the relationship between HPV16 E6 and miR-504 and the role of miR-504 in cervical cancer are not clear. In the current study, we observed the effect of HPV16 E6 on the expression of miR-504 in cervical cancer cells, and analyzed whether HPV16 E6 affects proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells by regulating the expression of miR-504. METHODS Cervical cancer cells (SiHa) were divided into four groups: the empty vector group, E6 overexpression group, E6 overexpression + miR-NC group, and E6 overexpression+miR-504 group. The expressions levels of HPV16 E6 mRNA and miR-504 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the expression level of HPV16 E6 protein was detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Tastelessly, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS The expression level of miR-504 was significantly decreased in E6 overexpression cells compared to the control cells (P<0.05); the overexpression of miR-504 with miR-504 mimic significantly reversed the downregulation of miR-504 in E6 overexpression SiHa cells (P<0.05). MTT and Transwell assays showed that the overexpression of E6 significantly increased proliferation and invasion of SiHa cells (P<0.05). The overexpression of miR-504 reversed the role of HPV16 E6 on the proliferation and invasion in E6 overexpression SiHa cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further analysis showed that the overexpression of E6 significantly reduced apoptosis of SiHa cells (P<0.05). The overexpression of miR-504 reversed the role of HPV16 E6 on apoptosis in E6 overexpression SiHa cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HPV16 E6 may promote the proliferation and invasion, and inhibit the apoptosis, of cervical cancer SiHa cells by downregulating miR-504 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Lai
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Baozhen Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Lishui Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Qiang
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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4
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Li D, Zhang F, Shi L, Lin L, Cai Q, Xu Y. Treatment of HPV Infection-Associated Low Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:101974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Liu J, Li Y, Chen X, Xu X, Zhao H, Wang S, Hao J, He B, Liu S, Wang J. Upregulation of miR-205 induces CHN1 expression, which is associated with the aggressive behaviour of cervical cancer cells and correlated with lymph node metastasis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1029. [PMID: 33109127 PMCID: PMC7590479 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. However, the mechanisms mediating the development and progression of cervical cancer are unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of microRNAs and a1-chimaerin (CHN1) protein in cervical cancer progression. METHODS The expression of miR-205 and CHN1 protein was investigated by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. We predicted the target genes of miR-205 using software prediction and dual luciferase assays. The expression of mRNAs and proteins was tested by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. The ability of cell growth, migration and invasion was evaluated by CCK-8 and transwell. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS We found that miR-205 and CHN1 were highly expressed in human cervical cancer tissue compared with paired normal cervical tissues. The CHN1 gene was shown to be targeted by miR-205 in HeLa cells. Interestingly, transfection with miR-205 mimic upregulated CHN1 mRNA and protein, while miR-205 inhibitor downregulated CHN1 in high-risk and human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative human cervical cancer cells in vitro,. These data suggested that miR-205 positively regulated the expression of CHN1. Furthermore, the miR-205 mimic promoted cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in high-risk and HPV-negative cervical cancer cells, while the miR-205 inhibitor blocked these biological processes. Knockdown of CHN1 obviously reduced the aggressive cellular behaviours induced by upregulation of miR-205, suggesting that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate these cell behaviours during the development of cervical cancer. Furthermore, CHN1 was correlated with lymph node metastasis in clinical specimens. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion during cervical cancer development, particularly for high-risk HPV-type cervical cancer. These findings suggested that dysregulation of miR-205 and subsequent abnormalities in CHN1 expression promoted the oncogenic potential of human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Basic Medical College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Chen
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuyan Liu
- School of Pre-clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiedong Wang
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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He S, Yu G, Peng K, Liu S. MicroRNA‑145‑5p suppresses fascin to inhibit the invasion and migration of cervical carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5282-5292. [PMID: 33174029 PMCID: PMC7646994 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) can affect the progression of cervical cancer (CC). The present study investigated the function of miR-145-5p in CC and demonstrated its association with fascin (FSCN1). The expression levels of miR-145-5p in CC tissues and cell lines were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and its direct targets were explored using a luciferase reporter assay. The viability, migration and invasion of HeLa cells transfected with small interfering FSCN1 or with miR-145-5p mimics and inhibitors were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. The expression levels of FSCN1 mRNA and protein were investigated using reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. miR-145-5p was downregulated in CC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of miR-145-5p inhibited the migration, invasion and viability of HeLa cells. miR-145-5p directly targeted FSCN1, which regulated the suppressive functions of miR-145-5p in CC cells. Overall, miR-145-5p is a tumor suppressor gene and a promising target for CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang He
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guiyuan Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Sisun Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Konoshenko M, Sagaradze G, Orlova E, Shtam T, Proskura K, Kamyshinsky R, Yunusova N, Alexandrova A, Efimenko A, Tamkovich S. Total Blood Exosomes in Breast Cancer: Potential Role in Crucial Steps of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7341. [PMID: 33027894 PMCID: PMC7582945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are crucial players in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in tumorigenesis. There are two fractions of blood circulating exosomes: free and cell-surface-associated. Here, we compared the effect of total blood exosomes (contain plasma exosomes and blood cell-surface-associated exosomes) and plasma exosomes from breast cancer patients (BCPs, n = 43) and healthy females (HFs, n = 35) on crucial steps of tumor progression. Exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration, followed by ultracentrifugation, and characterized by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and flow cytometry. Cryo-EM revealed a wider spectrum of exosome morphology with lipid bilayers and vesicular internal structures in the HF total blood in comparison with plasma. No differences in the morphology of both exosomes fractions were detected in BCP blood. The plasma exosomes and total blood exosomes of BCPs had different expression levels of tumor-associated miR-92a and miR-25-3p, induced angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased the number of migrating pseudo-normal breast cells and the total migration path length of cancer cells. The multidirectional effects of HF total blood exosomes on tumor dissemination were revealed; they suppress the angiogenesis and total migration path length of MCF10A, but stimulate EMT and increase the number of migrating MCF10A and the total path length of SKBR3 cells. In addition, HF plasma exosomes enhance the metastasis-promoting properties of SKBR3 cells and stimulate angiogenesis. Both cell-free and blood cell-surface-associated exosomes are involved in the crucial stages of carcinogenesis: the initiation of EMT and the stimulation of proliferation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Thus, for the estimation of the diagnostic/prognostic significance of circulating exosomes in the blood of cancer patients more correctly, the total blood exosomes, which consist of plasma exosomes and blood cell-surface-associated exosomes should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Georgy Sagaradze
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Evgeniya Orlova
- N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.); (A.A.)
