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Gretser S, Kinzler MN, Theilen TM, Wild PJ, Vogler M, Gradhand E. Fluorescence confocal microscopy for evaluation of fresh surgical specimens and consecutive tumor cell isolation in rare pediatric tumors. Virchows Arch 2024:10.1007/s00428-024-03861-1. [PMID: 38980338 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is an optical technique that uses laser light sources of different wavelengths to generate real-time images of fresh, unfixed tissue specimens. FCM allows histological evaluation of fresh tissue samples without the associated cryo artifacts after frozen sectioning. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate pediatric tumor specimens and assess their suitability for fresh tumor sampling. In addition, we aimed to determine whether tumor cell isolation for stable cell culture is still feasible after FCM imaging. Pediatric tumor specimens were imaged using FCM. Tumor viability and suitability for tissue sampling were evaluated and compared with H&E staining after paraffin embedding. In addition, FCM-processed and non-FCM-processed tissue samples were sent for tumor cell isolation to evaluate possible effects after FCM processing. When comparing estimated tumor cell viability using FCM and H&E, we found good to excellent correlating estimates (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.891, p < 0.001), as well as substantial agreement in whether the tissue appeared adequate for fresh tissue collection (κ = 0.762, p < 0.001). After FCM, seven out of eight samples yielded passable cell cultures, compared to eight out of eight for non-FCM processed samples. Our study suggests that the use of FCM in tumor sampling can increase the yield of suitable fresh tumor samples by identifying viable tumor areas and ensuring that sufficient tissue remains for diagnosis. Our study also provides first evidence that the isolation and growth of tumor cells in culture are not compromised by the FCM technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gretser
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 6, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - M N Kinzler
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - T M Theilen
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - P J Wild
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 6, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - M Vogler
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - E Gradhand
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 6, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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2
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Retta B, Iovinella M, Ciniglia C. Significance and Applications of the Thermo-Acidophilic Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophytina, Rhodophyta). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1786. [PMID: 38999626 PMCID: PMC11243675 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Galdieria sulphuraria is a thermo-acidophilic microalga belonging to the Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta) class. It thrives in extreme environments, such as geothermal sulphuric springs, with low pH, high temperatures, and high salinity. This microalga utilises various growth modes, including autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic, enabling it to exploit diverse organic carbon sources. Remarkably, G. sulphuraria survives and produces a range of bioactive compounds in these harsh conditions. Moreover, it plays a significant role in environmental remediation by removing nutrients, pathogens, and heavy metals from various wastewater sources. It can also recover rare earth elements from mining wastewater and electronic waste. This review article explores the diverse applications and significant contributions of G. sulphuraria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Retta
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Manuela Iovinella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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3
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Shang MH, Sun JF, Bi Y, Xu XT, Zang XN. Fluorescence and antioxidant activity of heterologous expression of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1127422. [PMID: 36891162 PMCID: PMC9987159 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1127422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin and allophycocyanin are important active substances in Arthrospira platensis, because of their fluorescent characteristic and antioxidant capacity. In order to solve the problem of insufficient production and inconvenient modification of natural protein, recombinant expression was performed and the fluorescence activity and antioxidant activity was analyzed to meet the demand for phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. A total of seven recombinant strains were constructed in this study, including individual phycocyanin or allophycocyanin, co-expression of phycocyanin-allophycocyanin, and their co-expression with chromophore, and the expression strain for individual chromophore. Different molecular weights of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were detected in the recombinant strains, which indicated the different polymers expressed. Through mass spectrometry identification, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin may form a dimer of 66 kDa and a polymer of 300 kDa. The results of fluorescence