1
|
Choi HI, Kim YM, Min J, Lee YM, Kim HJ. Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Breast Presenting as a Breast Abscess: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2023; 84:763-769. [PMID: 37325001 PMCID: PMC10265238 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma in breast parenchyma (PMB) is an extremely rare disease, and the most common presentation is a palpable breast lump. To the best of our knowledge, a case of PMB presenting as a breast abscess has not been reported in English literatures. We present a case of PMB that manifested as a recurrent breast abscess in a 71-year-old woman. On MRI, an enhancing solid mass with a cystic or necrotic portion was revealed with some high signal intensities on precontrast-enhanced T1-weighted images and a dark rim on T2-weighed images. The MRI features played a pivotal role in identifying the underlying malignant condition and making an accurate diagnosis of this rare case of PMB with unusual clinical presentation.
Collapse
|
2
|
Santoro A, Angelico G, Fiorentino V, Zhang Q, Spadola S, Carlino A, Sanchez AM, Franceschini G, Zannoni GF, Mulè A. Melanocyte Colonization and Pigmentation of Breast Carcinoma: Description of Two Pathological Cases and Review of Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040709. [PMID: 33921072 PMCID: PMC8071371 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of breast carcinoma by non-neoplastic melanocytes of epidermal origin was first described by Azzopardi and Eusebi in 1977. We herein report two cases on the exceptional clinical and pathological features of this phenomenon in a 66-year-old and a 51-year-old patients. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but a disrupted basement membrane and the role of tumoral growth factors are considered essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Angelico
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Saveria Spadola
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Angela Carlino
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Alejandro Martin Sanchez
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Breast Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Breast Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Gian Franco Zannoni
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.S.); (G.A.); (V.F.); (Q.Z.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Snashall E, Kiernan T, Harper-Machin A, Taghizadeh R. Primary Melanoma of the Breast Parenchyma: An Oncoplastic Approach. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e3276. [PMID: 33425591 PMCID: PMC7787278 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary melanoma of the breast parenchyma (PMPB) is a rare and aggressive disease, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present the case of a 50-year old woman who underwent mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction using a free DIEP flap following recurrence after breast conserving surgery. This report highlights the importance of an oncoplastic approach for this diagnosis and the benefit of immediate autologous breast reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Snashall
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Merseyside, UK
| | - Tamara Kiernan
- Department of Breast Surgery, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Merseyside, UK
| | - Aenone Harper-Machin
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Merseyside, UK
| | - Rieka Taghizadeh
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Merseyside, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lim R. Recurrent malignant melanoma presenting as multiple bilateral breast masses: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:1731-1735. [PMID: 32774570 PMCID: PMC7398896 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a tumor that originates from melanocytes. Melanoma commonly metastasizes to the lungs, brain, or any other solid organ. Herein, we describe the case of a 69-year-old woman with a previous history of cutaneous melanoma who presented with a newly developed palpable breast mass. Subsequent imaging findings and histopathologic examination results of biopsy specimens revealed bilateral breast masses consistent with malignant melanoma. Most breast malignancies originate from a primary breast cancer tissue. This case highlights the importance and implications of obtaining a complete medical history when evaluating the possible outcomes of malignant melanoma.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chacón M, Pfluger Y, Angel M, Waisberg F, Enrico D. Uncommon Subtypes of Malignant Melanomas: A Review Based on Clinical and Molecular Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2362. [PMID: 32825562 PMCID: PMC7565756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma represents the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Modern therapies, including targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have changed the dismal prognosis that characterized this disease. However, most evidence was obtained by studying patients with frequent subtypes of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Consequently, there is an emerging need to understand the molecular basis and treatment approaches for unusual melanoma subtypes. Even a standardized definition of infrequent or rare melanoma is not clearly established. For that reason, we reviewed this challenging topic considering clinical and molecular perspectives, including uncommon CMs-not associated with classical V600E/K BRAF mutations-malignant mucosal and uveal melanomas, and some unusual independent entities, such as amelanotic, desmoplastic, or spitzoid melanomas. Finally, we collected information regarding melanomas from non-traditional primary sites, which emerge from locations as unique as meninges, dermis, lymph nodes, the esophagus, and breasts. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the main scientific evidence regarding rare melanomas, with a particular focus on treatment perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Chacón
