1
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Yang JS, Chou CH, Hsieh YH, Lu PWA, Lin YC, Yang SF, Lu KH. Morin inhibits osteosarcoma migration and invasion by suppressing urokinase plasminogen activator through a signal transducer and an activator of transcription 3. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2024-2031. [PMID: 38093596 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone cancer that affects adolescents worldwide, has the early metastatic potential to be responsible for high mortality rates. Morin has a multipurpose role in numerous cancers, whereas little is known about its role in osteosarcoma migration and invasion. Therefore, we hypothesized that morin suppresses the invasive activities and the migratory potential of human osteosarcoma cells. Our results showed that morin reduced migration and invasion capabilities in human osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells. Moreover, morin inhibited the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression through a signal transducer and an activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. After STAT3 overexpression, the decrease of the migratory potential and uPA expression caused by 100 μM of morin in U2OS cells was countered, indicating that STAT3 contributes to the antimetastatic property of morin in human osteosarcoma cells by reducing uPA. In conclusion, morin may be a potential candidate for the antimetastatic treatment of human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sin Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peace Wun-Ang Lu
- Department of Natural Science and Mathematics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ya-Chiu Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T, Kishi S, Kuniyasu H. Revisiting 'Hallmarks of Cancer' In Sarcomas. J Cancer 2024; 15:1786-1804. [PMID: 38434982 PMCID: PMC10905407 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that anyone who has participated in cancer care or research has once read the 'Hallmarks of Cancer' papers published by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2001 and 2011. They initially defined the six qualities of cancer cells as cancer hallmarks in 2001, but expanded that to 11 as a next generation in 2011. In their papers, they discussed the potential treatment strategies against cancer corresponding to each of the 11 hallmarks, and to date, proposed therapies that target genes and signaling pathways associated with each of these hallmarks have guided a trail that cancer treatments should take, some of which are now used as standard in clinical practice and some of which have yet to progress that far. Along with the recent advances in cancer research such as genomic analysis with next generation sequencing, they can be reconverged to an alternative six categories defined as selective proliferative advantages, altered stress response, deregulated cellular metabolism, immune modulation and inflammation, tumor microenvironment, tissue invasion and metastasis. In this paper, we will overview the current state of these alternative hallmarks and their corresponding treatments in the current sarcoma practice, then discuss the future direction of sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanya Honoki
- Dept. Of Orthopedic Oncology & Reconstructive Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Kishi
- Dept. of Clinical Pathology, Nozaki Tokushukai Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Dept. of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Japan
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3
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Ceranski AK, Carreño-Gonzalez MJ, Ehlers AC, Colombo MV, Cidre-Aranaz F, Grünewald TGP. Hypoxia and HIFs in Ewing sarcoma: new perspectives on a multi-facetted relationship. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:49. [PMID: 36915100 PMCID: PMC10010019 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia develops during the growth of solid tumors and influences tumoral activity in multiple ways. Low oxygen tension is also present in the bone microenvironment where Ewing sarcoma (EwS) - a highly aggressive pediatric cancer - mainly arises. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1-a) is the principal molecular mediator of the hypoxic response in cancer whereas EWSR1::FLI1 constitutes the oncogenic driver of EwS. Interaction of the two proteins has been shown in EwS. Although a growing body of studies investigated hypoxia and HIFs in EwS, their precise role for EwS pathophysiology is not clarified to date. This review summarizes and structures recent findings demonstrating that hypoxia and HIFs play a role in EwS at multiple levels. We propose to view hypoxia and HIFs as independent protagonists in the story of EwS and give a perspective on their potential clinical relevance as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in EwS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Katharina Ceranski
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha J Carreño-Gonzalez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna C Ehlers
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Vittoria Colombo
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via F. Chiesa 5, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Kamolphiwong R, Kanokwiroon K, Wongrin W, Chaiyawat P, Klangjorhor J, Settakorn J, Teeyakasem P, Sangphukieo A, Pruksakorn D. Potential target identification for osteosarcoma treatment: Gene expression re-analysis and drug repurposing. Gene X 2023; 856:147106. [PMID: 36513192 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rate of osteosarcoma has remained plateaued for the past three decades. New treatment is needed to improve survival rate. Drug repurposing, a method to identify new indications of previous drugs, which saves time and cost compared to the de novo drug discovery. Data mining from gene expression profile was carried out and new potential targets were identified by using drug repurposing strategy. Selected data were newly categorized as pathophysiology and metastasis groups. Data were normalized and calculated the differential gene expression. Genes with log fold change ≥ 2 and adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 were selected as primary candidate genes (PCGs). PCGs were further enriched to determine the secondary candidate genes (SCGs) by protein interaction analysis, upstream transcription factor and related-protein kinase identification. PCGs and SCGs were further matched with gene targeted of corresponding drugs from the Drug Repurposing Hub. A total of 778 targets were identified (360 from PCGs, and 418 from SCGs). This newly identified KLHL13 is a new candidate target based on its molecular function. KLHL13 was upregulated in clinical samples. We found 256 drugs from matching processes (50anti-cancerand206non-anticancerdrugs). Clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs from 5 targets (CDK4, BCL-2, JUN, SRC, PIK3CA) are being performed for osteosarcoma treatment. Niclosamide and synthetic PPARɣ ligands are candidates for repurposing due to the possibility based on their mechanism and pharmacology properties. Re-analysis of gene expression profile could identify new potential targets, confirm a current implication, and expand the chance of repurposing drugs for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawikant Kamolphiwong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Weerinrada Wongrin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Jongkolnee Settakorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sangphukieo
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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5
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Targeting the FAK-Src Complex in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors, Ewing Sarcoma, and Rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcoma 2022; 2022:3089424. [PMID: 35655525 PMCID: PMC9153931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3089424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs), Ewing sarcoma (ES), and alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS and ERMS) are malignant sarcomas typically occurring at young age, with a poor prognosis in the metastatic setting. New treatment options are necessary. Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib single-agent treatment has been investigated in a phase 2 study in patients with advanced sarcomas including ES and RMS but failed as a single agent in these subtypes. Since previous studies demonstrated high FAK and Src activities in RMS and ES tissue and cell lines, and dasatinib treatment was shown to upregulate activated FAK, we hypothesized that FAK-Src combination treatment could potentially be an interesting treatment option for these tumor types. We examined the effects of targeting the FAK-Src complex by addressing (p)FAK and (p)Src expressions in tumor sections of DSRCT (n = 13), ES (n = 68), ARMS (n = 21), and ERMS (n = 39) and by determining the antitumor effects of single and combined treatment with FAK inhibitor defactinib and multikinase (Abl/SFK) inhibitor dasatinib in vitro on cell lines of each subtype. In vivo effects were assessed in DSRCT and ERMS models. Concurrent pFAK and pSrc expressions (H-score >50) were observed in DSRCT (67%), ES (6%), ARMS (35%), and ERMS (19%) samples. Defactinib treatment decreased pFAK expression and reduced cell viability in all subtypes. Dasatinib treatment decreased pSrc expression and cell viability in each subtype. Combination treatment led to a complete reduction in pFAK and pSrc in each cell line and showed enhanced cell viability reduction, drug synergy, DNA damage induction, and a trend toward higher apoptosis induction in DSRCT, ERMS, and ARMS but not in ES cells. These promising in vitro results unfortunately do not translate into promising in vivo results as we did not observe a significant effect on tumor volume in vivo, and the combination did not show superior effects compared to dasatinib single-agent treatment.