detection showed that phycocyanin and allophycocyanin combined with phycocyanobilin to show fluorescence activity. The fluorescence peak of recombinant phycocyanin was mainly concentrated at 640 nm, which was similar to natural phycocyanin, the fluorescence peak of purified recombinant allophycocyanin was at about 642 nm. The fluorescence peak of the co-expressed recombinant phycocyanin-allophycocyanin is located at 640 nm, and the fluorescence intensity is between the recombinant phycocyanin and the recombinant allophycocyanin. After purification, the fluorescence peak of the recombinant phycocyanin is more concentrated and the fluorescence intensity is higher, which is about 1.3 times of recombinant phycocyanin-allophycocyanin, 2.8 times of recombinant allophycocyanin, indicating that phycocyanin may be more suitable to be used as fluorescence probe in medicine. The antioxidant capacity was measured by using total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-triphenylhydrazino) free radical scavenging method, and the recombinant phycobiliprotein showed antioxidant activity. Phycocyanobilin also has certain antioxidant activity and could enhance the antioxidant activity of phycobiliprotein to a certain extent. Recombinant phycocyanin-allophycocyanin polymer has stronger T-AOC, which is about 1.17-2.25 times that of the other five recombinant proteins. And recombinant phycocyanin has stronger DPPH antioxidant activity, which is about 1.2-2.5 times that of the other five recombinant proteins. This study laid the foundation for the application of recombinant phycocyanin and allophycocyanin in medical detection and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Ferreira-Facio CDS, Botafogo V, Ferrão PM, Canellas MC, Milito CB, Romano S, Lopes DV, Teixeira LC, Oliveira E, Bruno-Riscarolli E, Mello FV, Siqueira PFR, Moura P, Macedo FN, Forny DN, Simião L, Pureza AL, Land MGP, Pedreira CE, van Dongen JJM, Orfao A, da Costa ES. Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping for Diagnostic Orientation and Classification of Pediatric Cancer Based on the EuroFlow Solid Tumor Orientation Tube (STOT). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194945. [PMID: 34638431 PMCID: PMC8508207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pediatric solid tumors are a heterogenous group of diseases that comprise ≈ 40% of all pediatric cancers, early diagnosis being key for improved survival. Here we designed, tested, and validated a single eight-color tube for the diagnostic screening of pediatric cancer—solid tumor orientation tube (STOT)—based on multiparameter flow cytometry vs. conventional diagnostic procedures. Prospective clinical validation of STOT in 149 samples (63 tumor mass, 38 bone marrow, 30 lymph node, and 18 body fluid samples) screened for pediatric cancer, apart from 26 blood specimens that were excluded from analysis, showed concordant results with the final WHO/ICCC-3 diagnosis in 138/149 cases (92.6%). This included correct diagnostic orientation by STOT in 43/44 (98%) malignant and 4/4 (100%) benign non-hematopoietic tumors, together with 28/38 (74%) leukemia/lymphoma cases. The only recurrently missed diagnosis was Hodgkin lymphoma (0/8), which would require additional markers. These results support the use of STOT as a complementary tool for fast and accurate diagnostic screening, orientation, and classification of pediatric cancer in suspicious patients. Abstract Early diagnosis of pediatric cancer is key for adequate patient management and improved outcome. Although multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has proven of great utility in the diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies, its application to non-hematopoietic pediatric tumors remains limited. Here we designed and prospectively validated a new single eight-color antibody combination—solid tumor orientation tube, STOT—for diagnostic screening of pediatric cancer by MFC. A total of 476 samples (139 tumor mass, 138 bone marrow, 86 lymph node, 58 peripheral blood, and 55 other body fluid samples) from 296 patients with diagnostic suspicion of pediatric cancer were analyzed by MFC vs. conventional diagnostic procedures. STOT was designed after several design–test–evaluate–redesign cycles based on a large panel of monoclonal antibody combinations tested on 301 samples. In its final version, STOT consists of a single 8-color/12-marker antibody combination (CD99-CD8/numyogenin/CD4-EpCAM/CD56/GD2/smCD3-CD19/cyCD3-CD271/CD45). Prospective validation of STOT in 149 samples showed concordant results with the patient WHO/ICCC-3 diagnosis in 138/149 cases (92.6%). These included: 63/63 (100%) reactive/disease-free samples, 43/44 (98%) malignant and 4/4 (100%) benign non-hematopoietic tumors together with 28/38 (74%) leukemia/lymphoma cases; the only exception was Hodgkin lymphoma that required additional markers to be stained. In addition, STOT allowed accurate discrimination among the four most common subtypes of malignant CD45− CD56++ non-hematopoietic solid tumors: 13/13 (GD2++ numyogenin− CD271−/+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM−) neuroblastoma samples, 5/5 (GD2− numyogenin++ CD271++ nuMyoD1++ CD99−/+ EpCAM−) rhabdomyosarcomas, 2/2 (GD2−/+ numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99+ EpCAM−) Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, and 7/7 (GD2− numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM+) Wilms tumors. In summary, here we designed and validated a new standardized antibody combination and MFC assay for diagnostic screening of pediatric solid tumors that might contribute to fast and accurate diagnostic orientation and classification of pediatric cancer in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane de Sá Ferreira-Facio
