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Taib N, Merhi M, Inchakalody V, Mestiri S, Hydrose S, Makni-Maalej K, Raza A, Sahir F, Azizi F, Nizamuddin PB, Fernandes Q, Yoosuf ZSKM, Almoghrabi S, Al-Zaidan L, Shablak A, Uddin S, Maccalli C, Al Homsi MU, Dermime S. Treatment with decitabine induces the expression of stemness markers, PD-L1 and NY-ESO-1 in colorectal cancer: potential for combined chemoimmunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:235. [PMID: 37004094 PMCID: PMC10067322 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of tumor immune escape and progression in colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely investigated in-vitro to help understand and identify agents that might play a crucial role in response to treatment and improve the overall survival of CRC patients. Several mechanisms of immune escape and tumor progression, including expression of stemness markers, inactivation of immunoregulatory genes by methylation, and epigenetic silencing, have been reported in CRC, indicating the potential of demethylating agents as anti-cancer drugs. Of these, a chemotherapeutic demethylating agent, Decitabine (DAC), has been reported to induce a dual effect on both DNA demethylation and histone changes leading to an increased expression of target biomarkers, thus making it an attractive anti-tumorigenic drug. METHODS We compared the effect of DAC in primary 1076 Col and metastatic 1872 Col cell lines isolated and generated from patients' tumor tissues. Both cell lines were treated with DAC, and the expression of the NY-ESO-1 cancer-testis antigen, the PD-L1 immunoinhibitory marker, and the CD44, Nanog, KLF-4, CD133, MSI-1 stemness markers were analyzed using different molecular and immunological assays. RESULTS DAC treatment significantly upregulated stemness markers in both primary 1076 Col and meta-static 1872 Col cell lines, although a lower effect occurred on the latter: CD44 (7.85 fold; ***p = 0.0001 vs. (4.19 fold; *p = 0.0120), Nanog (4.1 fold; ***p < 0.0001 vs.1.69 fold; ***p = 0.0008), KLF-4 (4.33 fold; ***p < 0.0001 vs.2.48 fold; ***p = 0.0005), CD133 (16.77 fold; ***p = 0.0003 vs.6.36 fold; *p = 0.0166), and MSI-1 (2.33 fold; ***p = 0.0003 vs.2.3 fold; ***p = 0.0004), respectively. Interestingly, in the metastatic 1872 Col cells treated with DAC, the expression of both PD-L1 and NY-ESO-1 was increased tenfold (*p = 0.0128) and fivefold (***p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the upregulation of both stemness and immune checkpoint markers by DAC treatment on CRC cells might represent a mechanism of immune evasion. In addition, induction of NY-ESO-1 may represent an immuno-therapeutic option in metastatic CRC patients. Finally, the combination of DAC and anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 antibodies treatment should represent a potential therapeutic intervention for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassiba Taib
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shereena Hydrose
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karama Makni-Maalej
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fairooz Sahir
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad Azizi
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parveen B Nizamuddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeenath Safira K M Yoosuf
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salam Almoghrabi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lobna Al-Zaidan
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Shablak
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Laboratory of Immune and Biological Therapy, Human Immunology Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar.
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2030, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Solute Carrier Family 29A1 Mediates In Vitro Resistance to Azacitidine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043553. [PMID: 36834962 PMCID: PMC9965596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Azacitidine (AZA) is commonly used hypomethylating agent for higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although some patients achieve remission, eventually most patients fail AZA therapy. Comprehensive analysis of intracellular uptake and retention (IUR) of carbon-labeled AZA (14C-AZA), gene expression, transporter pump activity with or without inhibitors, and cytotoxicity in naïve and resistant cell lines provided insight into the mechanism of AZA resistance. AML cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of AZA to create resistant clones. 14C-AZA IUR was significantly lower in MOLM-13- (1.65 ± 0.08 ng vs. 5.79 ± 0.18 ng; p < 0.0001) and SKM-1- (1.10 ± 0.08 vs. 5.08 ± 0.26 ng; p < 0.0001) resistant cells compared to respective parental cells. Importantly, 14C-AZA IUR progressively reduced with downregulation of SLC29A1 expression in MOLM-13- and SKM-1-resistant cells. Furthermore, nitrobenzyl mercaptopurine riboside, an SLC29A inhibitor, reduced 14C-AZA IUR in MOLM-13 (5.79 ± 0.18 vs. 2.07 ± 0.23, p < 0.0001) and SKM-1-naive cells (5.08 ± 2.59 vs. 1.39 ± 0.19, p = 0.0002) and reduced efficacy of AZA. As the expression of cellular efflux pumps such as ABCB1 and ABCG2 did not change in AZA-resistant cells, they are unlikely contribute to AZA resistance. Therefore, the current study provides a causal link between in vitro AZA resistance and downregulation of cellular influx transporter SLC29A1.
