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Ryschich A, Dong Y, Schäfer M, Ryschich E, Karakhanova S. DWH24: a new antibody for fluorescence-based cell death analysis. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 11:045006. [PMID: 37612784 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aceed0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies have gained considerable importance in laboratory and clinical settings. Currently, antibodies are extensively employed for the diagnosis and treatment of several human diseases. Herein, using targeted and cell immunisation approaches, we developed and characterised an antibody clone, DWH24. We found that DWH24 is an IgMκtype antibody that enables excellent visualisation and quantification of dead cells using immunofluorescence, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. This property was proved by the spontaneous cell death of several tumour cell lines and stimulated T cells, as well as after chemo- and photodynamic therapy. Unlike conventional apoptosis and cell death markers, DWH24 binding occurred in a Ca2+- and protein-independent manner and enabled live imaging of cell death progress, as shown using time-lapse microscopy. The binding specificity of DWH24 was analysed using a human proteome microarray, which revealed a complex response profile with very high spot intensities against various proteins, such as tropomyosin variants and FAM131C. Accordingly, DWH24 can be employed as a suitable tool for the cost-effective and universal analysis of cell death using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ryschich
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Dong
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduard Ryschich
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Karakhanova
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wu M, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Lan Y, Yu Z, Jia C, Cong H, Zhao J. The Discovery of Novel Circulating Cancer-Related Cells in Circulation Poses New Challenges to Microfluidic Devices for Enrichment and Detection. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200226. [PMID: 35595707 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enumeration has been widely used as a surrogate predictive marker for early diagnoses, the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy, and cancer prognosis. Microfluidic technologies for CTCs enrichment and detection have been developed and commercialized as automation platforms. Currently, in addition to CTCs, some new types of circulating cancer-related cells (e.g., CCSCs, CTECs, CAMLs, and heterotypic CTC clusters) in circulation are also reported to be correlated to cancer diagnosis, metastasis, or prognosis. And they widely differ from the conventional CTCs in positive markers, cellular morphology, or size, which presents a new technological challenge to microfluidic devices that use affinity-based capture methods or size-based filtration methods for CTCs detection. This review focuses on the biological and physical properties as well as clinical significance of the novel circulating cancer-related cells, and discusses the challenges of their discovery to microfluidic chip for enrichment. Finally, the current challenges of CTCs detection in clinical application and future opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Yuan X, Dong Z, Shen S. LncRNA GACAT3: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Human Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:785030. [PMID: 35127682 PMCID: PMC8811307 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.785030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of functional RNA molecules that do not encode proteins and are composed of more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs play important roles in epigenetic and gene expression regulation. The oncogenic lncRNA GACAT3 was recently discovered to be dysregulated in many tumors. Aberrant expression of GACAT3 contributes to clinical characteristics and regulates multiple oncogenic processes. The association of GACAT3 with a variety of tumors makes it a promising biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. In this review, we integrate the current understanding of the pathological features, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of GACAT3 in cancer. Additionally, we provide insight into the utility of GACAT3 as an effective diagnostic and prognostic marker for specific tumors, which offers novel opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zihui Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shen Shen,
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Mirershadi F, Ahmadi M, Rahbarghazi R, Heiran H, Keyhanmanesh R. C-Kit + cells can modulate asthmatic condition via differentiation into pneumocyte-like cells and alteration of inflammatory responses via ERK/NF-ƙB pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:96-102. [PMID: 35656445 PMCID: PMC9118279 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.59946.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The exact role of the progenitor cell types in the dynamic healing of asthmatic lungs is lacking. This investigation was proposed to evaluate the effect of intratracheally administered rat bone marrow-derived c-kit+ cells on ovalbumin-induced sensitized male rats. Materials and Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; healthy rats received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (C); sensitized rats received PBS (S); PBS containing C-kit- cells (S+C-kit-); and PBS containing C-kit+ cells (S+C-kit+). After two weeks, circulatory CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts and pulmonary ERK/NF-ƙB signaling pathway as well as the probability of cellular differentiation were assessed. Results The results showed that transplanted C-Kit+ cells were engrafted into pulmonary tissue and differentiated into epithelial cells. C-Kit+ cells could increase the number of CD4+ cells in comparison with the S group (P<0.001); however, they diminished the level of CD8+ cells (P<0.01). Moreover, data demonstrated increased p-ERK/ERK ratio (P<0.001) and NF-ƙB level (P<0.05) in sensitized rats compared with the C group. The administration of C-kit+, but not C-Kit-, decreased p-ERK/ERK ratio and NF-ƙB level compared with those of the S group (P<0.05). Conclusion The study revealed that C-Kit+ cells engrafted into pulmonary tissue reduced the NF-ƙB protein level and diminished p-ERK/ERK ratio, leading to suppression of inflammatory response in asthmatic lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirershadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Department of Physiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding authors: Rana Keyhanmanesh. Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-4133364664; ; and Reza Rahbarghazi. Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Heiran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding authors: Rana Keyhanmanesh. Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-4133364664; ; and Reza Rahbarghazi. Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Crlikova H, Malina J, Novohradsky V, Kostrhunova H, Vasdev RAS, Crowley JD, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Antiproliferative Activity and Associated DNA Interactions of [Co2L3]6+ Cylinders Derived from Bis(bidentate) 2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Crlikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-783-71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Malina