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Hu L, Fan M, Shi S, Song X, Wang F, He H, Qi B. Dual target inhibitors based on EGFR: Promising anticancer agents for the treatment of cancers (2017-). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113963. [PMID: 34749202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The EGFR family play a significant role in cell signal transduction and their overexpression is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human solid cancers. Inhibition of the EGFR-mediated signaling pathways by EGFR inhibitors is a widely used strategy for the treatment of cancers. In most cases, the EGFR inhibitors used in clinic were only effective when the cancer cells harbored specific activating EGFR mutations which appeared to preserve the ligand-dependency of receptor activation but altered the pattern of downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, cancer is a kind of multifactorial disease, and therefore manipulating a single target may result in treatment failure. Although drug combinations for the treatment of cancers proved to be successful, the use of two or more drugs concurrently still was a challenge in clinical therapy owing to various dose-limiting toxicities and drug-drug interactions caused by pharmacokinetic profiles changed. Therefore, a single drug targeting two or multiple targets could serve as an effective strategy for the treatment of cancers. In recent, drugs with diverse pharmacological effects have been shown to be more advantageous than combination therapies due to their lower incidences of side effects and more resilient therapies. Accordingly, dual target-single-agent strategy has become a popular field for cancer treatment, and researchers became more and more interest in the development of novel dual-target drugs in recent years. In this review, we briefly introduce the EGFR family proteins and synergisms between EGFR and other anticancer targets, and summarizes the development of potential dual target inhibitors based on wild-type and/or mutant EGFR for the treatment of solid cancers in the past five years. Additionally, the rational design and SARs of these dual target agents are also presented in detailed, which will lay a significant foundation for the further development of novel EGFR-based dual inhibitors with excellent druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengmin Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Baohui Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong Province, China.
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7
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Demirbolat GM, Altintas L, Yilmaz S, Arsoy T, Sözmen M, Degim IT. Nanodesigning of multifunctional quantum dots and nanoparticles for the treatment of fibrosarcoma. J Microencapsul 2021; 39:210-225. [PMID: 34796787 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1990423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM An effective, dual drug(DD) loaded nanocarrier system (nano particle(NP), quantum dots(QDs)) having two active substances was aimed to develop for the treatment of fibrosarcoma. METHODS Zinc oxide(ZnO) QDs were produced using zinc acetate dehydrate as a precursor, were incorporated with chitosan(Ch), and finally decorated with PEG-linked folic acid and were found to be effective after imatinib mesylate(IM) and dexketoprofen trometamol(DT) were loaded. Characterizations, invitro drug releases, cell toxicities, penetrations through cell lines and in-vivo animal tests of the prepared nanosystems were performed. RESULTS The size of hybrid nanoparticles were 168.6 ± 48.8nm, surface charge was -35.8 ± 0.26mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 75% for IM and 99% for DT. DD-functionalized QDChNPs and lyophilized functionalized QDChNPs in capsules slowed down tumor growth by up to 76.5 % and 88.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that developed hybrid nanoparticles are highly effective. This hybrid system gathers many of the advantages of nanotechnology into one form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Melike Demirbolat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biruni University Faculty of Pharmacy, 34010, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Altintas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukran Yilmaz
- Food and Mouth Diseases Institute, 06520, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taibe Arsoy
- Food and Mouth Diseases Institute, 06520, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sözmen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ismail Tuncer Degim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biruni University Faculty of Pharmacy, 34010, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Seo HY, Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee JH, Jang BK, Kim MK. Kahweol Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting the Src/mTOR/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910509. [PMID: 34638852 PMCID: PMC8508869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kahweol, a coffee-specific diterpene, induces apoptosis in human cancer cells, and some targets of kahweol-mediated apoptosis have been identified. However, the specific apoptotic effects and mechanism of action of kahweol in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are unknown. This study was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which kahweol induces apoptosis in HCC cells. The Src pathway is associated with apoptosis in cancer. In this study, we found that kahweol induces apoptosis by inhibiting phosphorylation of Src, and also inhibiting p-mTOR and p-STAT3. Therefore, we suggest that kahweol is a potent inhibitor of HCC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Ha Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dageu 42601, Korea;
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.J.); (M.K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-258-7720 (B.K.J.); +82-53-258-7730 (M.K.K.)
