1
|
Ogawa M, Urano M, Takaishi T, Kan H, Arai N, Takahashi H, Hara M, Saito M, Shibamoto Y. T-staging of rectal cancer: Utility of single-shot turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging with T2-weighted images and fusion images. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249433. [PMID: 33882087 PMCID: PMC8059798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of turbo spin-echo (TSE) DWI with fusion images in the T-staging compared with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) alone and conventional echo-planner imaging (EPI) DWI. METHODS In this prospective study, 4-mm-thick axial EPI-DWI, TSE-DWI, and T2WI were performed with the same slice locations for 20 patients with rectal cancer. Fusion images of DWI and T2WI were created for both EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI. Ten readers independently diagnosed the T-stages and scored the degree of confidence referring to T2WI alone and then to DWI, T2WI, and fusion images (DWI+T2WI) for each EPI-DWI and TSE-DWI. Visual score assessments of image quality were performed for each DWI. RESULTS Inter-observer agreement of T-staging for 10 readers was slight on T2WI alone but fair on EPI-DWI+T2WI and excellent on TSE-DWI+T2WI images. No readers gave higher confidence scores for T2WI compared to EPI/TSE-DWI+T2WI and for EPI-DWI+T2WI compared to TSE-DWI+T2WI. In seven pathologically-proven cases, poor, poor to slight, and fair to perfect agreements with the pathological T-stage were observed with T2WI alone, EPI-DWI+T2WI, and TSE-DWI+T2WI, respectively. All readers gave higher scores regarding image distortion and lower scores regarding image noise for TSE-DWI compared to EPI-DWI. For DWI utility, higher scores were assigned for TSE-DWI compared to EPI-DWI in 7 readers and there were no significant differences in the other 3 readers. CONCLUSION TSE-DWI images might be more appropriate for image fusion with T2WI and rectal cancer T-staging compared with EPI-DWI and T2WI alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misugi Urano
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Takaishi
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kan
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Arai
- Department of Radiological Technology, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Saito
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Effect of Rectal Distention on the Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters: Using Sonography Transmission Gel. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2020; 44:759-765. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Nougaret S, Castan F, de Forges H, Vargas HA, Gallix B, Gourgou S, Rouanet P. Early MRI predictors of disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer from the GRECCAR 4 trial. Br J Surg 2019; 106:1530-1541. [PMID: 31436325 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tailored neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) may improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine early MRI prognostic parameters with which to stratify neoadjuvant treatment in patients with LARC. METHODS All patients from a prospective, phase II, multicentre randomized study (GRECCAR4; NCT01333709) were included, and underwent rectal MRI before treatment, 4 weeks after induction chemotherapy and after completion of chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Tumour volumetry, MRI tumour regression grade (mrTRG), T and N categories, circumferential resection margin (CRM) status and extramural vascular invasion identified by MRI (mrEMVI) were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 133 randomized patients were analysed. Median follow-up was 41·4 (95 per cent c.i. 36·6 to 45·2) months. Thirty-one patients (23·3 per cent) developed tumour recurrence. In univariable analysis, mrEMVI at baseline was the only prognostic factor associated with poorer outcome (P = 0·015). After induction chemotherapy, a larger tumour volume on MRI (P = 0·019), tumour volume regression of 60 per cent or less (P = 0·002), involvement of the CRM (P = 0·037), mrEMVI (P = 0·026) and a poor mrTRG (P = 0·023) were associated with poor outcome. After completion of CRT, the absence of complete response on MRI (P = 0·004), mrEMVI (P = 0·038) and a poor mrTRG (P = 0·005) were associated with shorter disease-free survival. A final multivariable model including all significant variables (baseline, after induction, after CRT) revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = 0·011), sphincter involvement (P = 0·009), mrEMVI at baseline (P = 0·002) and early tumour volume regression of 60 per cent or less after induction (P = 0·007) were associated with relapse. CONCLUSION Baseline and early post-treatment MRI parameters are associated with prognosis in LARC. Future preoperative treatment should stratify treatment according to baseline mrEMVI status and early tumour volume regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nougaret
- Department of Radiology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - F Castan
- Biometrics Unit, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - H de Forges
- Clinical Research Unit, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - H A Vargas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - B Gallix
- Department of Radiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Gourgou
- Biometrics Unit, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Rouanet
