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Juknevičienė M, Balnytė I, Valančiūtė A, Alonso MM, Preikšaitis A, Sužiedėlis K, Stakišaitis D. Differential Impact of Valproic Acid on SLC5A8, SLC12A2, SLC12A5, CDH1, and CDH2 Expression in Adult Glioblastoma Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1416. [PMID: 39061990 PMCID: PMC11274075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and epigenetic effects. The study aimed to determine the expression of carcinogenesis-related SLC5A8, SLC12A2, SLC12A5, CDH1, and CDH2 in adult glioblastoma U87 MG and T98G cells and the effects of 0.5 mM, 0.75 mM, and 1.5 mM doses of VPA. RNA gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as a control. U87 and T98G control cells do not express SLC5A8 or CDH1. SLC12A5 was expressed in U87 control but not in T98G control cells. The SLC12A2 expression in the U87 control was significantly lower than in the T98G control. T98G control cells showed significantly higher CDH2 expression than U87 control cells. VPA treatment did not affect SLC12A2 expression in U87 cells, whereas treatment dose-dependently increased SLC12A2 expression in T98G cells. Treatment with 1.5 mM VPA induced SLC5A8 expression in U87 cells, while treatment of T98G cells with VPA did not affect SLC5A8 expression. Treatment of U87 cells with VPA significantly increased SLC12A5 expression. VPA increases CDH1 expression depending on the VPA dose. CDH2 expression was significantly increased only in the U87 1.5 mM VPA group. Tested VPA doses significantly increased CDH2 expression in T98G cells. When approaching treatment tactics, assessing the cell's sensitivity to the agent is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.J.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.J.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.J.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Marta Marija Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Aidanas Preikšaitis
- Centre of Neurosurgery, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Kęstutis Sužiedėlis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.J.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Krauze AV, Zhao Y, Li MC, Shih J, Jiang W, Tasci E, Cooley Zgela T, Sproull M, Mackey M, Shankavaram U, Tofilon P, Camphausen K. Revisiting Concurrent Radiation Therapy, Temozolomide, and the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid for Patients with Glioblastoma-Proteomic Alteration and Comparison Analysis with the Standard-of-Care Chemoirradiation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1499. [PMID: 37892181 PMCID: PMC10604983 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor with an overall survival (OS) of less than 30% at two years. Valproic acid (VPA) demonstrated survival benefits documented in retrospective and prospective trials, when used in combination with chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). PURPOSE The primary goal of this study was to examine if the differential alteration in proteomic expression pre vs. post-completion of concurrent chemoirradiation (CRT) is present with the addition of VPA as compared to standard-of-care CRT. The second goal was to explore the associations between the proteomic alterations in response to VPA/RT/TMZ correlated to patient outcomes. The third goal was to use the proteomic profile to determine the mechanism of action of VPA in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum obtained pre- and post-CRT was analyzed using an aptamer-based SOMAScan® proteomic assay. Twenty-nine patients received CRT plus VPA, and 53 patients received CRT alone. Clinical data were obtained via a database and chart review. Tests for differences in protein expression changes between radiation therapy (RT) with or without VPA were conducted for individual proteins using two-sided t-tests, considering p-values of <0.05 as significant. Adjustment for age, sex, and other clinical covariates and hierarchical clustering of significant differentially expressed proteins was carried out, and Gene Set Enrichment analyses were performed using the Hallmark gene sets. Univariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the individual protein expression changes for an association with survival. The lasso Cox regression method and 10-fold cross-validation were employed to test the combinations of expression changes of proteins that could predict survival. Predictiveness curves were plotted for significant proteins for VPA response (p-value < 0.005) to show the survival probability vs. the protein expression percentiles. RESULTS A total of 124 proteins were identified pre- vs. post-CRT that were differentially expressed between the cohorts who received CRT plus VPA and those who received CRT alone. Clinical factors did not confound the results, and distinct proteomic clustering in the VPA-treated