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ksenia Proskura
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (K.P.)
- Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, 630108 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman Kamyshinsky
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre, “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Yunusova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Antonina Alexandrova
- N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.); (A.A.)
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Svetlana Tamkovich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (K.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Miao J, Regenstein JM, Xu D, Zhou D, Li H, Zhang H, Li C, Qiu J, Chen X. The roles of microRNA in human cervical cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 690:108480. [PMID: 32681832 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although a potentially preventable disease, cervical cancer (CC) is the second most commonly diagnosed gynaecological cancer with at least 530,000 new cases annually, and the prognosis with CC is still poor. Studies suggest that aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) contributes to the progression of CC. As a group of small non-coding RNA with 18-25 nucleotides, miRNA regulate about one-third of all human genes. They function by repressing translation or inducing mRNA cleavage or degradation, including genes involved in diverse and important cellular processes, including cell cycling, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Results showed that misexpression of miRNA is closely related to the onset and progression of CC. This review will provide an overview of the function of miRNA in CC and the mechanisms involved in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7201, USA
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Haixia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150010, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Ward, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China.
| | - Xun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
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9
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Kumar A, Rathi E, Hariharapura RC, Kini SG. Is viral E6 oncoprotein a viable target? A critical analysis in the context of cervical cancer. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2019-2048. [PMID: 32483862 DOI: 10.1002/med.21697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the pathology of cervical cancer (CC) mediated by E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) was developed by late 80's. But if we look at the present scenario, not a single drug could be developed to inhibit these oncoproteins and in turn, be used specifically for the treatment of CC. The readers are advised not to presume the "viability of E6 protein" as mentioned in the title relates to just druggability of E6. The viability aspect will cover almost everything a researcher should know to develop E6 inhibitors until the preclinical stage. Herein, we have analysed the achievements and shortcomings of the scientific community in the last four decades in targeting HPV E6 against CC. Role of all HPV proteins has been briefly described for better perspective with a little detailed discussion of the role of E6. We have reviewed the articles from 1985 onward, reporting in vitro inhibition of E6. Recently, many computational studies have reported potent E6 inhibitors and these have also been reviewed. Subsequently, a critical analysis has been reported to cover the in vitro assay protocols and in vivo models to develop E6 inhibitors. A paragraph has been devoted to the role of public policy to fight CC employing vaccines and whether the vaccine against HPV has quenched the zeal to develop drugs against it. The review concludes with the challenges and the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekta Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suvarna G Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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10
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Cui X, Wang X, Zhou X, Jia J, Chen H, Zhao W. miR-106a Regulates Cell Proliferation and Autophagy by Targeting LKB1 in HPV-16-Associated Cervical Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1129-1141. [PMID: 32345599 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
miR-106a is aberrantly regulated in various tumors and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism by which miR-106a contributes to cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains elusive. In this study, we verified that miR-106a was elevated in both human papilloma virus (HPV) 16-positive CSCC tissues and cell lines. ROC curve analysis showed that miR-106a could well distinguish HPV-16-positive CSCC tissues from normal cervical squamous epithelium tissues. High expression of miR-106a was associated with malignant clinicopathologic parameters in CSCC tissues. Exogenous expression of miR-106a greatly promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation while attenuated autophagy. Furthermore, a novel target of miR-106a, liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a proven tumor suppressor in cervical cancer was verified. Here we confirmed LKB1 was negatively correlated with malignant clinicopathologic parameters in CSCC tissues. Overexpression of LKB1 neutralized the effect of miR-106a on proliferation and autophagy in cervical cancer cell lines. In addition, the role of miR-106a in cell proliferation and autophagy was via LKB1 and its downstream pathway AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin. Of note, miR-106a was upregulated by HPV-16 E7 protein. The function of HPV-16 E7 to cell proliferation was suppressed when knockdown miR-106a in HPV-16 E7-expressing cells. IMPLICATIONS: Our study highlights the tumorigenic role and regulatory mechanism of miR-106a in CSCC. miR-106a may be a potential therapeutic target in HPV-associated cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hanxiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
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11
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Guo Q, Zhang Q, Lu L, Xu Y. Long noncoding RNA RUSC1-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis in cervical cancer by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of microRNA-744 and consequently increasing Bcl-2 expression. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1222-1235. [PMID: 32264732 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1749468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of a long noncoding RNA termed RUSC1-AS1 is dysregulated in breast cancer and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and this dysregulation affects various tumor-associated biological processes. To our knowledge, the expression status and detailed roles of RUSC1-AS1 in cervical cancer as well as its regulatory mechanisms of action remain unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to measure RUSC1-AS1 expression in cervical cancer, investigate the effects of RUSC1-AS1 on cervical cancer cells, and identify the mechanism underlying these effects. Herein, RUSC1-AS1 was found to be highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. High RUSC1-AS1 expression significantly correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall survival among the patients with cervical cancer. Functional assays revealed that interference with RUSC1-AS1 expression suppressed cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro; induced apoptosis in vitro; and impeded tumor growth in vivo. In addition, RUSC1-AS1 was demonstrated to act as a competing endogenous RNA of microRNA-744 (miR-744) and consequently increase B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2 or BCL2) expression levels in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, either inhibition of miR-744 or restoration of Bcl-2 expression neutralized the effects of the RUSC1-AS1 silencing on the malignant characteristics of cervical cancer cells. Thus, RUSC1-AS1 promotes the aggressiveness of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo by upregulating miR-744-Bcl-2 axis output. The RUSC1-AS1-miR-744-Bcl-2 pathway may be involved in cervical cancer pathogenesis and could serve as a novel target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lianwei Lu