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.J.); (M.K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-258-7720 (B.K.J.); +82-53-258-7730 (M.K.K.)
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9
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Negi P, Cheke RS, Patil VM. Recent advances in pharmacological diversification of Src family kinase inhibitors. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Src kinase, a nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase is composed of 11 members (in human) and is involved in a wide variety of essential functions required to sustain cellular homeostasis and survival.
Main body of the abstract
Deregulated activity of Src family kinase is related to malignant transformation. In 2001, Food and Drug Administration approved imatinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia followed by approval of various other inhibitors from this category as effective therapeutics for cancer patients. In the past decade, Src family kinase has been investigated for the treatment of diverse pathologies in addition to cancer. In this regard, we provide a systematic evaluation of Src kinase regarding its mechanistic role in cancer and other diseases. Here we comment on preclinical and clinical success of Src kinase inhibitors in cancer followed by diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, and inflammation.
Short conclusion
Studies focusing on the diversified role of Src kinase as potential therapeutical target for the development of medicinally active agents might produce significant advances in the management of not only various types of cancer but also other diseases which are in demand for potent and safe therapeutics.
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10
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Smrke A, Anderson PM, Gulia A, Gennatas S, Huang PH, Jones RL. Future Directions in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:172. [PMID: 33467756 PMCID: PMC7829872 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma and is often diagnosed in the 2nd-3rd decades of life. Response to the aggressive and highly toxic neoadjuvant methotrexate-doxorubicin-cisplatin (MAP) chemotherapy schedule is strongly predictive of outcome. Outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have not significantly changed for over thirty years. There is a need for more effective treatment for patients with high risk features but also reduced treatment-related toxicity for all patients. Predictive biomarkers are needed to help inform clinicians to de-escalate or add therapy, including immune therapies, and to contribute to future clinical trial designs. Here, we review a variety of approaches to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with osteosarcoma with a focus on incorporating toxicity reduction, immune therapy and molecular analysis to provide the most effective and least toxic osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannah Smrke
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Peter M. Anderson
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic R3 Main Campus, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Ashish Gulia
- Orthopedic Oncology Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, HBNI, Mumbai 400012, India;
| | - Spyridon Gennatas
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Paul H. Huang
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (S.G.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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11
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Morenikeji OB, Strutton E, Wallace M, Bernard K, Yip E, Thomas BN. Dissecting Transcription Factor-Target Interaction in Bovine Coronavirus Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1323. [PMID: 32872640 PMCID: PMC7564962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause significant disease within many species, including cattle. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infects cattle and wild ruminants, both as a respiratory and enteric pathogen, and possesses a significant economic threat to the cattle industry. Transcription factors are proteins that activate or inhibit transcription through DNA binding and have become new targets for disease therapies. This study utilized in silico tools to identify potential transcription factors that can serve as biomarkers for regulation of BCoV pathogenesis in cattle, both for testing and treatment. A total of 11 genes were identified as significantly expressed during BCoV infection through literature searches and functional analyses. Eleven transcription factors were predicted to target those genes (AREB6, YY1, LMO2, C-Rel, NKX2-5, E47, RORAlpha1, HLF, E4BP4, ARNT, CREB). Function, network, and phylogenetic analyses established the significance of many transcription factors within the immune response. This study establishes new information on the transcription factors and genes related to host-pathogen interactome in BCoV infection, particularly transcription factors YY1, AREB6, LMO2, and NKX2, which appear to have strong potential as diagnostic markers, and YY1 as a potential target for drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (O.B.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.); (K.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Ellis Strutton
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (O.B.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.); (K.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Madeleine Wallace
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (O.B.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.); (K.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Kahleel Bernard
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (O.B.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.); (K.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Elaine Yip
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA; (O.B.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.); (K.B.); (E.Y.)
| | - Bolaji N. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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12
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Tian Z, Niu X, Yao W. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Osteosarcoma Treatment: Which Is the Key Target? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1642. [PMID: 32984034 PMCID: PMC7485562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have shown several multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to be effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, these TKIs have a number of targets, and it is yet unclear which of these targets has a key role in osteosarcoma treatment. In this review, we first summarize the TKIs that were studied in clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Further, we compare and discuss the targets of these TKIs. We found that TKIs with promising therapeutic effect for osteosarcoma include apatinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and sorafenib. The key targets for osteosarcoma treatment may include VEGFRs and RET. The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) MET, IGF-1R, AXL, PDGFRs, KIT, and FGFRs might be relevant but unimportant targets for osteosarcoma treatment. Inhibition of one type of RTK for the treatment of osteosarcoma is not effective. It is necessary to inhibit several relevant RTKs simultaneously to achieve a breakthrough in osteosarcoma treatment. This review provides comprehensive information on TKI targets relevant in osteosarcoma treatment, and it will be useful for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Wang K, Ye X, Yang C, Chen G, Yao N, Kang Z, Shi W. Comprehensive Analysis of Novel lncRNA-TF Regulatory Cross Talks and Identification of Core lncRNA-TF Feedback Loops in Sarcoma. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1558-1572. [PMID: 32845706 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a broad family of cancers that arise from cells of mesenchymal origin in virtually every tissue of the body. Some transcription factors (TFs) have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis and metastasis of sarcomas. The expression of certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been correlated with the degree of cancer prognosis. There is an urgent need to effectively integrate TFs and lncRNA/microRNA/mRNA regulatory axis and further identify more key regulators that play crucial roles in sarcomas. We performed a network-based computational analysis to investigate the lncRNA-TF cross talks via integrating lncRNA-TF ceRNA interactions and TF-TF protein-protein interactions. Multiple topology analyses were performed to the sarcomas-related global lncRNA-TF network. Several lncRNAs or TFs with central topology structures were identified as key regulators and used to locate a hub-associated lncRNA-TF subnetwork. Three functional modules were identified from the sarcomas-related global lncRNA-TF network, which have shown significant pathway enrichment and prognosis capability. The lncRNAs and TFs of these modules were shown to participate in sarcoma-related biological phenomena through involving in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), Jak-STAT, and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) signaling pathways. More importantly, a subset of core lncRNA-TF cross talks that might form positive feedback loops to control biological processes of sarcomas was identified. These core lncRNA-TF positive feedback loops showed more TF binding affinity than other lncRNAs. All the results can help us uncover the molecular mechanism of sarcomas and provide a novel way for diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Daqing No. 4 Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xiangling Ye
