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Jeon J, Ha JS, Shin SJ, Ham WS, Choi YD, Cho KS. Differences in clinical features between focal and extensive types of cystitis glandularis in patients without a previous history of urinary tract malignancy. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:597-605. [PMID: 37932571 PMCID: PMC10630690 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the clinical differences of cystitis glandularis (CG), a proliferative disorder of urinary bladder epithelium, based on the extent of cystoscopic findings in patients without a history of urinary tract malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a review of patients diagnosed with CG in two tertiary hospitals from 2005 to 2021. Patients with previous or concurrent history of urinary tract malignancy were excluded. Medical records, including demographics, endoscopic and all available imaging studies, and managements, were reviewed. Patients were divided into two types according to extent of the lesion, and their clinical features were compared. RESULTS In total, 110 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, with 36 (32.7%) classified as extensive type and 74 (67.3%) as focal type. Patients with extensive type were predominantly males and relatively younger than those with focal type (p=0.025). Voiding problems were more strongly associated and hydronephrosis caused by CG was significantly more common in the extensive type (p=0.005 and p=0.003, respectively). Multiple transurethral resection procedures were more frequently performed in the extensive type (p=0.017). Subsequent urinary tract malignancy was observed in four patients, all of whom had focal-type CG. CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences in clinical features between the extensive- and focal-types CG. The extensive type was more often associated with urologic complications. Meanwhile, in the focal type, subsequent urinary tract malignancy might develop during the follow-up period. Thus, thorough initial work-up and careful follow-up is necessary despite the benign nature of CG. Annual surveillance cystoscopy may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Jeon
- Department of Urology, Prostate Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Soo Ha
- Department of Urology, Prostate Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Su Cho
- Department of Urology, Prostate Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Zhao DH, Li QJ. Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome caused by cystitis glandularis: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11827-11834. [PMID: 36405293 PMCID: PMC9669863 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) is an unusual event. PNS caused by cystitis glandularis (CG) or a bladder tumor is extremely rare; hence, missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis can easily occur. To date, approximately 21 cases have been reported in PubMed.
CASE SUMMARY We report a case of PNS caused by CG and describe the clinical and imaging features. The main clinical feature was advanced cognitive impairment, and early clinical features were memory impairment, decreased computational ability, and abnormal behavior. Later clinical features were dementia, vomiting, inability to eat and walk, urinary incontinence, and hematuria. Imaging features on cranial magnetic resonance imaging were diffuse white matter lesions. Paraneoplastic tumor markers were normal. A total abdominal computed tomography scan showed multiple thickened areas on the bladder wall with local prominence. Cystoscopy revealed a volcanic protuberance on the posterior wall of the bladder with a diameter of 6 cm and no pedicle. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was CG. The patient recovered well following resection of CG. PNS cases caused by previous bladder tumors can be retrieved from PubMed to describe the clinical signs and prognosis of PNS.