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roan A. S. Vasdev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-783-71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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Song Q, Liu T, Yang H, Bai Y. Innovative Comprehensive Experiments to Study the Morphological Changes of Apoptotic Cells for Undergraduate Education. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 47:348-354. [PMID: 30811847 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This innovative comprehensive experiment is a compulsory course for third-year undergraduate students in the eight-year training program leading to a Doctor of Medicine degree or Doctor of Philosophy degree at Peking University Health Science Center (PKUHSC). There is a critical educational need to prepare these students for the increasing accessibility of research experience. This experimental curriculum of medical cell biology was developed to fulfill such a requirement, which consists of three experiments, including the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium) assay and the immunofluorescence and comet assays to observe antitumor drug-induced cell apoptosis. This experiment-based teaching system provides the participating students an opportunity to enhance their understanding of important biological research techniques and the instrumentation involved and to foster a better understanding of the research process within the classroom. Upon completion of the course, students' feedback showed that the curriculum increased their confidence in performing molecular techniques, and they reported positively on doing a research project in class. This course helped students improve their understanding of theoretical knowledge and actual research processes and contributed to their foundation for future research. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):348-354, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Li G, Yin Q, Ji H, Wang Y, Liu H, Jiang L, Zhu F, Li B. A study on screening and antitumor effect of CD55-specific ligand peptide in cervical cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3899-3912. [PMID: 30519000 PMCID: PMC6239109 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s182337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background To improve the targeting ability of antitumor drugs, we identified the antigens with high expression on the surface of tumor cells associated with tumor escape, such as the complement regulatory protein CD55 molecule, which is also known as the decay accelerating factor. In this study, phage display technology was used to screen and identify CD55-specific ligand peptide (CD55sp) bound to CD55 molecule on the surface of cervical cancer HeLa cells. We then explored the role of this peptide in inhibiting the growth of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Our characterization of CD55sp will provide implication for tumor target therapy. Methods The phage bound to the surface of HeLa cells were isolated by phage display technology. Positive phage clones were identified by ELISA. Phage was then amplified and determined by agarose gel electrophoresis after monoclonal DNA extraction. DNA sequencing and bioinformatical analysis were conducted to obtain specific ligand peptides. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression of CD55 molecule on the surface of tumor and normal cells. Subsequently, the effects of CD55sp on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa and SiHa cells were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and TUNEL assay, respectively. The morphology of apoptotic cells was examined by electron microscope. The distribution of Cleaved caspase-3 was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of bcl-2 and Cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. Results The results showed that the peptide (QVNGLGERSQQM) can bind to the CD55 molecule on the surface of cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells as a ligand peptide. It can also effectively inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and induce cell apoptosis. Conclusion This study demonstrates that CD55sp screened by phage display technology plays a strong antitumor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qifeng Yin
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huanhuan Ji
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
| | - Liangqian Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China,
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Nanou A, Crespo M, Flohr P, De Bono JS, Terstappen LWMM. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E416. [PMID: 30384500 PMCID: PMC6266016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore morphological features of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs), we developed a protocol for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of CTCs and tdEVs. CTCs and tdEVs were isolated by immunomagnetic enrichment based on their Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) expression or by physical separation through 5 μm microsieves from 7.5 mL of blood from Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) patients. Protocols were optimized using blood samples of healthy donors spiked with PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. CTCs and tdEVs were identified among the enriched cells by fluorescence microscopy. The positions of DNA+, CK+, CD45- CTCs and DNA-, CK+, CD45- tdEVs on the CellSearch cartridges and microsieves were recorded. After gradual dehydration and chemical drying, the regions of interest were imaged by SEM. CellSearch CTCs retained their morphology revealing various shapes, some of which were clearly associated with CTCs undergoing apoptosis. The ferrofluid was clearly distinguishable, shielding major portions of all isolated objects. CTCs and leukocytes on microsieves were clearly visible, but revealed physical damage attributed to the physical forces that cells exhibit while entering one or multiple pores. tdEVs could not be identified on the microsieves as they passed through the pores. Insights on the underlying mechanism of each isolation technique could be obtained. Complete detailed morphological characteristics of CTCs are, however, masked by both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Nanou
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Mateus Crespo
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Penny Flohr
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Johann S De Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Xu Z, Wang F, Fan F, Gu Y, Shan N, Meng X, Cheng S, Liu Y, Wang C, Song Y, Xu R. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals That the Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase Activity Affects S-Phase Progression Leading to a Chromosome Segregation Disorder by Attenuating the Aurora A Function in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4594-602. [PMID: 26491887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xu
- Central
Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Fengxu Fan
- Central
Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yanjun Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Nana Shan
- Central
Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Department
of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Shixiang Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yingfu Liu
- Central
Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Central
Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yueying Song
- Central
Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Ruicheng Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, No. 1 Huizhi Huan Road, DongLi District, Tianjin 300309, China
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