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Vitor Botafogo
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Patrícia Mello Ferrão
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Maria Clara Canellas
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Cristiane B. Milito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil;
| | - Sérgio Romano
- Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology and Cytopathology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro 20220-400, Brazil;
| | - Daiana V. Lopes
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Lisandra C. Teixeira
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Elen Oliveira
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Enrico Bruno-Riscarolli
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Fabiana V. Mello
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Patrícia F. R. Siqueira
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Patrícia Moura
- I’Dor Institute, Hospital Estadual da Criança, Rio de Janeiro 21330-400, Brazil; (P.M.); (F.N.M.)
| | - Francisco Nicanor Macedo
- I’Dor Institute, Hospital Estadual da Criança, Rio de Janeiro 21330-400, Brazil; (P.M.); (F.N.M.)
| | - Danielle N. Forny
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil;
| | - Luíza Simião
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Ana Luíza Pureza
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Marcelo Gerardin Poirot Land
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Pedreira
- Systems and Computing Engineering Department (COPPE-PESC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil;
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion (IHB), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and IBMCC (CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (E.S.d.C.); Tel.: +34-9232-9481 (A.O.); +55-21-3938-4725 (E.S.d.C.)
| | - Elaine Sobral da Costa
- Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil; (C.d.S.F.-F.); (V.B.); (L.C.T.); (E.O.); (E.B.-R.); (P.F.R.S.); (M.G.P.L.)
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericultura Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-612, Brazil; (P.M.F.); (M.C.C.); (D.V.L.); (F.V.M.); (L.S.); (A.L.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (E.S.d.C.); Tel.: +34-9232-9481 (A.O.); +55-21-3938-4725 (E.S.d.C.)
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5
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Xie J, Kumar A, Dolman MEM, Mayoh C, Khuong-Quang DA, Cadiz R, Wong-Erasmus M, Mould EVA, Grebert-Wade D, Barahona P, Kamili A, Tsoli M, Failes TW, Chow SO, Arndt GM, Bhatia K, Marshall GM, Ziegler DS, Haber M, Lock RB, Tyrrell V, Lau L, Athanasatos P, Gifford AJ. The important role of routine cytopathology in pediatric precision oncology. Cancer Cytopathol 2021; 129:805-818. [PMID: 34043284 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of high-throughput drug screening (HTS) using primary cultures provides a promising, clinically translatable approach to tailoring treatment strategies for patients with cancer. However, this has been challenging for solid tumors because of often limited amounts of tissue available. In most cases, in vitro expansion is required before HTS, which may lead to overgrowth and contamination by non-neoplastic cells. METHODS In this study, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on 129 cytopathology cases from 95 patients. These cytopathology cases comprised cell block preparations derived from primary tumor specimens or patient-derived xenografts as part of a pediatric precision oncology trial. Cytopathology cases were compared with the morphology and immunohistochemical staining profile of the original tumor. Cases were reported as tumor cells present, equivocal, or tumor cells absent. The HTS results from cytopathologically validated cultures were incorporated into a multidisciplinary tumor board report issued to the treating clinician to guide clinical decision making. RESULTS On cytopathologic examination, tumor cells were present in 77 of 129 cases (60%) and were absent in 38 of 129 cases (29%), whereas 14 of 129 cases (11%) were equivocal. Cultures that contained tumor cells resembled the tumors from which they were derived. CONCLUSIONS Cytopathologic examination of tumor cell block preparations is feasible and provides detailed morphologic characterization. Cytopathologic examination is essential for ensuring that samples submitted for HTS contain representative tumor cells and that in vitro drug sensitivity data are clinically translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Xie
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amit Kumar
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Emmy M Dolman
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dong-Anh Khuong-Quang
- Children's Cancer Center, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roxanne Cadiz
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie Wong-Erasmus
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily V A Mould
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan Grebert-Wade
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paulette Barahona
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy W Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Center, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shu-Oi Chow