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, Shandong, P.R. China
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12
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Dou X, Zhou Q, Wen M, Xu J, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Xu X. Long Noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 Promotes the Malignancy of Cervical Cancer by Sponging MicroRNA-760 and Upregulating Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1700. [PMID: 32082174 PMCID: PMC7005577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the functions of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (FOXD2-AS1) have been well studied in multiple human cancer types, its expression status and detailed roles in cervical cancer remain unknown and merit investigation. This study was aimed at assessing FOXD2-AS1 expression in cervical cancer and at determining its effects on the aggressive behavior of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Expression of FOXD2-AS1 in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines was determined via reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. The effects of FOXD2-AS1 on cervical cancer cells were examined by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow-cytometric analysis, migration and invasion assays, and an in vivo tumorigenicity assay. FOXD2-AS1 was found to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. High FOXD2-AS1 expression was notably linked with the Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, lymph node metastasis, and depth of cervical invasion in patients with cervical cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significantly shorter overall survival of patients when the tumor expression of FOXD2-AS1 was higher in comparison with those in patients with lower FOXD2-AS1 expression. In vitro functional assays revealed that downregulation of FOXD2-AS1 led to suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness as well as to the induction of apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. In addition, FOXD2-AS1 silencing hindered tumor growth in vivo. Mechanism investigation revealed that FOXD2-AS1 functioned as a molecular sponge of microRNA-760 (miR-760). Furthermore, hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was validated as a direct target gene of miR-760 in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, an miR-760 knockdown reversed the effects of FOXD2-AS1 silencing on cervical cancer cells. FOXD2-AS1 possesses significant oncogenic activity in cervical cancer progression; this activity is mediated by sponging of miR-760 with consequent upregulation of HDGF. The FOXD2-AS1-miR-760-HDGF axis might harbor promising targets for novel treatment strategies of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Dou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoqing Dou, ; Qun Zhou,
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoqing Dou, ; Qun Zhou,
| | - Mingxiao Wen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianli Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Wu F, Sui Y, Wang Y, Xu T, Fan L, Zhu H. Long Noncoding RNA SNHG7, a Molecular Sponge for microRNA-485, Promotes the Aggressive Behavior of Cervical Cancer by Regulating PAK4. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:685-699. [PMID: 32158221 PMCID: PMC6986251 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A long noncoding RNA called small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) is known to be a key regulator of biological processes in multiple human cancer types. In this study, our aims were to determine the expression status of SNHG7 in cervical cancer, to figure out the detailed roles of SNHG7 in cervical cancer cells, and to identify the mechanism underlying the activity of SNHG7 in cervical cancer. Methods Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was performed to measure SNHG7 expression in cervical cancer. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow-cytometric analysis, cell migration and invasion assays, and a tumor xenograft experiment were conducted to respectively determine the effects of SNHG7 on cervical cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Results SNHG7 was found to be markedly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Higher SNHG7 expression significantly correlated with FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, the depth of cervical invasion, and shorter overall survival in patients with cervical cancer. Functional experiments indicated that a SNHG7 knockdown attenuated proliferation, migration, and invasiveness and promoted apoptosis of cervical cancer cells in vitro. The SNHG7 knockdown also slowed tumor growth in vivo. Further investigation showed that SNHG7 acts as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-485 (miR-485) in cervical cancer cells, and the inhibitory actions of the SNHG7 knockdown on the malignant phenotype were reversed by miR-485 inhibition. P21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-485 in cervical cancer, and PAK4 expression was promoted by SNHG7. Conclusion SNHG7 functions as an oncogenic RNA in cervical cancer, competitively binds to miR-485, and thereby upregulates PAK4. This SNHG7–miR-485–PAK4 regulatory network may provide insights into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, and can help in the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Sui
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
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Ma J, Zhang F, Sun P. miR-140-3p impedes the proliferation of human cervical cancer cells by targeting RRM2 to induce cell-cycle arrest and early apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115283. [PMID: 31902649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a critically malignant tumor with the second mortality of females worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short but regulatory non-coding RNAs playing a pivotal role in many biological processes including tumorigenesis. However, the exact role of miR-140-3p in cervical cancer remains to be elucidated. Here we identified that miR-140-3p was significantly reduced in cervical cancer tissues by comprehensive analysis of TCGA data, hinting that higher expression level of miR-140-3p predicted a good clinical prognosis. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was performed to confirm the negative correlation between miR-140-3p expression level and human cervical cancer tissues as well as various cervical cancer cell lines. To clarify the certain role of miR-140-3p, forced expression by microRNA mimics was applied in Caski and C33A cells, showing that miR-140-3p overexpression significantly impeded the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by cell count kit (CCK-8) assay. Western blot analysis of cell cycle-related proteins Cyclin A, Cyclin B1 and Cyclin D1 have further confirmed the cell cycle arrest was induced by the ectopic expression of miR-140-3p. Annexin-V based FACS analysis also found the simultaneous appearance of early apoptotic cell population in miR-140-3p overexpression cells. The protein level of BCL-2 was attenuated in accompany with elevated Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 protein, indicating miR-140-3p overexpression induced early apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-140-3p could target the 3'UTR of RRM2 which has been proved to be highly involved in the onset of cancer. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-140-3p and RRM2 failed to inhibit the proliferation of human cervical cancer cells, revealing that RRM2 served as the target downstream gene of miR-140-3p abolishing its ability as a tumor suppressor. Overall, we figured out the new role of miR-140-3p in cervical cancer and concluded that miR-140-3p was a candidate of cancer control in preclinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, XiJing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, ChuiYangLiu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Gynaecology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, China.