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alexander Fleming Cancer Institute, Buenos Aires 1426, Argentina; (Y.P.); (M.A.); (F.W.); (D.E.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jain A, Vijayakumar C, Kumbhar U, Sundaramurthi S, Balasubramanian G. Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Mammary Mass: A Rare Presentation. Cureus 2020; 12:e8354. [PMID: 32617227 PMCID: PMC7325399 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast lump in perimenopausal women is considered a primary malignancy unless proved otherwise. Metastasis to the breast from extramammary sites is rare. Malignant melanoma (MM) is known for its ability to spread to distant sites, which can be both hematogenous and lymphatic. The common sites are skin, lung, liver, brain, etc. However, reports of melanoma metastasizing to the breast are rare. We present a case of 50-year-old female patient, who underwent wide local excision and split skin grafting for MM right leg. She did not undergo any adjuvant therapy and one year later presented to us with a solitary lump occupying the upper inner quadrant of the right breast. The breast lump turned out to be metastatic deposit from MM based on the presence of melanin in cells on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Therefore, breast lump in perimenopausal is not always a primary malignancy, and differential diagnosis should also include metastatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jain
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - Chellappa Vijayakumar
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - Uday Kumbhar
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - Sudharsanan Sundaramurthi
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - Gopal Balasubramanian
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mastoraki A, Schizas D, Giannakodimos I, Rebakos A, Margaris I, Katsaros I, Vagios I, Vassiliu P, Pikoulis E. Malignant melanoma of the breast: controversies in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of a rare nosologic entity. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1057-1064. [PMID: 32115682 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma of the breast is an infrequent entity, presenting as either primary or metastatic from extramammary solid neoplasms. Depending on the involvement of the skin, primary malignant melanoma of the breast (PMMB) can be classified as cutaneous or noncutaneous. Cutaneous PMMB accounts for <5% of all melanomas and only 0.5% of all breast cancers. Furthermore, despite the rarity of metastatic breast neoplasms, melanoma comprises a frequent source of metastases. Metastatic potential of melanoma is associated with poor prognosis, and the majority of patients present more than one metastatic foci at the time of diagnosis. Diagnostic approach for both primary and metastatic melanomas of the breast is substantiated by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology along with immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, verification of a metastatic mammary melanoma requires the discovery of a primary lesion. The mainstay of treatment for primary tumors is surgery, with radical local excision and axillary lymph node dissection or, on occasion, axillary sentinel node resection, while for metastatic tumors it depends on the specificities of the melanoma. Adjuvant therapy is always implemented. The aim of this survey is to meticulously review the literature of primary and metastatic malignant melanomas of the breast and report epidemiologic and clinicopathologic data for this rare entity. Clinical features, histogenesis, morphological, and immunochemical findings are discussed, while the role of current diagnostic and therapeutic management of this uncommon entity is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Mastoraki
- 4th Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- 1st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannakodimos
- 4th Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Rebakos
- 4th Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Margaris
- 4th Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Katsaros
- 1st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Vagios
- 1st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Vassiliu
- 4th Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koh J, Lee J, Jung SY, Kang HS, Yun T, Kwon Y. Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Breast: A Report of Two Cases. J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 53:119-124. [PMID: 30472815 PMCID: PMC6435985 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2018.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of the breast (PMMB) is a rare tumor with only a few case reports available in the literature. We report two cases of PMMB, one derived from the breast parenchyma and the other from the breast skin. The first case consisted of atypical epithelioid cells without overt melanocytic differentiation like melanin pigments. The tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for S100 protein, tyrosinase, and BRAF V600E. However, the tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and HMB-45. The second case showed atypical melanocytic proliferation with heavy melanin pigmentation. The tumor cells were positive for S100 protein, HMB-45, tyrosinase, and BRAF V600E. These two cases represent two distinct presentations of PMMB in terms of skin involvement, melanin pigmentation, and HMB-45 positivity. Although PMMB is very rare, the possibility of this entity should be considered in malignant epithelioid neoplasms in the breast parenchyma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - So Youn Jung