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Šimoničová K, Janotka Ľ, Kavcová H, Sulová Z, Breier A, Messingerova L. Different mechanisms of drug resistance to hypomethylating agents in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 61:100805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hosokawa M, Seiki R, Iwakawa S, Ogawara KI. Combination of azacytidine and curcumin is a potential alternative in decitabine-resistant colorectal cancer cells with attenuated deoxycytidine kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 578:157-162. [PMID: 34571370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Decitabine (DAC), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor is a novel anti-cancer drug regulating epigenetic mechanisms. Similar to conventional anti-cancer drugs, drug resistance to DAC also has been reported, resulting in tumor recurrence. Our previous study using colorectal cancer HCT116 cells found the decrease in deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) (activation enzyme of DAC) and the increase in cytidine deaminase (inactivation enzyme of DAC) in acquired DAC-resistant HCT116 (HCT116/DAC) cells. The aim of our study was to clarify the involvement of dCK and CDA in DAC resistance. In order to tackle DAC resistance, it was also examined whether other DNMT inhibitors such as azacytidine (AC) and polyphenols are effective in DAC-resistant cancer cells. When dCK siRNA was transfected into HCT116 cells, IC50 value of DAC increased by about 74-fold and reached that of HCT116/DAC cells with attenuated dCK. dCK siRNA to HCT116 cells also abolished DNA demethylation effects of DAC. In contrast, CDA siRNA to HCT116 cells did not influence the efficacy of DAC. In addition, CDA siRNA to HCT116/DAC cells with increased CDA did not restore the compromised effects of DAC. These results suggested that attenuated dCK but not increased CDA mainly contributed to DAC resistance. Regarding dCK in HCT116/DAC cells, a point mutation with amino acid substitution was observed while the product size and expression of mRNA coding region did not change, suggesting that dCK protein was decreased by post-transcriptional regulation. AC and polyphenols showed no cross-resistance in HCT116/DAC cells. AC but not polyphenols exerted DNA demethylation effect. Among polyphenols, curcumin (Cur) showed the most synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with AC while DNA demethylation effect of AC was partly maintained. Taken together, combination of AC and Cur would be a promising alternative to tackle DAC resistance mainly due to attenuated dCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hosokawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Risako Seiki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Seigo Iwakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
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Patki M, Saraswat A, Bhutkar S, Dukhande V, Patel K. In vitro assessment of a synergistic combination of gemcitabine and zebularine in pancreatic cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112660. [PMID: 34048785 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers with an extremely poor prognosis. Gemcitabine (Gem) is still the mainstay drug for the treatment of PDAC. However, rapid inactivation by cytidine deaminase (CDA) present in pancreatic cancer cells severely limits anticancer efficacy of Gem. In this study, we investigated the effect of a CDA inhibitor - Zebularine (Zeb) on anticancer activity of Gem in pancreatic cancer cell lines MiaPaCa-2, BxPC-3, and Panc-1. Zeb treatment synergistically increased Gem-induced cytotoxicity in all three pancreatic cancer cell lines. The strongest synergistic activity was found at 1:10 M ratio of Gem/Zeb (combination index 0.04-0.4). Additionally, Gem + Zeb treated cells showed marked decreased in the expressions of anti-apoptotic protein including Bcl-2 and survivin while significantly increased the cleaved caspase-3, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. Multicellular 3D spheroids of MiaPaCa-2 cells treated with combination showed significant reduction (25-60%) in spheroid size, weight compared to single drug and control group. Live/dead cell imaging showed that Gem + Zeb treated spheroids exhibited a highly distorted surface with significantly higher number of dead cells (red). The results of the present study confirm that this synergistic combination is worthy of future investigations as a potential approach for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Patki
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, USA
| | | | - Shraddha Bhutkar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, USA
| | - Vikas Dukhande
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, USA.