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15
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Causin RL, Pessôa-Pereira D, Souza KCB, Evangelista AF, Reis RMV, Fregnani JHTG, Marques MMC. Identification and performance evaluation of housekeeping genes for microRNA expression normalization by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR using liquid-based cervical cytology samples. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4753-4761. [PMID: 31611985 PMCID: PMC6781752 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for cervical cancer by cytology has been effective in reducing the worldwide incidence and mortality rates of this disease. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that the sensitivity of conventional cervical cytology may be too low for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). Therefore, it is important to incorporate more sensitive molecular diagnostic tests that could substantially improve the detection rates and accuracy for identifying CIN lesions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs with the potential to provide robust non-invasive cancer biomarkers for detecting CIN lesions in liquid-based cervical cytology (LBC) samples. At present, there is no consensus on which are the best housekeeping genes for miRNA normalization in LBC. The present study aimed to identify housekeeping genes with consistent and reproducible performance for normalization of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) expression analysis of miRNA using LBC samples. The present study firstly selected six potential candidate housekeeping genes based on a systematic literature evaluation. Subsequently, the expression levels of microRNAs U6, RNU-44, RNU-47, RNU-48, RNU-49 and hsa-miR-16 were measured in 40 LBC samples using RT-qPCR. The stability of each potential housekeeping gene was assessed using the NormFinder algorithm. The results revealed that U6 and RNU-49 were the most stable genes among all candidates requiring fewer amplification cycles and smaller variation across the sample set. However, RNU-44, RNU-47, RNU-48 and hsa-miR-16 stability exceeded the recommended housekeeping value suitable for normalization. The findings revealed that U6 may be a reliable housekeeping gene for normalization of miRNA RT-qPCR expression analysis using LBC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhafaela Lima Causin
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Danielle Pessôa-Pereira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui Manuel Vieira Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Maria Chiquitelli Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences-FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo 14785-002, Brazil
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16
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Nahand JS, Taghizadeh-Boroujeni S, Karimzadeh M, Borran S, Pourhanifeh MH, Moghoofei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Karampoor S, Jafari A, Asemi Z, Tbibzadeh A, Namdar A, Mirzaei H. microRNAs: New prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17064-17099. [PMID: 30891784 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is as a kind of cancer beginning from the cervix. Given that cervical cancer could be observed in women who infected with papillomavirus, regular oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. Early detection of cervical cancer is one of the most important aspects of the therapy of this malignancy. Despite several efforts, finding and developing new biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis are required. Among various prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers, miRNA have been emerged as powerful biomarkers for detection, treatment, and monitoring of response to therapy in cervical cancer. Here, we summarized various miRNAs as an employable platform for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Taghizadeh-Boroujeni
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Brujen, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimzadeh
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Jafari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tbibzadeh
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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17
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Liu SS, Chan KKL, Chu DKH, Wei TN, Lau LSK, Ngu SF, Chu MMY, Tse KY, Ip PPC, Ng EKO, Cheung ANY, Ngan HYS. Oncogenic microRNA signature for early diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:2009-2022. [PMID: 30221475 PMCID: PMC6275249 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women globally, despite the widespread use of cytology/human papillomavirus (HPV) screening. In the present study, we aimed to identify the potential role of microRNA (miRNA) as a diagnostic biomarker in the detection of cervical pre‐malignant lesions and cancer. In total, we recruited 582 patients with cervical diseases and 145 control individuals. The expression levels of six miRNAs (miR‐20a, miR‐92a, miR‐141, miR‐183*, miR‐210 and miR‐944) were found to be significantly up‐regulated in cervical cancer and pre‐malignant lesions compared to normal cervical samples, indicating that they are oncogenic miRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that these six miRNAs can be used to distinguish patients with cervical pre‐malignant lesions or cancer from normal individuals and they also had a good predictive performance, particularly in cervical lesions. Combined use of these six miRNAs further enhanced the diagnostic accuracy over any single miRNA marker, with an area under the curve of 0.998, 0.996 and 0.959, a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.9%, 97.2% and 91.4%, and a specificity of 98.6%, 96.6% and 87.6% for low‐grade lesions, high‐grade lesions and cancer, respectively. This six oncogenic miRNA signature may be suitable for use as diagnostic marker for cervical pre‐malignant lesions and cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Karen K L Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Daniel K H Chu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tina N Wei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lesley S K Lau
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Siew F Ngu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mandy M Y Chu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ka Yu Tse
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Philip P C Ip
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Enders K O Ng
- Pangenia Lifesciences Limited, Billion Centre, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Zhou M, Chen X, Wu J, He X, Ren R. MicroRNA-143 regulates cell migration and invasion by targeting GOLM1 in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6393-6400. [PMID: 30405775 PMCID: PMC6202488 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated research has revealed that the abnormal expression of microRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis, potentially serving as therapeutic biomarkers in multiple tumors including cervical cancer. However, the expression level, biological role and the underlying mechanism of miRNA-143 in cervical cancer remain unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the miRNA-143 and golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) expression in cervical cancer tissues and cells to explore their effects on cervical cancer occurrence and metastasis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the miRNA-143 expression in cervical cancer tissues and cells. Following transfection, cell Transwell assays, western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assays were carried out in human cervical cancer cells. Results demonstrated that the miRNA-143 expression was dramatically decreased in both cervical cancer tissue samples and cells in contrast with the control group. We also found that the miRNA-143 expression negatively correlated with the GOLM1 expression in cervical cancer tissues and miRNA-143 inhibited cell invasion and migration via targeting GOLM1 in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Burn, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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MiR-92a Inhibits the Progress of Osteosarcoma Cells and Increases the Cisplatin Sensitivity by Targeting Notch1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9870693. [PMID: 29984257 PMCID: PMC6011149 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9870693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Here, we aimed to illustrate the important role of miR-92a on the regulation of OS development which may help to establish a novel strategy for OS diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry with PI and PI/Annexin-V stain, respectively. The expression of proteins was examined by western blot. qPCR was used to detect the expression of RNA. Cell migration was assayed with transwell assay. Results MiR-92a inhibited the proliferation and the migration of OS in vitro and reduced the volume of the tumour in vivo. Further, miR-92a enhanced cisplatin sensitivity of OS. MiR-92a directly targeted Notch1. Conclusion Together, our results indicate that miR-92a inhibited cell growth, migration, and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity of OS cell by targeting Notch1.
