1
|
Ye C, Chen GH, Chen X, Qin SF, Shi MF, Zhou T. Upregulation of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in castration-resistant progression of prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:422-426. [PMID: 31417010 PMCID: PMC7406089 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_80_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced erythropoietin signaling plays an important role in tumor growth and invasion. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of erythropoietin signaling pathway to castration-resistant prostate cancer and the development of a neuroendocrine phenotype. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor scores in castration-resistant prostate cancer and androgen-dependent prostate cancer were 7.55 versus 4.5 and 7.45 versus 5.9,respectively (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a cell proliferation assay was conducted, and the differential expression of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in LNCaP cells and hypoxia-induced LNCaP cells was evaluated using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. The proliferation capacity of hypoxia-induced LNCaP cells was similar in cultures of both fetal bovine serum and charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum, suggesting that LNCaP cells acquired hypoxia-induced androgen-independent growth. After 2 weeks of hypoxic culture, LNCaP cells showed a neuroendocrine cell change and increased expression of neuron-specific enolase, erythropoietin, and erythropoietin receptor; knockdown of erythropoietin receptor reversed the hypoxia-induced upregulation of neuron-specific enolase in the LNCaP cells. In conclusion, the concurrent upregulation of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer suggests that the erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor autocrine loop plays an important role in the progression of castration resistance and is responsible for the development of a neuroendocrine phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang-Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng-Fei Qin
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min-Feng Shi
- Reproductive Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Korbecki J, Kojder K, Kapczuk P, Kupnicka P, Gawrońska-Szklarz B, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors-A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020843. [PMID: 33467722 PMCID: PMC7830156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors—CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Szklarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661515
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fonseca J, Moradi F, Maddalena LA, Ferreira-Tollstadius B, Selim S, Stuart JA. Resveratrol integrates metabolic and growth effects in PC3 prostate cancer cells-involvement of prolyl hydroxylase and hypoxia inducible factor-1. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:697-705. [PMID: 30655819 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol produced by certain plant species that has been well studied due to its ability to slow the growth of cancer cells. In numerous cell types and tissues, RES has been demonstrated to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and oxidative phosphorylation. The present study investigated the interaction between RES's effects on growth and metabolism in PC3 prostate cancer cells, and demonstrated that RES-mediated growth inhibition is only observed under conditions in which a metabolic shift from glucose fermentation to mitochondrial respiration can occur. When this shift was prevented by growing cells in galactose medium or by pharmacologically inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) in order to stabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1α, RES did not effect mitochondrial fusion, biogenesis, respiration or cell growth. Similar results were observed in PC3 cells expressing a mutant HIF-1α lacking the prolines that are hydroxylated by PHD to promote its degradation. Thus, RES appears to slow PC3 cell growth by interfering with glucose fermentation and promoting respiration. Consistent with this, RES was observed to be particularly effective at inhibiting PC3 cell growth under hypoxic conditions that precluded increased reliance on oxidative phosphorylation. These observations are important in understanding how RES may affect cancer cell growth in vivo where hypoxia is common in growing tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Lucas A Maddalena
- MRC Cancer Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shehab Selim
- School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou R, Xu Y, Lu Q, Zhang Y, Hu B. Effect of low-frequency low-intensity ultrasound with microbubbles on prostate cancer hypoxia. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317719275. [PMID: 28974155 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317719275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qijie Lu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Atorvastatin enhances radiosensitivity in hypoxia-induced prostate cancer cells related with HIF-1α inhibition. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170340. [PMID: 28760843 PMCID: PMC5563539 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia could enhance radioresistance in prostate cancer cells through up-regulating HIF-1α, which could be inhibited by statins in several cancer cells. However, this effect of statins in prostate cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on HIF-1α expression and radiosensitivity in prostate cancer cells. The hypoxia-induced human prostate cancer PC3 cells were generated by incubating with 5% O2 for 24 h. The cell viability and apoptosis were respectively analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The HIF-1α protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. HIF-1α expression in PC3 cells was significantly increased after incubating with 5% O2 for 24 h. The viability of hypoxia-induced PC3 cells was inhibited by a higher dose of irradiation than control cells. The viability of hypoxia-induced PC3 cells were inhibited by astorvastatin with a higher concentration than control cells. Astorvastatin reduced the HIF-1α protein expression in hypoxia-induced PC3 cells, and induced apoptosis of both control and hypoxia-induced cells with and without irradiation. Atorvastatin could enhance radiosensitivity in hypoxia-induced prostate cancer cells, which may be related with inhibition of HIF-1α protein.
Collapse
|
6
|
Discordant mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 under in vitro CoCl2-induced hypoxic conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Benton G, DeGray G, Kleinman HK, George J, Arnaoutova I. In vitro microtumors provide a physiologically predictive tool for breast cancer therapeutic screening. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123312. [PMID: 25856378 PMCID: PMC4391795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anti-cancer drugs fail in human trials despite showing efficacy in preclinical models. It is clear that the in vitro assays involving 2D monoculture do not reflect the complex extracellular matrix, chemical, and cellular microenvironment of the tumor tissue, and this may explain the failure of 2D models to predict clinical efficacy. We first optimized an in vitro microtumor model using a tumor-aligned ECM, a tumor-aligned medium, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer spheroids, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and human stromal cells to recapitulate the tissue architecture, chemical environment, and cellular organization of a growing and invading tumor. We assayed the microtumor for cell proliferation and invasion in a tumor-aligned extracellular matrix, exhibiting collagen deposition, acidity, glucose deprivation, and hypoxia. We found maximal proliferation and invasion when the multicellular spheroids were cultured in a tumor-aligned medium, having low pH and low glucose, with 10% fetal bovine serum under hypoxic conditions. In a 7-day assay, varying doses of fluorouracil or paclitaxel had differential effects on proliferation for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor spheroids in microtumor compared to 2D and 3D monoculture. The microtumors exhibited a tumor morphology and drug response similar to published xenograft data, thus demonstrating a more physiologically predictive in vitro model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Benton
- Trevigen Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Gerald DeGray
- Trevigen Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Jay George
- Trevigen Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|