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Han Sung Kang
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tak Yun
- Center for Specific Organs Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kwon
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kong DD, Wang MH, Yang J, Li L, Wang W, Wang SB, Zhou YZ. T-cadherin is associated with prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2975-2981. [PMID: 28928835 PMCID: PMC5588130 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the prognostic impact of T-cadherin expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). On the basis of the results of immunohistochemical analysis, 106 patients with operable TNBC were divided into two groups, the T-cadherin-positive group and T-cadherin-negative group. Fisher's exact and χ2 tests were employed to analyze clinical data, which included the association between T-cadherin expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis. The log-rank test was used to examine the impact of T-cadherin expression on the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) of these patients. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were introduced to analyze DFS and OS. Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (58.3, 52.8 and 47.2, respectively; P=0.018, P=0.017, and P=0.047), tumor size >2 cm, grade II and III (Elston-Ellis modification of Bloom-Richardson grading system), and positive lymph node status were significantly more common in the T-cadherin-negative group compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (80.0 vs. 58.3%, 75.7 vs. 52.8% and 67.1 vs. 47.2%, respectively) (P=0.018, P=0.017, and P=0.047). Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group, 5-year DFS and OS levels were significantly lower in the T-cadherin-negative group (Z=6.233, P=0.013; Z=5.366, P=0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that negative T-cadherin expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.009) and OS (P=0.048). The results of the present study indicated that negative T-cadherin expression indicated a worse prognosis for patients with TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Di Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hong Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rassouli M, Voutsadakis IA. Primary Noncutaneous Malignant Melanoma of the Breast. Breast J 2016; 22:688-691. [DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rassouli
- Division of Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine; Sault Area Hospital; Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada
| | - Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine; Sault Area Hospital; Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences; Northern Ontario School of Medicine; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Wang JN, Fan ZY, Kang S, Liu YJ, Zhang YX, Wang XM. Determination of the Elasticity of Breast Tissue during the Menstrual Cycle Using Real-Time Shear Wave Elastography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:3140-3147. [PMID: 26403697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined breast tissue elasticity during the menstrual cycle using real-time shear wave elastography (RT-SWE), a recent technique developed for soft tissue imaging. Written informed consent for RT-SWE was obtained from all eligible patients, who were healthy women aged between 19 and 52 y. Young's moduli of the breast tissue in the early follicular, late phase and luteal phase were compared. There were no significant differences in the mean, maximum and minimum elasticity values (Emean, Emax and Emin) and standard deviation (ESD). RT-SWE of glandular tissue revealed that ESD was increased in the early follicular phase compared with the luteal phase. Means ± SD of Emin, Emax and Emean in glandular tissue were 5.174 ± 2.138, 8.308 ± 3.166 and 6.593 ± 2.510, respectively, and in adipose tissue, 3.589 ± 2.083, 6.733 ± 3.522 and 4.857 ± 2.564, respectively. There were no significant differences in stiffness between glandular and adipose tissues throughout the menstrual cycle, but glandular tissue stiffness was lower in the luteal phase than in the early follicular phase. On the basis of these observations in normal healthy women, we believe we have obtained sufficient information to establish the baseline changes in human breast elasticity during the menstrual cycle. In the future, we intend to compare the elasticity values of healthy breast tissue with those of breast tissue affected by various pathologies. Our results reveal the significant potential of RT-SWE in the rapid and non-invasive clinical diagnosis of breast diseases, such as breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian-Nan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Kang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xia Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|