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengshan Yang
- Department of PT2, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guocai Chen
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Shi
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, China
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14
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Zhao T, Luo K, Liu X, Dong S, Han Y, Gou M, Su P, Li Q, Zhu T. A novel Lyn-like protein tyrosine kinase identified in lamprey and its role in immune response. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:573-575. [PMID: 32286610 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Kedi Luo
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
- Green Biomedical Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
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15
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Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2.5 Study of Saracatinib (AZD0530), in Patients with Recurrent Osteosarcoma Localized to the Lung. Sarcoma 2020; 2020:7935475. [PMID: 32398945 PMCID: PMC7211262 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7935475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteosarcoma is a rare cancer and a third of patients who have completed primary treatment will develop osteosarcoma recurrence. The Src pathway has been implicated in the metastatic behavior of osteosarcoma; about 95% of samples examined express Src or have evidence of downstream activation of this pathway. Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a potent and selective Src kinase inhibitor that was evaluated in adults in Phase 1 studies. The primary goal of this study was to determine if treatment with saracatinib could increase progression-free survival (PFS) for patients who have undergone complete resection of osteosarcoma lung metastases in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Patients and Methods. Subjects with recurrent osteosarcoma localized to lung and who had complete surgical removal of all lung nodules were randomized within six weeks after complete surgical resection. Saracatinib, or placebo, was administered at a dose of 175 mg orally, once daily, for up to thirteen 28-day cycles. Results Thirty-seven subjects were included in the analyses; 18 subjects were randomized to receive saracatinib and 19 to receive placebo. Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated a median PFS of 19.4 months in the saracatinib treatment group and 8.6 months in the placebo treatment group (p=0.47). Median OS was not reached in either arm. Conclusions Although saracatinib was well tolerated in this patient population, there was no apparent impact of the drug in this double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial on OS, and Src inhibition alone may not be sufficient to suppress metastatic progression in osteosarcoma. There is a suggestion of potential clinical benefit as evidenced by longer PFS in patients randomized to saracatinib based on limited numbers of patients treated.
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16
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Schott C, Shah AT, Sweet-Cordero EA. Genomic Complexity of Osteosarcoma and Its Implication for Preclinical and Clinical Targeted Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:1-19. [PMID: 32767231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a genomically complex disease characterized by few recurrent single-nucleotide mutations or in-frame fusions. In contrast, structural alterations, including copy number changes, chromothripsis, kataegis, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and other large-scale genomic alterations, are frequent and widespread across the osteosarcoma genome. These observed structural alterations lead to activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressors which together contribute to oncogenesis. To date, few targeted therapies for osteosarcoma have been identified. It is likely that effectiveness of targeted therapies will vary greatly in subsets of tumors with distinct key driver events. Model systems which can recapitulate the genetic heterogeneity of this disease are needed to test this hypothesis. One possible approach is to use patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models characterized with regards to their similarity to the human tumor samples from which they were derived. Here we review evidence pointing to the genomic complexity of osteosarcoma and how this is reflected in available model systems. We also review the current state of preclinical testing for targeted therapies using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Schott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Sun CC, Zhang LC, Gao CL, Zhang HR, Yu RL, Kang CM. Design and screening of SGK1, Src dual inhibitors using pharmacophore models, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02249g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 1 that can promote the growth of tumor cells is highly expressed in many tumors. Sarcoma gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer and is an important kinase in tumor cell expression pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-ce Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Li-chuan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Cheng-long Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hao-ran Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Ri-lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Cong-min Kang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
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18
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Zamborsky R, Kokavec M, Harsanyi S, Danisovic L. Identification of Prognostic and Predictive Osteosarcoma Biomarkers. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7020028. [PMID: 30754703 PMCID: PMC6410182 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both adolescents and children suffer from osteosarcoma, localized in the metaphysis of the long bones. This is the most common primary high-grade bone tumor in this patient group. Early tumor detection is the key to ensuring effective treatment. Improved osteosarcoma outcomes in clinical trials have been contingent on biomarker discovery and an evolving understanding of molecules and their complex interactions. In this review, we present a short overview of biomarkers for osteosarcoma, and highlight advances in osteosarcoma-related biomarker research. Many studies show that several biomarkers undergo critical changes with osteosarcoma progression. Growing knowledge about osteosarcoma-related markers is expected to positively impact the development of therapeutics for osteosarcoma, and ultimately of clinical care. It has also become important to develop new biomarkers, which can identify vulnerable patients who should be treated with more intensive and aggressive therapy after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Zamborsky
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Milan Kokavec
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stefan Harsanyi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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19
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Gao Z, Zhao GS, Lv Y, Peng D, Tang X, Song H, Guo QN. Anoikis‑resistant human osteosarcoma cells display significant angiogenesis by activating the Src kinase‑mediated MAPK pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:235-245. [PMID: 30542722 PMCID: PMC6278590 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells must resist anoikis to metastasize. There is a key role of angiogenesis in the growth and metastasis of tumors. However, the relationship between anoikis resistance and angiogenesis has not been well explored in human osteosarcoma. In the present study, we reported the higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in osteosarcoma cells that were resistant to anoikis than in parental osteosarcoma cells, promoting the proliferation, tube formation, and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Src, JNK (Jun amino-terminal kinase) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathway phosphorylation was activated in anoikis-resistant cells; Src inhibitor reduced the expression of VEGF-A and angiogenesis and inhibited JNK and ERK pathway activity. Overexpression of phosphorylated (p)-Src and VEGF-A was positively correlated to the metastatic potential in human osteosarcoma tissues, as quantified by immunohistochemistry. In addition, p-Src expression was directly correlated with VEGF-A expression and microvessel density in vivo. Our findings revealed that anoikis resistance in osteosarcoma cells increased the expression of VEGF-A and angiogenesis through the Src/JNK/ERK signaling pathways. Thus, Src may be a potential therapeutic alternative in osteosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yangfan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Dongbin Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Hanxiang Song
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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20