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schurink NW, Lambregts DMJ, Beets-Tan RGH. Diffusion-weighted imaging in rectal cancer: current applications and future perspectives. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180655. [PMID: 30433814 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current applications and clinical utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for rectal cancer and in addition provides a brief overview of more recent developments (including intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and novel postprocessing tools) that are still in more early stages of research. More than 140 papers have been published in the last decade, during which period the use of DWI have slowly moved from mainly qualitative (visual) image interpretation to increasingly advanced methods of quantitative analysis. So far, the largest body of evidence exists for assessment of tumour response to neoadjuvant treatment. In this setting, particularly the benefit of DWI for visual assessment of residual tumour in post-radiation fibrosis has been established and is now increasingly adopted in clinics. Quantitative DWI analysis (mainly the apparent diffusion coefficient) has potential, both for response prediction as well as for tumour prognostication, but protocols require standardization and results need to be prospectively confirmed on larger scale. The role of DWI for further clinical tumour and nodal staging is less well-defined, although there could be a benefit for DWI to help detect lymph nodes. Novel methods of DWI analysis and post-processing are still being developed and optimized; the clinical potential of these tools remains to be established in the upcoming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels W Schurink
- 1 Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,2 GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Regina G H Beets-Tan
- 1 Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,2 GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borstlap WAA, van Oostendorp SE, Klaver CEL, Hahnloser D, Cunningham C, Rullier E, Bemelman WA, Tuynman JB, Tanis PJ. Organ preservation in rectal cancer: a synopsis of current guidelines. Colorectal Dis 2017; 20:201-210. [PMID: 29136328 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high morbidity associated with radical resection for rectal cancer is an incentive for surgeons to adopt strategies aimed at organ preservation, particularly for early disease. There are a number of different approaches to achieve this. In this study we have collated current national and international guidelines to produce a synopsis to support this changing practice. METHODS The databases PubMed, Embase, Trip database, national guideline clearinghouse, BMJ Best practice were interrogated. Guidelines published before 2010 were excluded. The AGREE-II tool was used for quality assessment. RESULTS 24 guidelines were drawn from 2278 potential publications. A consensus exists for local excision for "low risk" T1 rectal cancer but there is no agreement how to stratify the risk of treatment failure. There is a low level of agreement for rectal preservation for more advanced disease but when mentioned is recommended for unfit patients or in th context of a clinical trial. Guidelines are inconsistent with respect to surveillance in node negative disease and after, complete response to chemoradiotherapy CONCLUSION: According to current guidelines and consensus statements organ preservation for rectal cancer beyond low risk T1, is still considered experimental and only indicated in patients unsuitable for radical surgery.. Follow up strategies and cN0 staging deserve attention and highlight the need for high quality clinical trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A A Borstlap
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - C E L Klaver
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Hahnloser
- Department of Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Cunningham
- Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - E Rullier
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Haut-Lévèque Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - W A Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J B Tuynman
- Department of Surgery, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P J Tanis
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Surov A, Meyer HJ, Höhn AK, Behrmann C, Wienke A, Spielmann RP, Garnov N. Correlations between intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and histological findings in rectal cancer: preliminary results. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21974-21983. [PMID: 28423540 PMCID: PMC5400638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to correlate different intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), histopathological and clinical parameters in rectal cancer. 17 patients with histologically proven rectal cancer investigated on a 3.T device were included into the study. DWI was performed using a multi-slice single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence with b values of 0, 50, 200, 500 and 1000 s/mm.2 A polygonal region of interest was drawn within the tumors on every b image. The following parameters were retrieved from IVIM: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion factor (f), and relative perfusion f·D*. In every case, cell count, nucleic areas, proliferation index KI 67, and microvessel density were estimated on histopathological specimens. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the association between the parameters. ADC correlated well with KI 67 index and D tended to correlate with cell count and KI 67. ADC and D tended to correlate with total nucleic area. The perfusion factor f correlated well with stained vessel area, total vessel area, and vessel count. D* and fD* correlated with mean vessel diameter. Distant metastasized tumors had higher D* and fD* values. IVIM parameter reflected different clinical and histopathological features in rectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Surov