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20
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Hu Q, Du K, Mao X, Ning S. miR-197 is downregulated in cervical carcinogenesis and suppresses cell proliferation and invasion through targeting forkhead box M1. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:10063-10069. [PMID: 29928375 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in females worldwide. It has been demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) serve important roles in the occurrence and development of various types of cancer, including cervical cancer. The results of the present study revealed that miR-197 was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Restoration of miR-197 expression significantly inhibited cell viability and invasion of cervical cancer. Additionally, forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-197. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that FOXM1 was a potential target gene of miR-197. Luciferase reporter assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that miR-197 decreased FOXM1 expression through direct binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Furthermore, the effects of FOXM1 underexpression were comparable with the effects induced by miR-197 overexpression in cervical cancer cells, suggesting that FOXM1 acted as a downstream effector in miR-197-mediated proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells. The results of the present study suggested that miR-197 inhibited growth and metastasis of cervical cancer by directly targeting FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Siqing Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
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Dysregulation of cellular microRNAs by human oncogenic viruses - Implications for tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:95-105. [PMID: 29378330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infection with certain animal and human viruses, often referred to as tumor viruses, induces oncogenic processes in their host. These viruses can induce tumorigenesis through direct and/or indirect mechanisms, and the regulation of microRNAs expression has been shown to play a key role in this process. Some human oncogenic viruses can express their own microRNAs; however, they all can dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, facilitating their respective life cycles. The modulation of cellular microRNAs expression brings consequences to the host cells that may lead to malignant transformation, since microRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in oncogenic pathways. This review focus on the mechanisms used by each human oncogenic virus to dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, and their impact on tumorigenesis.
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Expression of VHL tumor suppressor mRNA and miR-92a in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their correlation with clinical and pathological parameters. Med Oncol 2018; 35:17. [PMID: 29340905 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a role of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Our previous study of VHL in PTCs showed that lower VHL expression was associated with aggressive tumor features, but we found no evidence for VHL downregulation through common genetic or epigenetic modifications. Several studies pointed to a role of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in the regulation of VHL expression in different cancers. In the present study, we examined the expression levels of VHL mRNA and miR-92a in 42 pairs of PTCs and matched non-tumor thyroid tissues by means of quantitative RT-PCR. We explored the correlation between them and their association with clinicopathological parameters. The results revealed that both VHL and miR-92a were either up- or downregulated in PTCs compared to corresponding non-tumor tissues. On univariate analysis, lower VHL levels were significantly associated with extrathyroid spread (P = 0.022) and capsular invasion (P = 0.032). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of low VHL with extrathyroid spread (OR 0.246, 95% CI 0.069-0.872, P = 0.038). Higher miR-92a among PTC tissues associated with the presence of nodal metastases (univariate analysis: P = 0.012; multivariate: OR 4.703, 95% CI 1.109-19.938, P = 0.036). A negative correlation between VHL and miR-92a was observed in a subgroup of PTCs having vascular invasion (P = 0.033, r = - 0.673). The data here reported demonstrate that the expression of both VHL and miR-92a is deregulated in PTC tissues and that in some PTCs they may have opposite roles. These roles, as well as their diagnostic and/or prognostic utility, remain to be clarified.