population was identified. Time-dependent ROC curves for OS and PFS for landmark times of 20 months and 6 months, respectively, revealed AUC of 0.531, 0.756, 0.774 for OS and 0.535, 0.723, 0.806 for PFS for protein expression, clinical factors, and the combination of protein expression and clinical factors, respectively, indicating that the proteome can provide additional survival risk discrimination to that already provided by the standard clinical factors with a greater impact on PFS. Several proteins of interest were identified. Alterations in GALNT14 (increased) and CCL17 (decreased) (p = 0.003 and 0.003, respectively, FDR 0.198 for both) were associated with an improvement in both OS and PFS. The pre-CRT protein expression revealed 480 proteins predictive for OS and 212 for PFS (p < 0.05), of which 112 overlapped between OS and PFS. However, FDR-adjusted p values were high, with OS (the smallest p value of 0.586) and PFS (the smallest p value of 0.998). The protein PLCD3 had the lowest p-value (p = 0.002 and 0.0004 for OS and PFS, respectively), and its elevation prior to CRT predicted superior OS and PFS with VPA administration. Cancer hallmark genesets associated with proteomic alteration observed with the administration of VPA aligned with known signal transduction pathways of this agent in malignancy and non-malignancy settings, and GBM signaling, and included epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hedgehog signaling, Il6/JAK/STAT3, coagulation, NOTCH, apical junction, xenobiotic metabolism, and complement signaling. CONCLUSIONS Differential alteration in proteomic expression pre- vs. post-completion of concurrent chemoirradiation (CRT) is present with the addition of VPA. Using pre- vs. post-data, prognostic proteins emerged in the analysis. Using pre-CRT data, potentially predictive proteins were identified. The protein signals and hallmark gene sets associated with the alteration in the proteome identified between patients who received VPA and those who did not, align with known biological mechanisms of action of VPA and may allow for the identification of novel biomarkers associated with outcomes that can help advance the study of VPA in future prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra V. Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.-C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Ming-Chung Li
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.-C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Shih
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.-C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Will Jiang
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Erdal Tasci
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Theresa Cooley Zgela
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Megan Mackey
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Philip Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (T.C.Z.); (U.S.); (P.T.)
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Antitumor Potential of Antiepileptic Drugs in Human Glioblastoma: Pharmacological Targets and Clinical Benefits. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020582. [PMID: 36831117 PMCID: PMC9953000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by fast-growing cells, genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, and radio-chemo-therapy resistance, contributing to its dismal prognosis. Various medical comorbidities are associated with the natural history of GBM. The most disabling and greatly affecting patients' quality of life are neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and GBM-related epilepsy (GRE). Hallmarks of GBM include molecular intrinsic mediators and pathways, but emerging evidence supports the key role of non-malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment in GBM aggressive behavior. In this context, hyper-excitability of neurons, mediated by glutamatergic and GABAergic imbalance, contributing to GBM growth strengthens the cancer-nervous system crosstalk. Pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, and pharmacological management of GRE with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and their interactions are poorly explored, yet it is a potentially promising field of research in cancer neuroscience. The present review summarizes emerging cooperative mechanisms in oncogenesis and epileptogenesis, focusing on the neuron-to-glioma interface. The main effects and efficacy of selected AEDs used in the management of GRE are discussed in this paper, as well as their potential beneficial activity as antitumor treatment. Overall, although still many unclear processes overlapping in GBM growth and seizure onset need to be elucidated, this review focuses on the intriguing targeting of GBM-neuron mutual interactions to improve the outcome of the so challenging to treat GBM.