- Department of Radiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Jonas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Curd Behrmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Peter Spielmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikita Garnov
- Department of Radiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanishima H, Kimura M, Tominaga T, Iwakura S, Hoshida Y, Horiuchi T. Lateral lymph node metastasis in a patient with T1 upper rectal cancer treated by lateral lymph node dissection: a case report and brief literature review. Surg Case Rep 2017; 3:93. [PMID: 28836143 PMCID: PMC5568184 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-017-0366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis may occur in patients with advanced rectal cancers of which the lower margins are located at or below the peritoneal reflection. However, LLN metastasis from a T1 rectal cancer is rare. Here, we report a case of LLN metastasis from a T1 upper rectal cancer that was successfully treated by sequential LLN dissection. Case presentation A 56-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a T1 upper rectal cancer. We performed a laparoscopic low anterior resection. Histological examination showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with submucosal layer invasion; the invasion depth was classified as head invasion, without vessel or lymph duct invasion. Tumor budding was classified as grade 1. A total of six lymph nodes were harvested, and no lymph node metastases were detected. The postoperative course was uneventful. At 6 months after surgery, however, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels were elevated, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed swollen lymph nodes in the right internal and common iliac artery area. Positron emission tomography with CT revealed hot spots in the same lesions. A retrospective re-evaluation of the preoperative CT images revealed no apparent swollen lymph nodes; however, an unusual soft tissue area was detected around the right internal iliac artery. A right LLN dissection was performed. Fifteen lymph nodes were resected, and histologically, metastases of adenocarcinoma were identified in 3 nodes. The postoperative course was again uneventful. The patient was given 12 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin). The patient remains healthy and with no signs of recurrence at 30 months after the second surgery. Conclusions LLN metastasis occurs very rarely in patients with T1 upper rectal cancer and no risk factors for lymph node metastasis; however, a careful perioperative examination of the LLN should be performed. In cases involving LLN metastasis, a LLN dissection may be a therapeutic option if performed with curative intent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanishima
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashimachi, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Kimura
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashimachi, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiji Tominaga
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashimachi, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwakura
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashimachi, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshida
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashimachi, Kawachinagano, Osaka, 586-8521, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Horiuchi
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashimachi, Kawachinagano, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dijkhoff RAP, Beets-Tan RGH, Lambregts DMJ, Beets GL, Maas M. Value of DCE-MRI for staging and response evaluation in rectal cancer: A systematic review. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:155-168. [PMID: 28987662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the clinical value of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in rectal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane library. Studies that evaluated DCE-MRI for tumour aggressiveness, primary staging and restaging after chemoradiation (CRT) were included. Information on population, DCE technique, DCE parameters and outcome (angiogenesis, staging and response) were extracted. RESULTS 19 studies were identified; 10 evaluated quantitative analyses, 6 semiquantitative analyses and 3 evaluated both. 8 studies evaluated correlation between DCE-parameters and angiogenesis or tumour aggressiveness, 11 studies evaluated response prediction pre- and post-CRT. Semiquantitative washin parameters showed a significantly positive correlation with angiogenesis, while for quantitative analyses conflicting results were found. Conflicting results were also reported for the correlation between DCE parameters and tumour aggressiveness: both higher and lower vascularity in more aggressive tumours are reported, while some studies report no correlation. Six studies showed a predictive value of Ktrans for response. A high Ktrans pre-CRT was significantly correlated with a complete/good response, but the reported pre-CRT Ktrans varied substantially (0.36-1.93). After CRT a reduction in Ktrans of 32%-36% was significantly associated with response. For semiquantitative analyses pre-CRT late slope was reported to be significantly lower in good responders, however only few studies exist on semiquantitative analyses of post-CRT DCE-MRI. CONCLUSION DCE-MRI in rectal cancer is promising mainly for prediction and assessment of response to CRT, where a high pre-CRT Ktrans and a decrease in Ktrans are significantly predictive for response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A P Dijkhoff