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Lin M, Yao Z, Zhao N, Zhang C. TLK2 enhances aggressive phenotypes of glioblastoma cells through the activation of SRC signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:101-108. [PMID: 30207834 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1507257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma are among the most common forms of cancer affecting the central nervous system, and yet there is currently no effective means of treating them. In the current study, we reported that tousled-like kinase 2 (TLK2) is a key factor in glioblastoma that modulates SRC signaling, thereby driving tumor malignancy. TLK2 is commonly upregulated in glioblastoma, and such upregulation was associated with poor patient outcomes. TLK2 overexpression induced cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell cycle arrest, while TLK2 knockdown had the opposite effect. SRC pathway inhibition by Saracatinib resulted in reduced TLK2-mediated glioblastoma migration, invasion, confirming a key role for SRC signaling in regulating the functions of TLK2. Together, our findings demonstrate that glioblastoma TLK2 overexpression acts as a key driver of tumor malignancy via SRC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhui Lin
- a Department of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- b Department of Neurology , The people's Hospital of Liaoning Province , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Na Zhao
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , The people's Hospital of Liaoning Province , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Chaodong Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
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21
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van Erp AEM, Hillebrandt-Roeffen MHS, van Houdt L, Fleuren EDG, van der Graaf WTA, Versleijen-Jonkers YMH. Targeting Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with the Second-Generation ALK Inhibitor Ceritinib. Target Oncol 2018; 12:815-826. [PMID: 29067644 PMCID: PMC5700232 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). However, the exact role of ALK in RMS is debatable and remains to be elucidated. Objective To determine the in vitro and in vivo effects and mechanism of action of the second-generation ALK inhibitor ceritinib on RMS cell growth. Methods Effects of ceritinib on cell proliferation, wound healing, cell cycle, and RTK signaling were determined in alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS, ERMS). In addition, possible synergistic effects of combined treatment with ceritinib and the Abl/Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib were determined. Results Ceritinib treatment led to decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and decreased in vivo tumor growth for the ARMS subtype. ERMS cell lines were less affected and showed no cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Both subtypes lacked intrinsic ALK phosphorylation, and ceritinib was shown to affect the IGF1R signaling pathway. High levels of phosphorylated Src (Tyr416) were present following ceritinib treatment, making combined treatment with a Src inhibitor a potential treatment option. Combined treatment of ceritinib and dasatinib showed synergistic effects in both ERMS and ARMS cell lines. Conclusion This study shows that monotherapy with an ALK inhibitor, such as ceritinib, in RMS, has no effect on ALK signaling. However, the synergistic effects of ceritinib and dasatinib are promising, most probably due to targeting of IGF1R and Src.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11523-017-0528-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke E M van Erp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Laurens van Houdt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- Clinical Studies, Clinical and Translational Sarcoma/Gene Function, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Winette T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, UK
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22
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Klaeger S, Heinzlmeir S, Wilhelm M, Polzer H, Vick B, Koenig PA, Reinecke M, Ruprecht B, Petzoldt S, Meng C, Zecha J, Reiter K, Qiao H, Helm D, Koch H, Schoof M, Canevari G, Casale E, Depaolini SR, Feuchtinger A, Wu Z, Schmidt T, Rueckert L, Becker W, Huenges J, Garz AK, Gohlke BO, Zolg DP, Kayser G, Vooder T, Preissner R, Hahne H, Tõnisson N, Kramer K, Götze K, Bassermann F, Schlegl J, Ehrlich HC, Aiche S, Walch A, Greif PA, Schneider S, Felder ER, Ruland J, Médard G, Jeremias I, Spiekermann K, Kuster B. The target landscape of clinical kinase drugs. Science 2018; 358:358/6367/eaan4368. [PMID: 29191878 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors are important cancer therapeutics. Polypharmacology is commonly observed, requiring thorough target deconvolution to understand drug mechanism of action. Using chemical proteomics, we analyzed the target spectrum of 243 clinically evaluated kinase drugs. The data revealed previously unknown targets for established drugs, offered a perspective on the "druggable" kinome, highlighted (non)kinase off-targets, and suggested potential therapeutic applications. Integration of phosphoproteomic data refined drug-affected pathways, identified response markers, and strengthened rationale for combination treatments. We exemplify translational value by discovering SIK2 (salt-inducible kinase 2) inhibitors that modulate cytokine production in primary cells, by identifying drugs against the lung cancer survival marker MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase), and by repurposing cabozantinib to treat FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia. This resource, available via the ProteomicsDB database, should facilitate basic, clinical, and drug discovery research and aid clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Klaeger
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heinzlmeir
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Harald Polzer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Binje Vick
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maria Reinecke
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ruprecht
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Svenja Petzoldt
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Jana Zecha
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Reiter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Huichao Qiao
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Heiner Koch
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schoof
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | | | - Elena Casale
- Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Anne-Kathrin Garz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjoern-Oliver Gohlke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Structural Bioinformatics Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Paul Zolg
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tonu Vooder
- Center of Thoracic Surgery, Krefeld, Germany.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Robert Preissner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Structural Bioinformatics Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Hahne
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Neeme Tõnisson
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karl Kramer
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Katharina Götze
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp A Greif
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, TUM, Garching, Germany.,Center For Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Juergen Ruland
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center For Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), TUM, Freising, Germany
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23
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Synergistic anti-proliferative effects of mTOR and MEK inhibitors in high-grade chondrosarcoma cell line OUMS-27. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:142-150. [PMID: 29397960 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that produces cartilaginous neoplastic tissue. Owing to the absence of an effective adjuvant therapy, high-grade chondrosarcoma has a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to develop an effective adjuvant therapy to prevent the recurrence and metastasis. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a central regulator of cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, and survival, is considered an important target for anticancer drug development. The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is another highly implicated cellular pathway in cancer and is thought to have compensatory effects in response to the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We investigated the mechanism of anti-proliferative effect of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and MAPK/ERK (MEK) inhibitor PD 0325901, and the combined effect of rapamycin and PD 0325901 on human chondrosarcoma cell line (OUMS-27). Combination therapy with rapamycin and PD 0325901 showed a stronger anti-proliferative effect on OUMS-27 cells than rapamycin monotherapy. We confirmed that the dual inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways had synergistic anti-proliferative effects in OUMS-27. Our results suggest that combination therapy of mTOR and MEK inhibitor could be an effective therapeutic approach against chondrosarcoma.