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Han W, Guan W. Valproic Acid: A Promising Therapeutic Agent in Glioma Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687362. [PMID: 34568018 PMCID: PMC8461314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, characterized by infiltrative growth and treatment resistance, is regarded as the most prevalent intracranial malignant tumor. Due to its poor prognosis, accumulating investigation has been performed for improvement of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in glioma patients. Valproic acid (VPA), one of the most common histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), has been detected to directly or synergistically exert inhibitory effects on glioma in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we generalize the latest advances of VPA in treating glioma and its underlying mechanisms and clinical implications, providing a clearer profile for clinical application of VPA as a therapeutic agent for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Stritzelberger J, Lainer J, Gollwitzer S, Graf W, Jost T, Lang JD, Mueller TM, Schwab S, Fietkau R, Hamer HM, Distel L. Ex vivo radiosensitivity is increased in non-cancer patients taking valproate. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:390. [PMID: 33099323 PMCID: PMC7585294 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Valproate (VPA) is a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug for patients experiencing epileptic seizures due to brain tumors. VPA increases radiation sensitivity in various tumor cells in vitro due to complex mechanisms. This could make tumors more vulnerable to ionizing radiation or overcome radioresistance. Yet, clinical data on possible improvement of tumor control by adding VPA to tumor therapy is controversial. Potentially radiosensitizing effects of VPA on healthy tissue remain unclear. To determine individual radiosensitivity, we analyzed blood samples of individuals taking VPA. Methods Ex vivo irradiated blood samples of 31 adult individuals with epilepsy were studied using 3-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Aberrations in chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were analyzed. Radiosensitivity was determined by the mean breaks per metaphase (B/M) and compared to age-matched (2:1) healthy donors. Results The patient cohort (n = 31; female: 38.7%) showed an increase of their average B/M value compared to healthy individuals (n = 61; female: 56.9%; B/M: 0.480 ± 0.09 vs. 0.415 ± 0.07; p = .001). The portion of radiosensitive (B/M > 0.500) and distinctly radiosensitive individuals (B/M > 0.600) was increased in the VPA group (54.9% vs. 11.3 and 9.7% vs. 0.0%; p < .001). In 3/31 patients, radiosensitivity was determined prior to and after VPA treatment and radiosensitivity was increased by VPA-treatment. Conclusions In our study, we confirmed that patients treated with VPA had an increased radiosensitivity compared to the control group. This could be considered in patients taking VPA prior to the beginning of radiotherapy to avoid toxic side effects of VPA-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Stritzelberger
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Lainer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gollwitzer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Graf
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes D Lang
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamara M Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hajo M Hamer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Buyandelger B, Bar EE, Hung KS, Chen RM, Chiang YH, Liou JP, Huang HM, Wang JY. Histone deacetylase inhibitor MPT0B291 suppresses Glioma Growth in vitro and in vivo partially through acetylation of p53. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3184-3199. [PMID: 33162824 PMCID: PMC7645997 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as a new class of anti-tumor agents for various types of tumors, including glioblastoma. Methods and results: We found that a novel HDAC inhibitor, MPT0B291, significantly reduced the cell viability and increased cell death of human and rat glioma cell lines, but not in normal astrocytes. We also demonstrated that MPT0B291 suppressed proliferation by inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in human and rat glioma cell lines by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. We further investigated the anti-tumor effects of MPT0B291 in xenograft (mouse) and allograft (rat) models. The IVIS200 images and histological analysis indicated MPT0B291 (25 mg/kg, p. o.) reduced tumor volume. Mechanistically, MPT0B291 increased phosphorylation and acetylation/activation of p53 and increased mRNA levels of the apoptosis related genes PUMA, Bax, and Apaf1 as well as increased protein level of PUMA, Apaf1 in C6 cell line. The expression of cell cycle related gene p21 was also increased and Cdk2, Cdk4 were decreased by MPT0B291. Conclusion: Our study highlights the anti-tumor efficacy of a novel compound MPT0B291 on glioma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batsaikhan Buyandelger
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 14210 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 21201 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 116 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
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Shirvalilou S, Khoei S, Khoee S, Mahdavi SR, Raoufi NJ, Motevalian M, Karimi MY. Enhancement radiation-induced apoptosis in C6 glioma tumor-bearing rats via pH-responsive magnetic graphene oxide nanocarrier. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 205:111827. [PMID: 32120183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUdR) has been demonstrated to induce an appreciable radiosensitizing effect on glioblastoma patients, but due to the short circulation half-life times and failure to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its clinical use is limited. Accordingly, in this study, we used magnetic graphene oxide (NGO/SPIONs) nanoparticles coated with PLGA polymer as a dynamic nanocarrier for IUdR and, evaluated its sensitizing enhancement ratio in combination with a single dose X-ray at clinically megavoltage energies for treatment of C6 glioma rats. Nanoparticles were characterized using Zetasizer and TEM microscopy, and in vitro biocompatibility of nanoparticles was assessed with MTT assay. IUdR/MNPs were intravenously administered under a magnetic field (1.3 T) on day 13 after the implantation of C6 cells. After a day following the injection, rats exposed with radiation (8 Gy). ICP-OES analysis data indicated an effective magnetic targeting, leading to remarkably improved penetration through the BBB. In vivo release analysis with HPLC indicated sustained release of IUdR and, prolonged the lifespan in plasma (P < .01). In addition, our findings revealed a synergistic effect for IUdR/MNPs coupled with radiation, which significantly inhibited the tumor expansion (>100%), prolonged the survival time (>100%) and suppressed the anti-apoptotic response of glioma rats by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (2.13-fold) in compared with the radiation-only. In conclusion, besides high accumulation in targeted tumor sites, the newly developed IUdR/MNPs, also exhibited the ability of IUdR/MNPs to significantly enhance radiosensitizing effect, improve therapeutic efficacy and increase toxicity for glioma-bearing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Shirvalilou
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nida Jamali Raoufi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Emerging therapeutic potential of anti-psychotic drugs in the management of human glioma: A comprehensive review. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3952-3977. [PMID: 31231472 PMCID: PMC6570463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous advancements in the last decade, human gliomas such as astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme have the worst prognoses among all cancers. Anti-psychotic drugs are commonly prescribed to treat mental disorders among cancer patients, and growing empirical evidence has revealed their antitumor, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, chemo-preventive, and neo-adjuvant efficacies in various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical glioma models. Anti-psychotic drugs have drawn the attention of physicians and researchers owing to their beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of gliomas. This review highlights data on the therapeutic potential of various anti-psychotic drugs as anti-proliferative, chemopreventive, and anti-angiogenic agents in various glioma models via the modulation of upstream and downstream molecular targets involved in apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the cell cycle in in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical stages among glioma patients. The ability of anti-psychotic drugs to modulate various signaling pathways and multidrug resistance-conferring proteins that enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs with low side-effects exemplifies their great potential as neo-adjuvants and potential chemotherapeutics in single or multimodal treatment approach. Moreover, anti-psychotic drugs confer the ability to induce glioma into oligodendrocyte-like cells and neuronal-like phenotype cells with reversal of epigenetic alterations through inhibition of histone deacetylase further rationalize their use in glioma treatment. The improved understanding of anti-psychotic drugs as potential chemotherapeutic drugs or as neo-adjuvants will provide better information for their use globally as affordable, well-tolerated, and effective anticancer agents for human glioma.
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HDAC2 Inhibitor Valproic Acid Increases Radiation Sensitivity of Drug-Resistant Melanoma Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7030051. [PMID: 30909413 PMCID: PMC6473314 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cancers. Melanoma cell lines B16F10C and A375C (parental) and B16F10R and A375R (drug-resistant sublines) were used to test radiation sensitization potential of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of Histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) and LDN193189 (BMP inhibitor). Inhibitors of other signaling pathways were tested for cross-resistance with the resistant cell lines. Cells were pretreated with low concentrations of VPA/ LDN193189 and exposed to 2 Gy radiation for radiation sensitization experiments. Assays-3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), live/dead, clonogenic, and melanin estimation were performed to test the effects of radiation sensitization. Interactions of VPA and HDAC2 were studied in silico. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed with all tested drugs. Radiation sensitization of melanoma cells with low dose of VPA induced synergistic cell death, decreased clonogenicity, and decreased melanin content. In silico docking showed two stable interactions between Arg39 of HDAC2 and VPA. In conclusion, pretreatment with low doses of VPA has a potential for sensitizing melanoma cells to low doses of radiation. The binding of VPA to HDAC2 reverses the drug resistance in melanoma and induces the cell death. Sensitization effects of VPA can be used for targeting drug-resistant cancers.
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Valproic Acid Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Proton Therapy by Suppressing NRF2 Activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14986. [PMID: 29118323 PMCID: PMC5678087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although efficacy of combined histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and conventional photon radiotherapy is being tested in clinical trials, their combined effect with proton beam radiotherapy has yet to be determined. Here, we compared combined effect of valproic acid (VPA), a class I and II HDAC inhibitor and antiepileptic drug with proton and photon irradiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that VPA sensitized more Hep3B cells to proton than to photon irradiation. VPA prolonged proton-induced DNA damage and augmented proton-induced apoptosis. In addition, VPA further increased proton-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and suppressed expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor regulating antioxidant response. Downregulation of NRF2 by siRNA transfection increased proton-induced apoptotic cell death, supporting NRF2 as a target of VPA in radiosensitization. In Hep3B tumor xenograft models, VPA significantly enhanced proton-induced tumor growth delay with increased apoptosis and decreased NRF2 expression in vivo. Collectively, our study highlights a proton radiosensitizing effect of VPA in HCC cells. As NRF2 is an emerging prognostic marker contributing to radioresistance in HCC, targeting NRF2 pathway may impact clinical outcome of proton beam radiotherapy.