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Regina G H Beets-Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Doenja M J Lambregts
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Geerard L Beets
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Maas
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palmucci S, Piccoli M, Piana S, Foti P, Siverino R, Mauro L, Milone P, Ettorre G. Diffusion MRI for rectal cancer staging: ADC measurements before and after ultrasonographic gel lumen distension. Eur J Radiol 2017; 86:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
10
|
Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Assessment of T Category and Circumferential Resection Margin Involvement in Patients With Rectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2016; 59:789-99. [PMID: 27384098 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of rectal cancer is directly related to the stage of the tumor at diagnosis. Accurate preoperative staging is essential for selecting patients to receive optimal treatment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI in tumor staging and circumferential resection margin involvement in rectal cancer. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science database. STUDY SELECTION Original articles from 2000 to 2016 on the diagnostic performance of MRI in the staging of rectal cancer and/or assessment of mesorectal fascia status were eligible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pooled diagnostic statistics including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were calculated for invasion of muscularis propria, perirectal tissue, and adjacent organs and for circumferential resection margin involvement through bivariate random-effects modeling. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were fitted, and areas under summary receiver operating characteristic curves were counted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI for each outcome. RESULTS Thirty-five studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. Preoperative MRI revealed the highest sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98) and specificity of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98) for muscularis propria invasion and adjacent organ invasion. Areas under summary receiver operating characteristic curves indicated good diagnostic accuracy for each outcome, with the highest of 0.9515 for the assessment of adjacent organ invasion. Significant heterogeneity existed among studies. There was no notable publication bias for each outcome. LIMITATIONS This meta-analysis revealed relatively high diagnostic accuracy for preoperative MRI, although significant heterogeneity existed. Therefore, exploration should be focused on standardized interpretation criteria and optimal MRI protocols for future studies. CONCLUSIONS MRI showed relatively high diagnostic accuracy for preoperative T staging and circumferential resection margin assessment and should be reliable for clinical decision making.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ogawa S, Itabashi M, Hirosawa T, Hashimoto T, Bamba Y, Okamoto T. Diagnosis of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis of T1 lower rectal cancer using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: A case report with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection of lower rectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:817-820. [PMID: 27123286 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study presented a 35-year-old female patient in whom fecal occult blood was detected in a medical check-up. Colonoscopy revealed a superficial elevated-type tumor with central depression in the lower rectum. The tumor was diagnosed as T1 deep invasive cancer. No swollen lymph nodes or distant metastasis were found on computed tomography or [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography with computed tomography. However, a swollen right lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN; short axis 4 mm) was revealed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This lymph node exhibited high intensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), suggesting metastasis. Low anterior resection, regional lymph node dissection and right LPLN dissection (LPLD) were performed. Histological analysis revealed metastasis in the right LPLN, as suggested by the high DWI intensity. The indication for LPLD in the current Japanese guidelines is based on the tumor location and depth of invasion (≥T3), however, not on the status of LPLN metastasis in pre-operative evaluation. The present case was cT1, which is not included in this indication. DWI is sensitive for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer, although inflammation-induced swelling of lymph nodes in advanced rectal cancer may cause a false-positive result, which is uncommon in T1 cases. Therefore, an LPLN with a high intensity DWI signal in T1 cases is likely to be metastasis-positive. Pre-operative DWI-MRI may be useful for identifying LPLN metastasis when planning the treatment strategy in these cases. The present study suggested reinvestigation of the indication for LPLD with inclusion of LPLN status on pre-operative imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Ogawa
- Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Michio Itabashi
- Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Hirosawa
- Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takuzo Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Bamba
- Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okamoto
- Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| |
Collapse
|