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Liu VP, Li WM, Lofroth J, Zeb M, Patrick BO, Bott TM, Lee CH. A specific dispiropiperazine derivative that arrests cell cycle, induces apoptosis, necrosis and DNA damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8674. [PMID: 37248333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispiropiperazine compounds are a class of molecules known to confer biological activity, but those that have been studied as cell cycle regulators are few in number. Here, we report the characterization and synthesis of two dispiropiperazine derivatives: the previously synthesized spiro[2',3]-bis(acenaphthene-1'-one)perhydrodipyrrolo-[1,2-a:1,2-d]-pyrazine (SPOPP-3, 1), and its previously undescribed isomer, spiro[2',5']-bis(acenaphthene-1'-one)perhydrodipyrrolo-[1,2-a:1,2-d]-pyrazine (SPOPP-5, 2). SPOPP-3 (1), but not SPOPP-5 (2), was shown to have anti-proliferative activity against a panel of 18 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.63 to 13 µM. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SPOPP-3 (1) was able to arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase in SW480 human cancer cells. Western blot analysis further confirmed the cell cycle arrest is in the M phase. In addition, SPOPP-3 (1) was shown to induce apoptosis, necrosis, and DNA damage as well as disrupt mitotic spindle positioning in SW480 cells. These results warrant further investigation of SPOPP-3 (1) as a novel anti-cancer agent, particularly for its potential ability to sensitize cancer cells for radiation-induced cell death, enhance cancer immunotherapy, overcome apoptosis-related drug resistance and for possible use in synthetic lethality cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Wai-Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Jack Lofroth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Mehreen Zeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Tina M Bott
- Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Chow H Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
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Schreiber CL, Li DH, Smith BD. High-Performance Near-Infrared Fluorescent Secondary Antibodies for Immunofluorescence. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3643-3651. [PMID: 33566567 PMCID: PMC8779000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A broad array of imaging and diagnostic technologies employs fluorophore-labeled antibodies for biomarker visualization, an experimental technique known as immunofluorescence. Significant performance advantages, such as higher signal-to-noise ratio, are gained if the appended fluorophore emits near-infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength >700 nm. However, the currently available NIR fluorophore antibody conjugates are known to exhibit significant limitations, including low chemical stability and photostability, weakened target specificity, and low fluorescence brightness. These fluorophore limitations are resolved by employing a NIR heptamethine cyanine dye named s775z whose chemical structure is very stable, charge-balanced, and sterically shielded. Using indirect immunofluorescence for imaging and visualization, a secondary IgG antibody labeled with s775z outperformed IgG analogues labeled with the commercially available NIR fluorophores, IRDye 800CW and DyLight800. Comparison experiments include three common techniques: immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Specifically, the secondary IgG labeled with s775z was 3-8 times brighter, 3-6 times more photostable, and still retained excellent target specificity when the degree of antibody labeling was high. The results demonstrate that antibodies labeled with s775z can emit total photon counts that are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those currently possible, and thus enable unsurpassed performance for NIR fluorescence imaging and diagnostics. They are especially well suited for analytical applications that require sensitive NIR fluorescence detection or use modern photon-intense methods that require high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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McGehee DL, Alimohammadi M, Khodakovskaya MV. Carbon-based nanomaterials as stimulators of production of pharmaceutically active alkaloids in cell culture of Catharanthus roseus. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:275102. [PMID: 30901766 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) were previously described as regulators of plant cell division. Here, we demonstrated the ability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene to enhance biomass production in callus culture of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus cultivated in dark conditions. Furthermore, both tested CBNs were able to stimulate biosynthesis of total produced alkaloids in CBN-exposed callus culture of Catharanthus. In one case, total alkaloids in CBN-exposed Catharanthus were double that of unexposed Catharanthus. Analysis of metabolites by HPLC revealed that production of the pharmaceutically active alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine was dramatically enhanced in callus exposed to MWCNT or graphene in both dark and light conditions of callus cultivation. In vitro assays (MTT, flow cytometry) demonstrated that total alkaloid extracts derived from Catharanthus callus treated with CBNs significantly reduced cell proliferation of breast cancer (MCF-7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines compared to the application of extracts derived from untreated Catharanthus callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamond L McGehee
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, United States of America
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Meimetis LG, Giedt RJ, Mikula H, Carlson JC, Kohler RH, Pirovich DB, Weissleder R. Fluorescent vinblastine probes for live cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9953-6. [PMID: 27439765 PMCID: PMC4970878 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the synthesis of several fluorescent analogues of the clinically approved microtubule destabilizing agent vinblastine. The evaluated probes are the most potent described and provides the first example of uptake, distribution and live cell imaging using this well known antimitotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labros G Meimetis
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | - Randy J Giedt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | - Jonathan C Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | - David B Pirovich
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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