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11
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Tseng JH, Chen CY, Chen PC, Hsiao SH, Fan CC, Liang YC, Chen CP. Valproic acid inhibits glioblastoma multiforme cell growth via paraoxonase 2 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14666-14679. [PMID: 28108734 PMCID: PMC5362434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the potential mechanisms of valproic acid (VPA) in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Using the human U87, GBM8401, and DBTRG-05MG GBM-derived cell lines, VPA at concentrations of 5 to 20 mM induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stress-related molecules such as paraoxonase 2 (PON2), cyclin B1, cdc2, and Bcl-xL were downregulated, but p27, p21 and Bim were upregulated by VPA treatment. VPA response element on the PON2 promoter was localized at position -400/−1. PON2 protein expression was increased in GBM cells compared with normal brain tissue and there was a negative correlation between the expression of PON2 and Bim. These findings were confirmed by the public Bredel GBM microarray (Gene Expression Omnibus accession: GSE2223) and the Cancer Genome Atlas GBM microarray datasets. Overexpression of PON2 in GBM cells significantly decreased intracellular ROS levels, and PON2 expression was decreased after VPA stimulation compared with controls. Bim expression was significantly induced by VPA in GBM cells with PON2 silencing. These observations were further shown in the subcutaneous GBM8401 cell xenograft of BALB/c nude mice. Our results suggest that VPA reduces PON2 expression in GBM cells, which in turn increases ROS production and induces Bim production that inhibits cancer progression via the PON2–Bim cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Ho Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Hsiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,College of Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Fan
- Department of Physiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Pein Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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12
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Marutani A, Nakamura M, Nishimura F, Nakazawa T, Matsuda R, Hironaka Y, Nakagawa I, Tamura K, Takeshima Y, Motoyama Y, Boku E, Ouji Y, Yoshikawa M, Nakase H. Tumor-inhibition effect of levetiracetam in combination with temozolomide in glioblastoma cells. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Hoşgörler F, Keleş D, Tanrıverdi-Akhisaroğlu S, İnanç Ş, Akhisaroğlu M, Cankurt Ü, Aydoğdu Z, Uçar AD, Çetinayak O, Oktay G, Arda SG. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Effect of Valproic Acid and Doxycycline Independent from MMP Inhibition in Early Radiation Damage. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:488-495. [PMID: 27761275 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.151304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors decrease inflammation in normal tissues and suppress cancer progress in normal tissues. Valproic acid (VA) and doxycycline (DX) are MMP inhibitors that have radio-protective effects. Their ability to inhibit MMPs in irradiated tissue is unknown and the role of MMPs in radio-protective effects has not been tested to date. AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine whether administration of VA and DX to rats before irradiation affects tissue inflammation and apoptosis in the early phase of radiation, and whether the effect of these drugs is mediated by MMP inhibition. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS Twenty-six Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: control (CTRL), radiation (RT), VA plus radiation (VA+RT), and DX plus radiation (DX+RT). Three study groups were exposed to a single dose of abdominal 10 Gy gamma radiation; the CTRL group received no radiation. Single doses of VA 300 mg/kg and DX 100 mg/kg were administered to each rat before radiation and all rats were sacrificed 8 hours after irradiation, at which point small intestine tissue samples were taken for analyses. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and matrix metal-loproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP 9) were measured by ELISA, MMP activities were measured by gelatin and casein zymography and apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. RESULTS VA decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β proteins insignificantly and decreased apoptosis significantly in the irradiated tissue, but did not inhibit MMPs. In contrast, VA protected the basal MMP activities, which decreased in response to irradiation. No effect of DX was observed on the levels of inflammatory cytokines or activities of MMPs in the early phases of radiation apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that VA protects against inflammation and apoptosis, and DX exhibits anti-apoptotic effects in early radiation and these effects are independent from MMP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Hoşgörler
- Department of General Surgery, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Didem Keleş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Şeniz İnanç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akhisaroğlu
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ülker Cankurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Aydoğdu
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Suat Seren Teaching Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Deniz Uçar
- Department of General Surgery, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Çetinayak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülgün Oktay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Gönenç Arda