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Miao N, Wang X, Feng Y, Gong Y. Male-biased miR-92 from early chicken embryonic gonads directly targets ATRX and DDX3X. Gene 2017; 626:326-336. [PMID: 28554548 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MiR-17-92 cluster consists of multifunctional miRNAs related to gonadal development in mammals. Our preliminary data showed that gga-miR-92 was male-biased in chicken embryonic gonads at E5.5 and E6.5. MiR-92(a-2) and two putative targets (ATRX and DDX3X) were highly conserved and located on mammalian Chromosome X but on autosomes in chicken. Here, we studied the expression and interaction of miR-92 and the targets (ATRX and DDX3X) in chicken embryonic gonads. What's more, male-biased miR-92 shows an opposite expression tendency with ATRX and DDX3X in eight embryonic stages and different tissues at E10.5 by qRT-PCR. To verify the regulation relationship between miR-92 and two targets, we performed dual-luciferase reporter assay in DF1, overexpression and inhibition of miR-92 in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs). The results show that miR-92 directly targets ATRX and DDX3X by binding the 3' un-translated region (3'-UTR), and the over-expression and inhibition of miR-92 negatively regulates ATRX and DDX3X. After the identification of the expression of their downstream genes (AMH and WNT4) in mRNA level, we found that there is no regulatory relationship between ATRX and DDX3X. The overall results indicate that miR-92 may perform roles in early chicken gonadogenesis by regulating the expressions of ATRX and DDX3X, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Institute of Genomics, College of Biomedical, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanzhang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Liang J, Zhang Z, Lou H, Zhao L, Xu Y, Ou R. MicroRNA-329-3p targets MAPK1 to suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2743-2750. [PMID: 28393232 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer worldwide and remains as one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women. Despite great progress in the treatment of cervical cancer, the 5-year overall survival rate for patients with this disease remains unsatisfactory. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies indicate a central role for microRNAs in the initiation and progression of cervical cancer. microRNA‑329-3p (miR-329-3p) has been studied in many types of human cancer; however, the expression level, biological role and the underlying mechanism of miR-329-3p in cervical cancer has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we found that the expression levels of miR-329-3p were reduced in both cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Low miR-329-3p expression was negatively correlated with histological grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer patients. In addition, upregulation of miR‑329-3p suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer. Furthermore, MAPK1 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-329-3p. MAPK1 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and was inversely correlated with miR-329-3p expression in the cervical cancer tissues. Silencing of MAPK1 by RNA interference mimicked the effects of miR-329-3p overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cervical cancer. Moreover, rescue experiments showed that restoration of the expression of MAPK1 reversed the effects of miR‑329-3p overexpression in cervical cancer cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-329-3p has a critical tumor-suppressive roles by directly targeting MAPK1 in cervical cancer, and it may be investigated as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhechao Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Lou
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Rongying Ou
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Granados-López AJ, Ruiz-Carrillo JL, Servín-González LS, Martínez-Rodríguez JL, Reyes-Estrada CA, Gutiérrez-Hernández R, López JA. Use of Mature miRNA Strand Selection in miRNAs Families in Cervical Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020407. [PMID: 28216603 PMCID: PMC5343941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant miRNA expression is well recognized as a cancer hallmark, nevertheless miRNA function and expression does not always correlate in patients tissues and cell lines studies. In addition to this issue, miRNA strand usage conduces to increased cell signaling pathways modulation diversifying cellular processes regulation. In cervical cancer, 20 miRNA families are involved in carcinogenesis induction and development to this moment. These families have 5p and 3p strands with different nucleotide (nt) chain sizes. In general, mature 5p strands are larger: two miRNAs of 24 nt, 24 miRNAs of 23 nt, 35 miRNAs of 22 nt and three miRNAs of 21 nt. On the other hand, the 3p strands lengths observed are: seven miRNAs of 23 nt, 50 miRNAs of 22 nt, six miRNAs of 21 nt and four miRNAs of 20 nt. Based on the analysis of the 20 miRNA families associated with cervical cancer, 67 3p strands and 65 5p strands are selected suggesting selectivity and specificity mechanisms regulating cell processes like proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, metabolism and Warburg effect. The insight reviewed here could be used in the miRNA based therapy, diagnosis and prognosis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Judith Granados-López
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Campus II, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
| | - José Luis Ruiz-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
| | | | - José Luis Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Araceli Reyes-Estrada
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas en la Especialidad en Farmacología Médica y Molecular de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacas, Campus Siglo XXI, Kilómetro 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas CP 98160, Mexico.
| | - Rosalinda Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas en la Especialidad en Farmacología Médica y Molecular de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacas, Campus Siglo XXI, Kilómetro 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas CP 98160, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- Laboratorio de microRNAs, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
- Doctorado en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacateacs, Av. Preparatoria S/N, Campus II, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico.
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Shi C, Zhang Z. MicroRNA-362 is downregulated in cervical cancer and inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting SIX1. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:501-509. [PMID: 27878258 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women accounting for 12% of all human cancers in the world. Mounting evidence demonstrates that microRNAs play important roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression, roles and molecular mechanism of microRNA-362 (miR-362) in cervical cancer. According to the results, we found that expression level of miR-362 was significantly reduced in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Low miR-362 expression was correlated with FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion in cervical cancer. Functional assays showed that restoration of miR-362 repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cervical cancer. We also provided direct evidence that sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) was a direct target of miR-362 in cervical cancer, which was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. SIX1 was upregulated in cervical cancer and inversely correlated with miR‑362 expression in cervical cancer. In addition, SIX1 knockdown could simulate the roles of miR-362 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer. Moreover, rescue experiments indicated that restoration of SIX1 was sufficient to abolish proliferation, migration and invasion induced by miR-362 overexpression in cervical cancer cells. The newly identified miR-362/SIX1 pathway provides insight into cervical cancer progression, and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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27