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Gemcitabine resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells can be reverted by Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase in the nucleus or cytosol. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:247. [PMID: 32973960 PMCID: PMC7509507 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents has consistently presented a challenge in terms of the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the present study, gemcitabine (dFdC)-resistant TNBC cells were established, and the effects of lentivirus-deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dNK) and a mutated form of dNK (lentivirus-dNKmut) on reversing the acquired drug resistance in dFdC-resistant TNBC cells were explored. Quantitative PCR and western blotting experiment results suggested that Drosophila melanogaster (Dm)-dNK was stably expressed in the lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231R cells in the nucleus or cytosol, and autoradiography experiments revealed similar levels of enzymatic activity in the cells expressing dNK or dNKmut. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that the IC50 values of dFdC were decreased 30~50-fold in the dFdC-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells following lentiviral transfection with dNK or dNKmut, and this effect was associated with a significantly increased rate of apoptosis compared with the cells transfected with the negative control lentivirus. In conclusion, Dm-dNK in the nucleus or cytosol may be a potential candidate for reversing acquired dFdC resistance in TNBC cells, which may form the basis of novel strategies for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant TNBC.
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Mahdi MR, Georges RB, Ali DM, Bedeer RF, Eltahry HM, Gabr AEHZ, Berger MR. Modulation of the Endothelin System in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: Influence of Epigenetic Mechanisms? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:180. [PMID: 32194414 PMCID: PMC7063057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of endothelin system genes is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. The modulation of these genes was explored in a model of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis and in a panel of CRC tumor cell lines that were exposed to the demethylating agent decitabine. The CC531 rat model mimicking CRC liver metastasis was used for tumor cell re-isolation and analysis of the endothelin system genes and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) by microarray. To mimic the effects caused by methylation changes, a panel of seven CRC cell lines was treated with the demethylating agent decitabine. Three genes of the endothelin system were potently modulated at messenger RNA (mRNA) level in rat CC531 cells during liver colonization. The concomitant decrease of two DNMTs suggested an influence from altered methylation. Changes in gene expression were also accomplished by exposure of CRC cells to the demethylating agent decitabine, when using daily low concentrations for 3 days, with minimal cytotoxic effects. Sensitive human SW480 cells showed an almost 100fold upregulation of endothelin-1 mRNA compared to untreated cells. This, however, was different in LS174T cells, which showed no significant increase in gene expression although the methylation levels were significantly decreased at a variety of corresponding loci. We suggest that the mechanism induced by methylation on gene expression in metastatic CRC cells can be compromised. The results question the overall success of treating metastatic CRC by methylation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Mahdi
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania B. Georges
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doaa M. Ali
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raouf F. Bedeer
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Huda M. Eltahry
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abd-El Hakiem Z. Gabr
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Martin R. Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Panda M, Biswal BK. Cell signaling and cancer: a mechanistic insight into drug resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5645-5659. [PMID: 31280421 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major setback for advanced therapeutics in multiple cancers. The increasing prevalence of this resistance is a growing concern and bitter headache for the researchers since a decade. Hence, it is essential to revalidate the existing strategies available for cancer treatment and to look after a novel therapeutic approach for target based killing of cancer cells at the genetic level. This review outlines the different mechanisms enabling resistance including drug efflux, drug target alternation, alternative splicing, the release of the extracellular vesicle, tumor heterogeneity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment, the secondary mutation in the receptor, epigenetic alternation, heterodimerization of receptors, amplification of target and amplification of components rather than the target. Furthermore, existing evidence and the role of various signaling pathways like EGFR, Ras, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Notch, TGF-β, Integrin-ECM signaling in drug resistance are explained. Lastly, the prevention of this resistance by a contemporary therapeutic strategy, i.e., a combination of specific signaling pathway inhibitors and the cocktail of a cancer drug is summarized showing the new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Sundargarh, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Sundargarh, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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HDAC2 Inhibitor Valproic Acid Increases Radiation Sensitivity of Drug-Resistant Melanoma Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7030051. [PMID: 30909413 PMCID: PMC6473314 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cancers. Melanoma cell lines B16F10C and A375C (parental) and B16F10R and A375R (drug-resistant sublines) were used to test radiation sensitization potential of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of Histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) and LDN193189 (BMP inhibitor). Inhibitors of other signaling pathways were tested for cross-resistance with the resistant cell lines. Cells were pretreated with low concentrations of VPA/ LDN193189 and exposed to 2 Gy radiation for radiation sensitization experiments. Assays-3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), live/dead, clonogenic, and melanin estimation were performed to test the effects of radiation sensitization. Interactions of VPA and HDAC2 were studied in silico. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed with all tested drugs. Radiation sensitization of melanoma cells with low dose of VPA induced synergistic cell death, decreased clonogenicity, and decreased melanin content. In silico docking showed two stable interactions between Arg39 of HDAC2 and VPA. In conclusion, pretreatment with low doses of VPA has a potential for sensitizing melanoma cells to low doses of radiation. The binding of VPA to HDAC2 reverses the drug resistance in melanoma and induces the cell death. Sensitization effects of VPA can be used for targeting drug-resistant cancers.