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24
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Liang J, Zhao H, Hu J, Liu Y, Li Z. SPOCD1 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in human osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3218-3225. [PMID: 29257309 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumors that typically affects adolescents and children. The spen paralogue and orthologue C‑terminal domain containing 1 (SPOCD1) is a newly identified molecule that has been indicated to discriminate progressive from non‑progressive bladder cancers. However, the role of SPOCD1 in human solid tumors remains largely unknown. In the present study, SPOCD1 was upregulated in clinical osteosarcoma tissues compared with adjacent non‑cancerous tissues. Furthermore, SPOCD1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and expression was particularly increased in highly invasive cells MG63 and SAOS2. Further investigation revealed that downregulation of SPOCD1 inhibited the MG63 and SAOS2 osteosarcoma cell colony formation and proliferation capacity. In addition, cell apoptosis was promoted by knockdown of SPOCD1 in MG63 and SAOS2 cells. These effects were confirmed by measuring the Ki67 and PCNA expression. In addition, SPOCD1 positively regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‑A). Knockdown of VEGF‑A blunted SPOCD1 downregulation‑mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell apoptosis. These results suggested that SPOCD1 may act as a pro‑oncogenic factor in osteosarcoma. Inhibition of VEGF may aid in treating osteosarcoma in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqian Liang
- Department of Orthorpaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Orthorpaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Orthorpaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthorpaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthorpaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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25
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Xue Y, Deng C, Wei W, Liu F, Yang H, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Kuang S, Wu S, Rao F. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes cardiac fibroblast proliferation through the Src kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3425-3431. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‑Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chun‑Yu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fang‑Zhou Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Su‑Juan Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shu‑Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fang Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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26
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Laschi M, Bernardini G, Geminiani M, Manetti F, Mori M, Spreafico A, Campanacci D, Capanna R, Schenone S, Botta M, Santucci A. Differentially activated Src kinase in chemo-naïve human primary osteosarcoma cells and effects of a Src kinase inhibitor. Biofactors 2017; 43:801-811. [PMID: 28786551 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic treatment of osteosarcoma (OS), a rare malignant teenage cancer of the skeletal system, still represents a great challenge as patient survival after conventional protocol chemotherapy treatment has not improved in the last four decades leaving poor patient prognoses. Therefore, many efforts have been done to find increasingly reliable OS cell models and to identify "druggable" targets in OS, in order to identify novel effective therapeutic approaches and treatment strategies. In this contest, the more successful use of patient-derived cell cultures in respect to human commercial lines and findings of Src kinase deregulation in cancer, prompted us to study for the first time the activation state of Src and the potential activity of our Src inhibitor SI-83 in a number of chemo-naïve patient-derived primary OS cells. We here demonstrate that Src is hyperactivated in OS cells in respect to the nonmalignant counterpart and that SI-83 is able to strongly decrease cell viability, proliferation, Src416 phosphorylation, and cell migration. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):801-811, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Laschi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Michela Geminiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Adriano Spreafico
- Immunoematologia Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, strada delle Scotte14, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Domenico Campanacci
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale (DCMT), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Ortopedia Largo Palagi, Firenze, 1 50139, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Capanna
- Dipartimento di Ortopedia, Oncologica e Chirurgia Ricostruttiva, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, largo Brambilla 3, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
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27
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Meeusen B, Janssens V. Tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention and tumor stratification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:98-134. [PMID: 29031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, and in many cases a prerequisite to sustain tumor development and progression. Like protein kinases, protein phosphatases are key regulators of cell signaling. However, their contribution to aberrant signaling in cancer cells is overall less well appreciated, and therefore, their clinical potential remains largely unexploited. In this review, we provide an overview of tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer. Along their mechanisms of inactivation in defined cancer contexts, we give an overview of their functional roles in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to their tumor suppressive abilities. Finally, we discuss their emerging roles as predictive or prognostic markers, their potential as synthetic lethality targets, and the current feasibility of their reactivation with pharmacologic compounds as promising new cancer therapies. We conclude that their inclusion in clinical practice has obvious potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcome in various ways, and should now definitely be pushed forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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28
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Bleloch JS, Ballim RD, Kimani S, Parkes J, Panieri E, Willmer T, Prince S. Managing sarcoma: where have we come from and where are we going? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:637-659. [PMID: 28974986 PMCID: PMC5613860 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017728927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. Approximately 80% arise from soft tissue and 20% originate from bone. To date more than 100 sarcoma subtypes have been identified and they vary in molecular characteristics, pathology, clinical presentation and response to treatment. While sarcomas represent <1% of adult cancers, they account for approximately 21% of paediatric malignancies and thus pose some of the greatest risks of mortality and morbidity in children and young adults. Metastases occur in one-third of all patients and approximately 10-20% of sarcomas recur locally. Surgery in combination with preoperative and postoperative therapies is the primary treatment for localized sarcoma tumours and is the most promising curative possibility. Metastasized sarcomas, on the other hand, are treated primarily with single-agent or combination chemotherapy, but this rarely leads to a complete and robust response and often becomes a palliative form of treatment. The heterogeneity of sarcomas results in variable responses to current generalized treatment strategies. In light of this and the lack of curative strategies for metastatic and unresectable sarcomas, there is a need for novel subtype-specific treatment strategies. With the more recent understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of some of these tumours, the treatment of sarcoma subtypes with targeted therapies is a rapidly evolving field. This review discusses the current management of sarcomas as well as promising new therapies that are currently underway in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna S Bleloch