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GUO QINGZHI, DONG BAIHUA, NAN FANGFANG, GUAN DONGDONG, ZHANG YOUZHONG. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in human cervical cancer via the activation of microRNA-143 and suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:544-50. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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He K, Niu G, Gao J, Liu JX, Qu H. MicroRNA-92 expression may be associated with reduced estrogen receptor β1 mRNA levels in cervical portion of uterosacral ligaments in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 198:94-99. [PMID: 26803387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined microRNA-92 (miR-92) expression level in relation to the mRNA level of its potential target gene, estrogen receptor β1 (ERβ1), in female patients diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). STUDY DESIGN Between July 2012 and September 2014, a total of 104 patients were recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, which included 56 POP patients and 48 non-POP control subjects. Based on POP-Q score, the POP patients were further categorized into POP II and POP III groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify miR-92 expression level. ERβ1 tissue expression was measured by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS No remarkable differences were observed between the POP group and non-POP group, and between the POP II and POP III groups, with respect to age, body mass index (BMI), parity, menopause status, and family history of POP. The expression level of miR-92 in the POP group was dramatically higher than the non-POP group (P<0.05). Consistent with the disease status, miR-92 expression level in POP III group was markedly higher than the POP II group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed significantly reduced levels of ERβ1 in the POP group compared to the non-POP group, with similar results obtained between the POP III and POP II groups (all P<0.05). IHC results showed ERβ1 staining mainly in the nucleus and semi-quantitative measurements, expressed as positive expression rate, revealed that ERβ1 level in the POP group was clearly lower than non-POP group. Finally, statistical analysis of IHC results from uterosacral ligament tissue showed inverse correlation between miR-92 and ERβ1 expression levels in POP patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed increased miR-92 expression and decreased ERβ1 level in uterosacral ligaments of women diagnosed with POP, compared to non-POP subjects POP III patients exhibited more severe changes than POP II patients. Further, ERβ1expression is inversely correlated to miR-92 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-92 and ERβ1 expression levels may be used as reliable diagnostic markers for assessing the severity of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Gang Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jun-Xiu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hu Qu
- Department of Urology, Reproductive Center, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
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29
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Families of microRNAs Expressed in Clusters Regulate Cell Signaling in Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12773-90. [PMID: 26057746 PMCID: PMC4490472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have developed advantages to acquire hallmarks of cancer like apoptosis resistance, increased proliferation, migration, and invasion through cell signaling pathway misregulation. The sequential activation of genes in a pathway is regulated by miRNAs. Loss or gain of miRNA expression could activate or repress a particular cell axis. It is well known that aberrant miRNA expression is well recognized as an important step in the development of cancer. Individual miRNA expression is reported without considering that miRNAs are grouped in clusters and may have similar functions, such as the case of clusters with anti-oncomiRs (23b~27b~24-1, miR-29a~29b-1, miR-29b-2~29c, miR-99a~125b-2, miR-99b~125a, miR-100~125b-1, miR-199a-2~214, and miR-302s) or oncomiRs activity (miR-1-1~133a-2, miR-1-2~133a-1, miR-133b~206, miR-17~92, miR-106a~363, miR183~96~182, miR-181a-1~181b-1, and miR-181a-2~181b-2), which regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), NOTCH, proteasome-culling rings, and apoptosis cell signaling. In this work we point out the pathways regulated by families of miRNAs grouped in 20 clusters involved in cervical cancer. Reviewing how miRNA families expressed in cluster-regulated cell path signaling will increase the knowledge of cervical cancer progression, providing important information for therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic methodology design.
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30
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Meta-analysis of microRNA expression profiling studies in human cervical cancer. Med Oncol 2015; 32:510. [PMID: 25920605 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and numerous studies have associated the disease with changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression. This meta-analysis aimed to consolidate and assess the results of these studies in order to identify potential miRNA biomarkers of cervical cancer. We systematically searched the literature for studies comparing miRNA expression between cervical cancer tissues and normal cervical tissues, and we meta-analyzed the result of 27 studies comprising 1,132 cancer samples and 943 normal samples. We used a vote-counting strategy that took into account total sample and mean fold-change, in order to comprehensively assess associations between certain miRNAs and cervical cancer occurrence and progression. The studies described 195 miRNAs that were significantly up-regulated and 96 microRNAs that were down-regulated in cervical cancer tissues (stage I-IV) relative to normal cervical tissues. Vote-counting analysis showed that up-regulation was most consistently reported for miR-20a and miR-21 (four studies), followed by miR-10a, miR-15b, miR-20b, miR-141, miR-200a, and miR-224 (three studies). Down-regulation was reported most consistently for miR-143 (seven studies), followed by miR-203 and miR-145 (six studies). Fourteen miRNA, respectively, showed a significantly correlated lymphatic node metastasis in eight studies. This meta-analysis has identified several miRNAs whose expression correlates reliably with cervical cancer. These should be probed in further studies to explore their potential as diagnostic biomarkers.
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31
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Guo R, Gu J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Gu C. MicroRNA-410 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting angiotensin II type 1 receptor in pancreatic cancer. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:42-53. [PMID: 25646808 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes and are intimately involved in tumorigenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-410 in pancreatic cancer remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that miR-410 overexpression suppressed pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo as well as cell invasion and migration. miR-410 also resulted in G1/S cell-cycle arrest. We then showed that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) was a direct target of miR-410, with miR-410 suppressing AGTR1 expression levels. In contrast, inhibition of miR-410 increased the expression of AGTR1. Silencing of AGTR1 inhibited cell growth and invasion, similar to miR-410 overexpression. In addition, we found that the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and the activation of the ERK signaling pathway by angiotensin II were blocked by miR-410, similar to the angiotensin II inhibitor losartan. miR-410 overexpression inhibited angiogenesis in mice through the repression of CD31 expression. ERK pathway knockdown suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Finally, we found that miR-410 was downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to adjacent nontumor tissues, whereas AGTR1 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues. Pearson correlation analysis showed that miR-410 and AGTR1 were inversely expressed. In conclusion, our data indicate that miR-410 suppresses pancreatic cancer growth, cell invasion, migration, and angiogenesis via the downregulation of AGTR1, acting as a tumor-suppressive miRNA. In addition, our results suggest that miR-410 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rende Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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32
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Galamb Á, Benczik M, Zinner B, Vígh E, Baghy K, Jeney C, Kiss A, Lendvai G, Sobel G. Dysregulation of microRNA expression in human cervical preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:503-8. [PMID: 25601525 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Data discussed in recent reviews demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles occurs during cervical carcinogenesis and characteristic up- or downregulation of certain miRNAs might be used as biomarkers. The majority of altered miRNAs, however were found to be inconsistent upon comparison with cancerous and normal cervical epithelia in the discussed studies due to several reasons. The results obtained in this present review suggest the need for further investigations on miRNAs on larger sample sizes in order to indicate sensitivity and specificity by means of well defined, "unified" methods. In addition, obtaining further data on the clinical course and outcome of patients in comparison to the dysregulation of miRNA expression profile could turn miRNAs into prognostic and/or progression markers. Inhibition of overexpressed miRNAs, as suggested by some authors, might even serve as target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Galamb