CONCLUSION The main clinical feature of PNS caused by CG was dementia, and the imaging features were diffuse cerebral white matter lesions. Resection of CG lesions is the fundamental treatment for PNS induced by CG. This case highlights the importance of etiological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, Guangdong Province, China
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Singh N, Mohanty S, Kalegowda IY, Rout P. Congenital Pouch Colon: Further Histopathological Perspectives. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:881-888. [PMID: 34766541 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.1998265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital pouch colon is an uncommon anomaly worldwide and is usually associated with anorectal malformations. Imperforate anus with a large air fluid level on the abdominal x ray suggests the diagnosis. Most cases are diagnosed in neonates and an early management limit complications. Few studies have documented the histopathological features of congenital pouch colon. We present two cases with varied associated anomalies (Case 1 with rectovesical fistula, Case 2 with Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome) and their histopathological features. Immunohistochemistry for calretinin showed paucity of ganglion cells and intrinsic fibers with occasional punctate positivity. The c-Kit immunostain documented fewer interstitial cells of Cajal. Cystitis glandularis with intestinal metaplasia (Case 1) and an additional muscle layer (Case 2) are described. These novel histopathological features characterize the entity further and may be related to genesis of the pouch and its clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Suravi Mohanty
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Inchara Yeliur Kalegowda
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Pritilata Rout
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Kusumaputra A, Rahman IA, Wirjopranoto S. Severe obstructive symptoms and urinary bladder mass due to cystitis glandularis: A very rare case report in children. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 100:107709. [PMID: 36244150 PMCID: PMC9574407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystitis Glandularis (CG) is an unusual proliferative disease of the bladder. This condition was associated with chronic inflammation or chronic obstruction. This condition usually presents as microscopic finding and the presence of large macroscopic lesion is a rare feature. Until now, the course of disease from transitional to cystitis glandularis is still unclear and the uncertainty of CG to potentially develop into adenocarcinoma has once been documented. Herewith, we report our experience with 2 years old boy with cystitis glandularis presenting with LUTS obstructive symptoms, hematuria and bladder mass. Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral hydronephrosis with hydroureter and bladder wall thickness suggesting the sign of obstruction and chronic inflammation. Cystoscopy examination was performed to ensure the diagnosis with the result revealing protruding mass partially obstructing the bladder trigone, both ureteral orifice and posterior urethra. Transurethral resection was performed and the administration of COX-2 inhibitor and oral steroid therapy were given. Post-operative course was uneventful with the improvement in symptom and uroflowmetry revealed promising result. This case represented an entity of rare and interesting case of cystitis glandularis causing severe obstructive symptoms and urinary bladder mass which appropriate therapy of endoscopic intervention, COX-2 inhibitor and oral steroid resulted in promising outcome. Follow up of 1 year resulted in reduced LUTS symptoms such as straining and difficulty of urination. Cystitis Glandularis (CG) is an unusual proliferative disease of the bladder This condition is associated with inflammation or chronic obstruction Manifestation of large visible macroscopic lesion of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare entity Appropriate therapy consisted of endoscopic intervention, COX-2 inhibitor and oral steroid for Cystitis Glandularis resulted in promising outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kusumaputra
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Akbar Rahman
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Soetojo Wirjopranoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
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Ahmad A, Imbisat MZ, Ranjan N, Tiwari RK, Kumar B, Khatoon Q. Cystitis glandularis- rare cause of urinary bladder mass: case report and literature review. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cystitis glandularis a rare benign proliferative disease of the urinary bladder mucosa is usually a microscopic finding and manifests rarely as a large visible macroscopic lesion of urinary bladder. Only few cases of cystitis glandularis presenting as urinary bladder mass in female patients have been reported in the literature. We are reporting a case of cystitis glandularis presenting as a urinary bladder mass in a very young female patient.
Case presentation.
Our patient, a young female 25 years of age presented in the Urology OPD with complaints of irritative lower urinary tract symptoms for two years and intermittent hematuria for one year. On evaluation, she was found to have a urinary bladder mass. Transurethral resection of her urinary bladder mass was done and on histopathological examination, it came out to be cystitis glandularis.
Conclusion
Clinical presentation of cystitis glandularis is variable. It may remain asymptomatic or could present as irritative lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria, or mucus in the urine. It is normally a microscopic finding but could also present as an overt urinary bladder mass however this has been reported rarely in the literature.