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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14
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Chiou HYC, Lai WK, Huang LC, Huang SM, Chueh SH, Ma HI, Hueng DY. Valproic acid promotes radiosensitization in meningioma stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9959-69. [PMID: 25895030 PMCID: PMC4496410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although meningioma stem-like cells have been isolated and characterized, their therapeutic targeting remains a challenge. Meningioma sphere cells (MgSCs) with cancer stem cells properties show chemo- and radioresistance in comparison with meningioma adherent cells (MgACs). We tested the effect of valproic acid (VPA), a commonly used anti-epileptic drug, which passes the blood brain barrier, on cultured MgSCs. VPA reduced the viability of MgSCs and MgACs. In MgSCs, treatment with VPA increased radio-sensitivity, expression of p-cdc2, p-H2AX and cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. Anchorage-independent growth (AIG) was reduced by VPA. AIG was further reduced by combined treatment with irradiation. Expression of a stem cell marker, Oct4, was reduced by VPA. Oct4 was further decreased by combined treatment with irradiation. These results suggest that VPA may be a potential treatment for meningioma through targeting meningioma stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Kuo Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Ochiai S, Nomoto Y, Yamashita Y, Watanabe Y, Toyomasu Y, Kawamura T, Takada A, Ii N, Kobayashi S, Sakuma H. Roles of Valproic Acid in Improving Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma: a Review of Literature Focusing on Clinical Evidence. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:463-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.2.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Wawruszak A, Luszczki JJ, Grabarska A, Gumbarewicz E, Dmoszynska-Graniczka M, Polberg K, Stepulak A. Assessment of Interactions between Cisplatin and Two Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines - An Isobolographic Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143013. [PMID: 26580554 PMCID: PMC4651465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are promising anticancer drugs, which inhibit proliferation of a wide variety of cancer cells including breast carcinoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the influence of valproic acid (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat), alone or in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) on proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle progression in MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell lines. The type of interaction between HDIs and CDDP was determined by an isobolographic analysis. The isobolographic analysis is a very precise and rigorous pharmacodynamic method, to determine the presence of synergism, addition or antagonism between different drugs with using variety of fixed dose ratios. Our experiments show that the combinations of CDDP with SAHA or VPA at a fixed-ratio of 1:1 exerted additive interaction in the viability of MCF7 cells, while in T47D cells there was a tendency to synergy. In contrast, sub-additive (antagonistic) interaction was observed for the combination of CDDP with VPA in MDA-MB-231 “triple-negative” (i.e. estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, and HER-2 negative) human breast cancer cells, whereas combination of CDDP with SAHA in the same MDA-MB-231 cell line yielded additive interaction. Additionally, combined HDIs/CDDP treatment resulted in increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in all tested breast cancer cell lines in comparison with a single therapy. In conclusion, the additive interaction of CDDP with SAHA or VPA suggests that HDIs could be combined with CDDP in order to optimize treatment regimen in some human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jarogniew J. Luszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Grabarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gumbarewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology, MSW Hospital, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Chang L, Lei X, Qin YU, Zhang X, Jin H, Wang C, Wang X, Li G, Tan C, Su J. MicroRNA-133b inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase 14 in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2781-2786. [PMID: 26722242 PMCID: PMC4665711 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that microRNA-133b (miR-133b) is important in regulating the genesis of different types of cancer. However, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of miR-133b in the development of glioblastoma (GBM) remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-133b in GBM and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying its action. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression levels of miR-133b in 21 human GBM samples and 9 normal brain tissue samples. A wound healing assay, and Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the effects of miR-133b on cell migration and invasion. Western blotting and a luciferase reporter assay were used to identify the target genes of miR-133b. It was found that miR-133b suppressed GBM cell migration and invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) was identified as a direct target gene. In conclusion, miR-133b may suppress GBM migration and invasion through directly targeting MMP14, highlighting its potential as a novel agent for the treatment of GBM invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Y U Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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18