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
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33
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Shen C, Yang H, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu R. Inhibitory effect and mechanisms of microRNA-146b-5p on the proliferation and metastatic potential of Caski human cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3955-61. [PMID: 25572123 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common cause of cancer‑associate mortality in females, and metastasis is strongly associated with failure of cervical cancer treatment. Previous studies have indicated that microRNA (miR)‑146b‑5p is involved in the inhibition of proliferation and metastasis of numerous human cancer types. The aim of the present study was to explore the inhibitory effect of miR‑156b‑5p on the proliferation and metastatic potential of Caski human cervical cancer cells, as well as to determine the mechanisms by which it proceeds. The results demonstrated that miR‑146b‑5p was able to inhibit the proliferative, invasive and adhesive potential and block the cell cycle progression of Caski human cervical cancer cells, as determined using MTS and transwell assays as well as flow cytometry. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that transfection with miR‑146b‑5p decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of C‑X‑C chemokine receptor type 4, matrix metalloproteinase‑2 and ‑9, c‑Myc, cyclin D1 and human papilloma virus 16. In addition, the secretion levels of transforming growth factor‑β, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and tumor necrosis factor‑α, the telomerase activity, the phosphorylation of c‑Jun N‑terminal protein kinase and protein kinase B and the transcriptional activities of nuclear factor‑κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription‑3 and ‑5 were reduced. However, increased levels of p27 and p53 were detected in the miR‑146b‑5p‑overexpressing Caski cells. These results indicate that miR‑146b‑5p may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer through regulation of cell chemotaxis and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
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34
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Adams AK, Wise-Draper TM, Wells SI. Human papillomavirus induced transformation in cervical and head and neck cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1793-820. [PMID: 25226287 PMCID: PMC4190568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widely publicized and researched pathogenic DNA viruses. For decades, HPV research has focused on transforming viral activities in cervical cancer. During the past 15 years, however, HPV has also emerged as a major etiological agent in cancers of the head and neck, in particular squamous cell carcinoma. Even with significant strides achieved towards the screening and treatment of cervical cancer, and preventive vaccines, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths for women in developing countries. Furthermore, routine screens are not available for those at risk of head and neck cancer. The current expectation is that HPV vaccination will prevent not only cervical, but also head and neck cancers. In order to determine if previous cervical cancer models for HPV infection and transformation are directly applicable to head and neck cancer, clinical and molecular disease aspects must be carefully compared. In this review, we briefly discuss the cervical and head and neck cancer literature to highlight clinical and genomic commonalities. Differences in prognosis, staging and treatment, as well as comparisons of mutational profiles, viral integration patterns, and alterations in gene expression will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie K Adams
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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35
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Xu X, Ye Q. Regulation of viral oncogenesis by microRNAs. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e29910. [PMID: 27308317 PMCID: PMC4905170 DOI: 10.4161/mco.29910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection may play a causative role in human cancers, for example hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) in liver cancer, human papilloma virus (HPV) in cervical cancer, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Virally infected cells express viral-encoded genes that are critical for oncogenesis. Some viruses also encode microRNA (miRNA) species. miRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that play an important role in cancer development and progression. Recent studies indicate an important interplay among viral oncoproteins, virus-encoded miRNAs, cellular miRNAs, and cellular genes. This review focuses on modulation of HBV-, HCV-, HPV-, and EBV-associated cancers by cellular and/or viral miRNA. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of viral carcinogenesis by miRNAs may provide new targets for the development of specific viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology; Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology; Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; Beijing, PR China
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36
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Duan JH, Fang L. MicroRNA-92 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion through targeting FXR. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11013-9. [PMID: 25095974 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, play critical roles in human carcinogenesis through downregulation of various target genes. In the present study, we found that miR-92 is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Interestingly, miR-92 expression is significantly associated with clinical characteristics of patients. Gain or loss-of-function in vitro experiments further show that miR-92 mimics significantly promoted, while its antisense oligos inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays and western blot indicated that farnesoid X receptor (FXR), is a direct target of miR-92. Therefore, our data suggest that upregulation of miR-92 may represent an important mechanism for the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China,
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37
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Rieken S, Simon F, Habermehl D, Dittmar JO, Combs SE, Weber K, Debus J, Lindel K. Photon-induced cell migration and integrin expression promoted by DNA integration of HPV16 genome. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:944-9. [PMID: 24643883 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) infections are a major cause of cervical cancer. The integration of the viral DNA into the host genome causes E2 gene disruption which prevents apoptosis and increases host cell motility. In cervical cancer patients, survival is limited by local infiltration and systemic dissemination. Surgical control rates are poor in cases of parametrial infiltration. In these patients, radiotherapy (RT) is administered to enhance local control. However, photon irradiation itself has been reported to increase cell motility. In cases of E2-disrupted cervical cancers, this phenomon would impose an additional risk of enhanced tumor cell motility. Here, we analyze mechanisms underlying photon-increased migration in keratinocytes with differential E2 gene status. METHODS Isogenic W12 (intact E2 gene status) and S12 (disrupted E2 gene status) keratinocytes were analyzed in fibronectin-based and serum-stimulated migration experiments following single photon doses of 0, 2, and 10 Gy. Quantitative FACS analyses of integrin expression were performed. RESULTS Migration and adhesion are increased in E2 gene-disrupted keratinocytes. E2 gene disruption promotes attractability by serum components, therefore, effectuating the risk of local infiltration and systemic dissemination. In S12 cells, migration is further increased by photon RT which leads to enhanced expression of fibronectin receptor integrins. CONCLUSION HPV16-associated E2 gene disruption is a main predictor of treatment-refractory cancer virulence. E2 gene disruption promotes cell motility. Following photon RT, E2-disrupted tumors bear the risk of integrin-related infiltration and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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