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Concurrent urachal abscess and florid cystitis glandularis masquerading as malignancy: a case report and literature review. BMC Surg 2022; 22:105. [PMID: 35313861 PMCID: PMC8939218 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urachus is the embryological remnant of the cloaca and allantois. Failure of its regression can cause diseases any time after birth. It is difficult to differentiate an abscess from urachal adenocarcinoma based on the clinical presentation and image findings. Cystitis glandularis reflects chronic irritation of the bladder urothelium, and tumor-like florid cystitis glandularis can be misdiagnosed as malignancy. We report a patient with concurrent urachal abscess and florid cystitis glandularis which increased the resemblance of malignancy. CASE PRESENTATION A 57-year-old female was incidentally found to have a heterogeneous pelvic mass abutting the urinary bladder. A cystoscopy examination revealed protruding tumors located in the bladder dome. Her blood test results were all normal, and urinalysis showed microscopic hematuria. Urachal cancer was diagnosed and en bloc excision of the umbilicus, tumor, and the involved bladder dome was performed. Pathology revealed urachal abscess with concurrent cystitis glandularis within the urinary bladder. No malignancy was identified in the resected specimen. CONCLUSIONS It is challenging to distinguish urachal abscess from a malignant tumor based on the clinical presentation and imaging studies. As in our case, the coexistence of urachal abscess and tumor-like florid cystitis glandularis increased the resemblance to a malignancy. This is the first reported case of the concurrence of these two disease entities, and emphasizes that the detection of bladder tumors on cystoscopy is not sufficient to make the diagnosis of urachal cancer with bladder involvement.
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Garg H, Singh P, Nayak B, Nayyar R, Kaushal S, Kumar R, Seth A. Understanding an unusual urothelial disorder: cystitis cystica et glandularis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158211032819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To study the presentation and natural course of cystitis cystica et glandularis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with histopathologically confirmed cystitis cystica et glandularis from March 2016 to March 2018 who at least completed their 2 years’ follow-up was performed. Perioperative details along with the last available follow-up were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 10 patients were included. The mean age (± standard deviation) was 33.4 (±14.0) years and nine (90%) were men. The most common presentation was storage and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms (80%) along with haematuria (40%) and dysuria (20%). Four patients had the presence of hydronephrosis in preoperative imaging, of which three patients had bilateral mild hydroureteronephrosis. All the patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumour as all were diagnosed with urinary bladder mass on preoperative imaging. All the patients had a trigonal lesion with a bullous appearance partially obstructing the bladder neck. Six patients underwent double J stenting in the perioperative period. The mean (± standard deviation) follow-up duration was 32.8 (±7.5) months. Patients were kept on regular surveillance with imaging and cystoscopy as indicated. Eight patients (80%) developed recurrence in the follow-up period. The mean number of recurrences was 1.5 (±1.1). One of the patients had to undergo augmentation ileocystoplasty with bilateral ureteric reimplantation because of the recurrent lesion with small contracted bladder, while another patient underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion owing to recurrence and refractory lower urinary tract symptoms. Besides, there was no evidence of malignancy after this entity in any of the patients. Conclusion: Cystitis cystica et glandularis is a rare clinic pathological entity which often mimics bladder tumour. Cystitis cystica et glandularis is common in men and often presents with lower urinary tract symptoms. Transurethral resection forms the mainstay of treatment. However, it is often associated with upper tract hydronephrosis. Its controversial premalignant nature compounded with recurrence and risk of upper tract deterioration warrants close surveillance. Level of evidence: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Garg
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjot Singh
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Brusabhanu Nayak