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Reyna D Ballim
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Serah Kimani
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeannette Parkes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eugenio Panieri
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Willmer
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
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29
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Urciuoli E, Coletta I, Rizzuto E, De Vito R, Petrini S, D'Oria V, Pezzullo M, Milano GM, Cozza R, Locatelli F, Peruzzi B. Src nuclear localization and its prognostic relevance in human osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1658-1670. [PMID: 28671269 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. The identification of proteins which exhibit different subcellular localization in low- versus high-risk osteosarcoma can be instrumental to obtain prognostic information and to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Beside the well-characterized membrane and cytoplasmic localization of Src protein, this study evaluated the prognostic relevance of its so-far unknown nuclear compartmentalization. We analyzed the subcellular distribution of total and activated (pY418) Src in a tissue microarray including 60 osteosarcoma samples. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a variable pattern of Src expression and localization, ranging from negative to high-stained nuclei combined with a substantial cytoplasmic staining for total and activated forms. The analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves in relationship to the diverse permutations of cytoplasmic and nuclear staining suggested a correlation between Src subcellular localization and the overall survival (OS) of osteosarcoma patients. In order to explain this different subcellular localization, normal osteoblasts and three osteosarcoma cell lines were used to investigate the molecular mechanism. Once confirmed a variable Src localization also in these cell lines, we demonstrated a correlation between the N-myristoyltransferase enzymes expression and activity and the Src nuclear content. In conclusion, these results described a so-far unknown Src nuclear localization in osteosarcoma cells, suggesting that the combined detection of nuclear and cytoplasmic Src levels can be used as a prognostic marker for osteosarcoma patient survival. A correlation between the N-myristoyltransferase enzymes and the Src subcellular localization was described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Urciuoli
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Coletta
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pezzullo
- Histology Core Facility, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Cozza
- Oncohematology-Clinical Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Oncohematology-Clinical Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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30
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Tsai C, Yang D, Lin C, Chen T, Tang C, Huang Y. Sphingosine-1-phosphate suppresses chondrosarcoma metastasis by upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 through suppressing miR-101 expression. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1380-1398. [PMID: 28672103 PMCID: PMC5623823 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignancy form of bone cancer, exhibiting resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy as well as developing high metastasis ability in late‐stage tumors. Thus, understanding the metastatic processes of chondrosarcoma is considered a strategy for the treatment of this disease. Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid, is produced intracellularly by sphingosine kinase (SphK) and is regarded as a second signaling molecule that regulates inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, the effect of S1P on chondrosarcoma remains uncertain. As demonstrated by the transwell, immunoblotting, and real‐time PCR analyses, we found that S1P inhibited cell migration and MMP‐2 expression through the upregulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3 (TIMP‐3) expression in human chondrosarcoma cells. Additionally, we also showed that microRNA (miRNA)‐101, which targets the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of TIMP‐3, decreased significantly following S1P treatment. After transfection with miR‐101 mimics, the S1P‐regulated cell migration and TIMP‐3 expression were both reversed. Furthermore, we also showed that the S1P‐inhibited cell migration is mediated through the c‐Src/MEK/ERK signaling axis. Meanwhile, the in vivo study indicated that overexpression of SphK1 decreases chondrosarcoma metastasis to the lungs. Our results illustrate the clinical significance between SphK1, TIMP‐3, and miR‐101 in human chondrosarcoma patients. Taken together, our results suggest that S1P and miR‐101 may prove to be potential therapeutic targets for future chondrosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Hao Tsai
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Dong‐Ying Yang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Ming Chen
- Department of PharmacologyChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of AquacultureNational Kaohsiung Marine UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsin Tang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yuan‐Li Huang
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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31
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Cui Z, Chen S, Wang Y, Gao C, Chen Y, Tan C, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of azaacridine derivatives as dual-target EGFR and Src kinase inhibitors for antitumor treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:372-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Prediction of clinical outcome and survival in soft-tissue sarcoma using a ten-lncRNA signature. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80336-80347. [PMID: 29113307 PMCID: PMC5655202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma has rarely been unraveled. The aim of the study was to find a lncRNA signature to predict the clinical outcome and survival in soft-tissue sarcoma based on the high-throughput RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The lncRNAs which closely correlated with overall survival in 258 soft-tissue sarcoma patients were identified with Cox proportional regression model. Ten lncRNAs, including RP11-560J1.2, AP001432.14, RP4-665J23.1, LINC00680, AC006129.2, RP11-230G5.2, BACH1-IT2, RP11-274B21.9, RP11-504A18.1 and RP11-713P17.3, were selected to calculate a risk score. The risk score could effectively predict patients’ outcome, such as the status of mitotic count of tumor cells, person neoplasm cancer and residual tumor. More inspiringly, the risk score generated from the 10-lncRNA signature was an independent prognostic indicator for soft-tissue sarcoma patients. Overall, this 10-lncRNA signature gains the potential as an effective prognostic tool for soft-tissue sarcoma as part of the integrated clinical RNA-seq program.