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Huang R, Qian D, Hu M, Zhang X, Song J, Li L, Chen H, Wang B. Association between human cytomegalovirus infection and histone acetylation level in various histological types of glioma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2812-2820. [PMID: 26722247 PMCID: PMC4665835 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, glioma is the most common intracranial tumor and accounts for 40–60% of intracranial tumors. Glioma is highly anaplastic and demonstrates invasive growth. Although considerable progression has been achieved in the treatment of malignant glioma, the prognosis of this disease remains poor. Over the previous decade, several studies have confirmed that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) enhances the growth or survival of tumors. This is likely to occur through mechanisms distinct from those of classic tumor viruses, which express transforming viral oncoproteins in the majority of tumor cells. The immediate-early 2 protein (IE86; 86 kDa) of HCMV is a key regulator for viral replication and host cell proliferation. The present study aimed to identify the association between the acetylation level and HCMV IE86 expression in various histological types of glioma. Tissue samples were obtained from 60 patients with glioma, consisting of 25 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 16 patients with anaplastic glioma and 19 patients with low-grade glioma, in addition to 9 tissue samples obtained from the normal cortex, which were used as the control. The in situ protein expression of IE86, which is encoded by the IE2 gene, activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5), P300, acetyl-histone H3K9 and acetyl-histone H3K14 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of ATF5, IE2 and P300 were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in GBM, anaplastic glioma, low-grade glioma and normal cortex tissue specimens. The protein levels of ATF5, IE86, P300, acetyl-histone H3K9 and acetyl-histone H3K14 were assessed by western blot analysis in high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma and normal cortex tissues. Analysis of the expression of the proteins revealed that the excessive expression of the HCMV IE86 protein is associated with the malignancy degree and acetylation level in glioma. IE86 expression is also associated with ATF5, which is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in malignant glioma, but not in normal brain tissues. The expression level of IE86 may demonstrate considerable importance for the evaluation of the malignancy degree of human gliomas and extensive application in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dongmeng Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Song
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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19
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Hosein AN, Lim YC, Day B, Stringer B, Rose S, Head R, Cosgrove L, Sminia P, Fay M, Martin JH. The effect of valproic acid in combination with irradiation and temozolomide on primary human glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:263-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Zhou Y, Niu J, Li S, Hou H, Xu Y, Zhang W, Jiang Y. Radioprotective effects of valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in the rat brain. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:63-69. [PMID: 25469249 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of brain tumors but can cause significant damage to surrounding normal brain. The radioprotective effects of valproic acid (VPA) on normal tissue in the rat brain were evaluated following irradiation. Male Wistar rats were used in the present study and 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups consisting of 12 rats each. The whole-brain irradiation (WBI) was delivered by X-ray and the rats received the following treatment once a day for 5 days. The control group (sham-exposed group) received sham irradiation plus physiological saline. The VPA group received sham irradiation plus 150 mg VPA/kg. The X-ray group received WBI plus physiological saline. The combined group received WBI plus 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally VPA. A total of 6 months post-irradiation, the rats were sacrificed and the brains were harvested. Cell apoptosis in the cortex was determined by immunohistochemistry 24 h post-irradiation using an antibody for protein caspase-3. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were used to assess the effects of VPA on the radioprotection of rat normal brain cells 6 months post-irradiation. The weights of the animals in the TEM group measured over the two weeks after the first injection of VPA were also observed. Histological findings demonstrated that apoptosis occurred on the cortex 1 day after treatment, peaking in the X-ray group. The cells of the combined group showed a moderate caspase-3 staining compared to the X-ray group. There was a trend towards a lower body weight of the X-ray group following irradiation compared to either no-irradiation or rats of the combined group, although there was no significant difference in the average weight between the combined group and irradiated rats. Mild swelling of the capillary endothelial cells in the irregular lumen was observed in the combined group, whereas the X-ray group showed a severe structural disorder. In conclusion, VPA supplementation during radiotherapy may be beneficial for radioprotection following WBI by reducing normal brain cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Niu
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shupeng Li
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Huaying Hou
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Jiang
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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