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rishi Nayyar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Bhana K, Lazarus J, Kesner K, John J. Florid cystitis cystica et glandularis causing irreversible renal injury. Ther Adv Urol 2021; 13:17562872211022465. [PMID: 34178117 PMCID: PMC8202316 DOI: 10.1177/17562872211022465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystitis cystica et glandularis (CCEG) is widely believed to be innocuous and self-limiting. We report a case of a 32-year-old male patient who was found to have gross bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 3 ml/min/1.73 m2. Cystoscopy revealed extensive cystic and nodular lesions involving most of the bladder urothelium, which proved to be CCEG on histopathological analysis. Retrograde and anterograde stents could not be inserted due to obstruction of the ureters at the level of the vesicoureteric junction. Percutaneous nephrostomies were subsequently inserted. Although there was evidence of improvement of the CCEG on follow-up cystoscopy, no improvement of renal function, despite decompression with percutaneous nephrostomies, was seen. He was subsequently placed on the waiting list for a renal transplant. We believe this to be the only known case reported of florid CCEG obstructing the upper urinary tracts bilaterally, causing irreversible renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerisha Bhana
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Frere Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
| | - John Lazarus
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ken Kesner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Frere Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
| | - Jeff John
- Department of Urology, Department of Surgery, Frere Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, East London 5200, South Africa
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Agrawal A, Kumar D, Jha AA, Aggarwal P. Incidence of adenocarcinoma bladder in patients with cystitis cystica et glandularis: A retrospective study. Indian J Urol 2020; 36:297-302. [PMID: 33376267 PMCID: PMC7759183 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_261_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cystitis cystica et glandularis (CCG) is a hyper proliferative condition, likely representing a local immune response to chronic inflammatory stimulus. It has been hypothesized as a potential precursor of adenocarcinoma; however, a definite association has not been demonstrated. We aimed to determine whether CCG is a precursor to malignancy and to study the correlation of its two histological variants: the typical and the intestinal metaplasia (IM) type CCG. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, all the cases of CCG diagnosed and treated between January 2012 and December 2019 were analyzed. All the cases were followed up cystoscopically and biopsies were taken if the lesion persisted. The development of adenocarcinoma during the follow-up was noted. The patients were divided into two groups based on the histological subtype, i.e., the typical type and the IM type, and the two groups were also compared in terms of presentation, cystoscopic appearance, and development of adenocarcinoma. Results: A total of 64 patients, with 52 in the typical and 12 in the IM group were analyzed. The commonest symptom was hematuria (59.38%), followed by irritative bladder symptoms (51.56%). The median follow-up period was 5 years and 5 months (range: 7–96 months) and no patient progressed to adenocarcinoma. On comparing the two groups, the lesions weresignificantly more extensive in the IM group (50% vs. 15.38%). However, there were no differences in the symptoms or the development of malignancy between the two groups. Conclusions: At a median of 5 years and 5 months of follow up, CCG (including the IM-type) did not show any increase in the risk of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agrawal
- Department of Urology, Command Hospital (Western Command), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Urology, Command Hospital (Western Command), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Aditya A Jha
- Department of Surgery, Military Hospital, Secundrabad, Telangana, India
| | - Puneet Aggarwal
- Department of Urology, Army Hospital (R and R), New Delhi, India
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Abasher A, Abdel Raheem A, Aldarrab R, Aldurayhim M, Attallah A, Banihani O. Bladder outlet obstruction secondary to posterior urethral cystitis cystica & glandularis in a 12-year-old boy. A rare case scenario. Urol Case Rep 2020; 33:101425. [PMID: 33102121 PMCID: PMC7574332 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urethral cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis in children are extremely rare condition. Mainly manifested as weak urine flow. Other symptoms may occur, such as terminal hematuria, urgency, frequency, and urinary incontinence. In ultrasound examinations, children usually have high post-void residual urine volume. Transurethral visualization and resection of lesions is a method of diagnosis and treatment. Close follow-up is necessary because recurrence may occur. In addition, systemic corticosteroids may slow down its regrowth. In the current case report, we discussed the clinical presentation and management of urethra cystitis cystica, and cystitis glandularis in a 12-year-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Abdel Raheem
- Department of Urology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rakan Aldarrab
- Department of Urology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Azza Attallah
- Department of Histopathology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaya Banihani