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33
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Voudouri K, Nikitovic D, Berdiaki A, Papachristou DJ, Tsiaoussis J, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN. Heparin regulates B6FS cell motility through a FAK/actin cytoskeleton axis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2471-2480. [PMID: 27572115 PMCID: PMC5055209 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare, heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin with an aggressive behavior. Heparin is a mixture of heavily sulfated, linear glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which participate in the regulation of various cell biological functions. Heparin is considered to have significant anticancer capabilities, although the mechanisms involved have not been fully defined. In the present study, the effects of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on B6FS fibrosarcoma cell motility were examined. Both preparations of heparin were shown to both enhance B6FS cell adhesion (p<0.01 and p<0.05), and migration (p<0.05), the maximal effect being evident at the concentration of 10 µg/ml. The utilization of FAK-deficient cells demonstrated that the participation of FAK was obligatory for heparin-dependent fibrosarcoma cell adhesion (p<0.05). The results of confocal microscopy indicated that heparin was taken up by the B6FS cells, and that UFH and LMWH induced F-actin polymerization. Heparitinase digestion demonstrated that the endogenous heparan sulfate (HS) chains did not affect the motility of the B6FS cells (p>0.05, not significant). In conclusion, both UFH and LMWH, through a FAK/actin cytoskeleton axis, promoted the adhesion and migration of B6FS fibrosarcoma cells. Thus, our findings indicate that the responsiveness of fibrosarcoma cells to the exogenous heparin/HS content of the cancer microenvironment may play a role in their ability to become mobile and metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirroi Voudouri
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dionysios J Papachristou
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 23001, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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34
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Adamopoulos C, Gargalionis AN, Piperi C, Papavassiliou AG. Recent Advances in Mechanobiology of Osteosarcoma. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:232-236. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
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RIG-I inhibits pancreatic β cell proliferation through competitive binding of activated Src. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28914. [PMID: 27349479 PMCID: PMC4923948 DOI: 10.1038/srep28914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a necessary condition for cell proliferation, including pancreatic β cells; however, over-nutrition, and the resulting obesity and glucolipotoxicity, is a risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and causes inhibition of pancreatic β-cells proliferation and their loss of compensation for insulin resistance. Here, we showed that Retinoic acid (RA)-inducible gene I (RIG-I) responds to nutrient signals and induces loss of β cell mass through G1 cell cycle arrest. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes (e.g., glucolipotoxicity, TNF-α and LPS) activate Src in pancreatic β cells. Elevated RIG-I modulated the interaction of activated Src and STAT3 by competitive binding to STAT3. Elevated RIG-I downregulated the transcription of SKP2, and increased the stability and abundance of P27 protein in a STAT3-dependent manner, which was associated with inhibition of β cell growth elicited by Src. These results supported a role for RIG-I in β cell mass loss under conditions of metabolic surplus and suggested that RIG-I-induced blocking of Src/STAT3 signalling might be involved in G1 phase cycle arrest through the Skp2/P27 pathway in pancreatic β cells.
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Adamopoulos C, Gargalionis AN, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Deciphering signaling networks in osteosarcoma pathobiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1296-305. [PMID: 27190271 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216648806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of primary bone tumors among children and adolescents. During the past years, little progress has been made regarding prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, especially for those with metastatic disease. Genomic instability and gene alterations are common, but current data do not reveal a consistent and repeatable pattern of osteosarcoma development, thus paralleling the tumor's high heterogeneity. Critical signal transduction pathways have been implicated in osteosarcoma pathobiology and are being evaluated as therapeutic targets, including receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK), Wnt, Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, and mechanotransduction pathways. Herein, we recapitulate and discuss recent advances in the context of molecular mechanisms and signaling networks that contribute to osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, towards patient-tailored and novel-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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37
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Singh G, Zhang J, Ma Y, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. The Different Conformational States of Tissue Transglutaminase Have Opposing Affects on Cell Viability. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9119-32. [PMID: 26893378 PMCID: PMC4861479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.699108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an acyltransferase/GTP-binding protein that contributes to the development of various diseases. In human cancer cells, tTG activates signaling pathways that promote cell growth and survival, whereas in other disorders (i.e. neurodegeneration), overexpression of tTG enhances cell death. Therefore, it is important to understand how tTG is differentially regulated and functioning to promote diametrically distinct cellular outcomes. Previous structural studies revealed that tTG adopts either a nucleotide-bound closed conformation or a transamidation-competent open conformation. Here we provide evidence showing that these different conformational states determine whether tTG promotes, or is detrimental to, cell survival, with the open conformation of the protein being responsible for inducing cell death. First, we demonstrate that a nucleotide binding-defective form of tTG, which has previously been shown to induce cell death, assumes an open conformation in solution as assessed by an enhanced sensitivity to trypsin digestion and by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. We next identify two pairs of intramolecular hydrogen bonds that, based on existing x-ray structures, are predicted to form between the most C-terminal β-barrel domain and the catalytic core domain of tTG. By disrupting these hydrogen bonds, we are able to generate forms of tTG that constitutively assume an open conformation and induce apoptosis. These findings provide important insights into how tTG participates in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly with regard to the actions of a C-terminal truncated form of tTG (TG-Short) that has been linked to such disorders and induces apoptosis by assuming an open-like conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yilun Ma
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Richard A Cerione
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Wang Z. Transactivation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor by G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Recent Progress, Challenges and Future Research. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010095. [PMID: 26771606 PMCID: PMC4730337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate large signaling networks, control multiple cell functions and are implicated in many diseases including various cancers. Both of them are also the top therapeutic targets for disease treatment. The discovery of the cross-talk between GPCRs and RTKs connects these two vast signaling networks and complicates the already complicated signaling networks that regulate cell signaling and function. In this review, we focus on the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a subfamily of RTKs, by GPCRs. Since the first report of EGFR transactivation by GPCR, significant progress has been made including the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the transactivation. Here, we first provide a basic picture for GPCR, EGFR and EGFR transactivation by GPCR. We then discuss the progress made in the last five years and finally provided our view of the future challenge and future researches needed to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- The Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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