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Decitabine exerted synergistic effects with oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells with intrinsic resistance to decitabine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:249-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nucleosidic DNA demethylating epigenetic drugs – A comprehensive review from discovery to clinic. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:45-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lopez G, Braggio D, Zewdu A, Casadei L, Batte K, Bid HK, Koller D, Yu P, Iwenofu OH, Strohecker A, Choy E, Lev D, Pollock R. Mocetinostat combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of leiomyosarcoma: Preclinical correlates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188859. [PMID: 29186204 PMCID: PMC5706733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with a dismal prognosis following metastatic disease. Chemotherapeutic intervention has demonstrated to have modest clinical efficacy with no curative potential in LMS patients. Previously, we demonstrated pan-HDAC inhibition to have a superior effect in various complex karyotypic sarcomas. In this study, our goal is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of mocetinostat alone and in combination with gemcitabine in LMS. Human leiomyosarcoma (LMS) cell lines were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. Compounds tested included the class I HDAC inhibitor, mocetinostat, and nucleoside analog, gemcitabine. MTS and clonogenic assays were used to evaluate the effect of mocetinostat on LMS cell growth. Cleaved caspase 3/7 analysis was used to determine the effects of mocetinostat on apoptosis. Compusyn software was used to determine in vitro synergy studies for the combination of mocetinostat plus gemcitabine. A LMS xenograft model in SCID mice was used to test the impact of mocetinostat alone, gemcitabine alone and the combination of mocetinostat plus gemcitabine. Mocetinostat abrogated LMS cell growth and clonogenic potential, and enhanced apoptosis in LMS cell lines. The combination of mocetinostat plus gemcitabine exhibited a synergistic effect in LMS cells in vitro. Similarly, mocetinostat combined with gemcitabine resulted in superior anti-LMS effects in vivo. Mocetinostat reduced the expression of gemcitabine-resistance markers RRM1, RRM2, and increased the expression of gemcitabine-sensitivity marker, hENT1, in LMS cells. LMS are aggressive, metastatic tumors with poor prognosis where effective therapeutic interventions are wanting. Our studies demonstrate the potential utility of mocetinostat combined with gemcitabine for the treatment of LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Lopez
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Danielle Braggio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Abeba Zewdu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lucia Casadei
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kara Batte
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Hemant Kumar Bid
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - David Koller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Peter Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Obiajulu Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Anne Strohecker
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dina Lev
- Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael Pollock
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wen S, Du X, Gou Y, Jiang L. Treatment effects of oxaliplatin combined with gemcitabine on colorectal cancer and its influence on HMGB1 expression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3187-3190. [PMID: 27899980 PMCID: PMC5103918 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the supra-additive effect of oxaliplatin in combination with gemcitabine on terminal colorectal cancer and its influence on high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression. A total of 86 patients with terminal colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study. Patients received oxaliplatin in combination with gemcitabine. Immunohistochemistry was used to determined the subcellular localization of HMGB1 in cancer tissues as well as in para-carcinoma tissues, and RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression level, respectively. The total effective rate was analyzed based on WHO tumor chemotherapy reference where complete remission (CR) implies the complete disappearance of the tumor; partial remission (PR) implies that the tumor size was reduced at least by 50%; stable disease (SD) implies that the tumor size remained unchanged and progressive disease (PD) implies an increase in the size of the tumor by ≥25%. We identified 20 cases of CR, 37 cases of PR, 12 cases of SD and 17 cases of PD. The total effective rate (CR+PR) was 66.3%. HMGB1 expression rate in the cancer tissues in the effective group was significantly lower than that in the ineffective group. Positive expression of HMGB1 protein was mainly localized in the karyon. Survival time in the patients with positive HMGB1 expression was significantly shorter than that in the patients with negative HMGB1 expression. In the effective group, HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression levels were obviously lower than those in the ineffective group. We conclude that the reduced expression rate of HMGB1 in terminal colorectal cancer cases was probably related to the effects of oxaliplatin combined with gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Du
- Healthcare Training Center, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Gou
- Dongying Center for Food and Drug Control, Dongying, Shandong 257091, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Corps Hospital of The Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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