- Department of Urology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hu J, Li C, Guo X, Zhang H, Li H, Qiu D, Gong G, Liu P, Ren W, Chen J, Zu X. Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for the risk of recurrence in patients with cystitis glandularis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:352. [PMID: 32355796 PMCID: PMC7186700 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Most patients with cystitis glandularis (CG) suffer from recurrence after primary treatment. Therefore, we performed this multicenter study to clarify the recurrent risk factors and constructed a predictive nomogram for the risk of recurrence. Also, we try to investigate the correlation between CG and bladder cancer. Methods Consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed CG were divided into training and validation sets. Clinicopathological characters were collected from electronic medical records. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors of CG recurrence in the training set. The predictive nomogram was developed by incorporating these independent factors and histological subtype. The performance of the nomogram was assessed and validated with respects to its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. The risk of developing subsequent bladder cancer was analyzed from the follow-up data. Results Ultimately, 278 eligible patients were included and were allocated to a training set (n=190) and a validation set (n=88). Of them, 165 (59.35%) patients experienced CG recurrence, and none showed evidence of subsequent bladder carcinoma during a median (IQR) follow-up time of 27 months (14–57 months). Results of multivariate analysis showed that urinary infections, long-term indwelling catheter usage, urinary calculus, squamous metaplasia, and atypical hyperplasia were independent risk factors of CG recurrence. The C-index (95% CI) of the nomogram was 0.76 (0.69–0.83) in the training set and 0.72 (0.61–0.83) in the validation set. A decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that this predictive nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusions We developed and validated a nomogram to predict the individualized risk of CG recurrence. Also, we demonstrated that neither intestinal nor typical CG increased the consequent risk of bladder cancer during the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Hu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Huihuang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peihua Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenbiao Ren
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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12
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Zhou X, Cui Y, Chen J, Li C, Chen F, Chen X, Ou Z, Cheng X, Ren W, Li H, Zu X, Liu N. UCA1 promotes cell viability, proliferation and migration potential through UCA1/miR-204/CCND2 pathway in primary cystitis glandularis cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108872. [PMID: 30999112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystitis glandularis (CG) is an unusual proliferative disorder of the urinary bladder. Increasing evidences demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a variety of cellular progresses. However, there are rarely reports about the role and underlying molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in CG. In this study, we firstly isolated the primary cells from the tissues of CG and adjacent normal tissues, and found that UCA1 was up-regulated in the primary CG cells (pCGs). Then, we showed that knock out of UCA1 reduced the cell viability, inhibited the cell proliferation and restrained the migration potential and overexpression of UCA1 promoted that in pCGs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that UCA1 played its role via sponging of the miR-204 in pCGs. In addition, we illustrated that miR-204 exerted its function via targeting CYCLIN D2 (CCND2) 3'UTR at mRNA level in pCGs. Ultimately, we revealed the role and regulation of UCA1/miR-204/CCND2 regulatory axis in pCGs. In summary, our study, for the first time, revealed the role and underlying mechanism of an lncRNA UCA1 in CG, providing a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fengmin Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhenyu Ou
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenbiao Ren
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Huihuang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Nenghui Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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[TYPICAL TYPE CYSTITIS GLANDULARIS PRESENTING URINARY RETENTION IN A YOUNG MAN: ADJUVANT THERAPY USING ORAL CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR: A CASE REPORT]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2019; 110:148-151. [PMID: 32307385 DOI: 10.5980/jpnjurol.110.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A 31-year-old man was referred to our hospital with urinary retention. Cystoscopy revealed multiple edematous papillary tumors on the bladder trigone and neck, which were removed by transurethral resection. The pathological diagnosis was typical type cystitis glandularis. This relapsed six months after surgery and transurethral resection was repeated. Because immunohistochemical findings revealed positive epithelial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signals, we prescribed an oral COX-2 inhibitor. The tumor revealed shrinkage for six months after medication.