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Center, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Drug Discovery Center, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kanika Bhatia
- Children's Cancer Center, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Loretta Lau
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Cancer Center, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penny Athanasatos
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Yan M, Wu Y, Xia J, Zhang X, Wang Y. Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in cerebrospinal fluid: A case report. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:E320-E324. [PMID: 33750018 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) originates from a differentiation block in muscle progenitors. Leptomeningeal metastasis is a rare but devastating complication of RMS which can be caused by dissemination of cancer cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we present a 4-year-old female with RMS originating from the upper nasal wall. The following histologic and immunohistochemistry analyses combined with molecular testing analysis supported the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). Results from CSF routine test, magnetic resonance imaging scans and CSF cytology indicated metastatic meningitis, thus confirming the diagnosis of metastatic ERMS in CSF. This is the first report to describe the clinical features of ERMS in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxia Yan
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Bruni D, Angell HK, Galon J. The immune contexture and Immunoscore in cancer prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:662-680. [PMID: 32753728 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 208.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the current guidelines for the classification of cancer. However, among patients within the same stage, the clinical outcome can be very different. More recently, a novel definition of cancer has emerged, implicating at all stages a complex and dynamic interaction between tumour cells and the immune system. This has enabled the definition of the immune contexture, representing the pre-existing immune parameters associated with patient survival. Even so, the role of distinct immune cell types in modulating cancer progression is increasingly emerging. An immune-based assay named the 'Immunoscore' was defined to quantify the in situ T cell infiltrate and was demonstrated to be superior to the AJCC/UICC TNM classification for patients with colorectal cancer. This Review provides a broad overview of the main immune parameters positively or negatively shaping cancer development, including the Immunoscore, and their prognostic and predictive value. The importance of the immune system in cancer control is demonstrated by the requirement for a pre-existing intratumour adaptive immune response for effective immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we discuss how the combination of multiple immune parameters, rather than individual ones, might increase prognostic and/or predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bruni
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Sorbonne Université; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Helen K Angell
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Sorbonne Université; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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Multivariate analysis of risk factors for patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma who were older than 18 months at diagnosis: a report from a single institute in Shanghai, China. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1327-1335. [PMID: 28283783 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated the long-term outcomes and prognostic indicators of patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma who were older than 18 months at diagnosis. The medical records of 118 such children who were treated at Shanghai Children's Medical Center, China, from June 1998-December 2013 were reviewed. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by log-rank tests. Of the 118 patients, 14 improving patients did not complete treatment because of parental decisions, and 1 patient died during surgery. Of the 103 patients who completed the comprehensive protocols, 60 (58.3%) achieved very good partial remission (VGPR), 26 (25.2%) achieved partial remission (PR) after four courses of chemotherapy, and 17 (16.5%) progressed during treatment. The response to induction (including VGPR + PR) was 83.5%. After a median follow-up of 105 months (range 36-160 months), the 5- and 10-year OS were 21 and 18%, and the EFS was 19 and 13%, respectively. EFS was significantly better for patients with normal levels of urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) at diagnosis, who had complete resection of the primary tumor, who were minimal residual disease- (MRD-) negative in their bone marrow after four courses of chemotherapy, and who achieved VGPR at the end of treatment (P < 0.05). The prognosis remains poor for patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma who are older than 18 months at diagnosis. Elevated VMA level, incomplete tumor resection, persistent MRD in bone marrow, and poor curative effect are associated with worse prognosis.
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