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Jayman J, Kasprenski M, Maruf M, Epstein J, Benz K, Gearhart JP. Bladder polyps in cloacal exstrophy: A histological series. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Ni Y, Zhao S, Yin X, Wang H, Guang Q, Hu G, Yang Y, Jiao S, Shi B. Intravesicular administration of sodium hyaluronate ameliorates the inflammation and cell proliferation of cystitis cystica et glandularis involving interleukin-6/JAK2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15892. [PMID: 29162939 PMCID: PMC5698415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystitis cystica et glandularis (CCEG) is a chronic cystitis that causes extreme agony in affected patients. However, there are lack of effective conservative treatments. In this study, it is evident that intravesicular sodium hyaluronate (SH) therapy significantly improved the clinical symptoms of CCEG patients and ameliorated the bladder mucosal inflammation and cell proliferation characteristics of the disease. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the staining intensities of hyaluronidase (HYAL 1/2), CD44, IL-6 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-Stat3) in bladder mucosal tissue were significantly increased in CCEG patients compared with control patients and that intravesicular SH treatment suppressed these protein expression. We established a CCEG rat model by treating rats with E. coli intravesicularly, and we found that HYAL 1/2 and CD44 expression levels were significantly increased in the E. coli group compared with the NC group. Activation of the IL-6/JAK2/Stat3 pathway and the expression levels of the downstream pro-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL were also significantly increased in the E. coli group compared with the NC group. The above changes were significantly mitigated by intravesicular SH treatment. Therefore, SH may serve as an effective therapy for CCEG by inhibiting bladder mucosal inflammation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Ni
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Urology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Haixin Wang
- Department of Urology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Qianqian Guang
- Department of Pathology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Guangxia Hu
- Department of Pathology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Shoubin Jiao
- Department of Urology, Yankuang Group General Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, 273500, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Preliminary study of diffusion-weighted MRI in the preoperative diagnosis of cystitis glandularis. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:937.e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang W, Yao YS, Lin ME, Xie WJ, Pan WW. Unexplained association between cystitis glandularis and interstitial cystitis in females: a retrospective study. Int Urogynecol J 2015; 26:1835-41. [PMID: 26231232 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-015-2780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS An increasing number of female patients have received comorbid diagnoses of cystitis glandularis (CG) and interstitial cystitis (IC) at our institution. In addition, most of these patients suffer from coexisting obstructive lower urinary tract diseases (OLUTDs). In this study, we aimed to present evidence of the possible association between CG and IC and analyze the clinical features of this association. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 395 female patients diagnosed with CG and/or IC. The patients were divided into three groups: group A (CG only), group B (IC only), and group C (CG+IC). Chi-squared tests were applied to compare the prevalence rates of CG in patients with IC and in the general population, the prevalence rates of IC in patients with CG and in the general population, and the prevalence rates of OLUTD in the three patient groups. RESULTS The prevalence rate of IC in patients with CG was significantly higher than that in the general population, while the prevalence rate of CG in patients with IC was also significantly higher than that in the general population. For groups A, B, and C, 93 (39.2 %), 30 (44.1 %), and 58 (64.4 %) cases respectively presented with OLUTDs, and the prevalence rate of OLUTDs varied significantly among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study found a possible association between CG and IC, and coexisting OLUTDs influenced this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Jieyang, 107 Tianfu Road, Jieyang, 522000, People's Republic of China
| | - You-sheng Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-en Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-jie Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-wei Pan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
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Yuksel OH, Urkmez A, Erdogru T, Verit A. The role of steroid treatment in intractable cystitis glandularis: A case report and literature review. Can Urol Assoc J 2015; 9:E306-9. [PMID: 26029302 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative disease of the urinary bladder epithelium. It is rare in children. We report a case of a 23-year-old female with intractable macroscopic hematuria and severe irritative bladder symptoms persisting for 13 years. The patient, who had undergone open and endoscopic bladder surgery at various medical centres, is currently being followed up at our clinic. Cystoscopy revealed multiple edematous papillary tumours on the bladder neck, trigone, and lateral wall on both sides and she underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumour. The pathological diagnosis was cystitis glandularis in accordance with the histopathological reports obtained from the other medical centres. Her condition was resistant to transurethral resection, partial cystectomy, intravesical mitomycin, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment; it eventually could have affected the upper urinary tract. Oral steroid treatment was given for 6 months; after treatment, her symptoms improved and the cystoscopy revealed a dramatic improvement in her condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Haki Yuksel
- Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Urkmez
- Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tibet Erdogru
- Department of Urology, Memorial Atasehir Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Verit
- Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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