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Harasym J, Dziendzikowska K, Kopiasz Ł, Wilczak J, Sapierzyński R, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Consumption of Feed Supplemented with Oat Beta-Glucan as a Chemopreventive Agent against Colon Cancerogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1125. [PMID: 38674816 PMCID: PMC11054053 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 30% of all cancer cases worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. CRC develops over a long period of time, and in the early stages, pathological changes can be mitigated through nutritional interventions using bioactive plant compounds. Our study aims to determine the effect of highly purified oat beta-glucan on an animal CRC model. The study was performed on forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats with azoxymethane-induced early-stage CRC, which consumed feed containing 1% or 3% low molar mass oat beta-glucan (OBG) for 8 weeks. In the large intestine, morphological changes, CRC signaling pathway genes (RT-PCR), and proteins (Western blot, immunohistochemistry) expression were analyzed. Whole blood hematology and blood redox status were also performed. Results indicated that the histologically confirmed CRC condition led to a downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, along with alterations in oncogenic and tumor suppressor gene expression. However, OBG significantly modulated these effects, with the 3% OBG showing a more pronounced impact. Furthermore, CRC rats exhibited elevated levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood, along with decreased white blood cell and lymphocyte counts. Consumption of OBG at any dose normalized these parameters. The minimal effect of OBG in the physiological intestine and the high activity in the pathological condition suggest that OBG is both safe and effective in early-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Łukasz Kopiasz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (J.G.-O.)
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Wang Y, Jin HY, Fang MZ, Wang XF, Chen H, Huang SL, Kong DS, Li M, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang SM. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2064-2081. [PMID: 32536775 PMCID: PMC7267698 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyhydroxy phenolic compound extracted from tea and its antitumor effect has received widespread attention. We explored the inhibitory effect of EGCG on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) using a rat model, predicted the interaction between EGCG and CRC target genes using a database, and explained the EGCG associated target pathways and mechanisms in CRC.
AIM To understand the inhibitory mechanisms of EGCG on CRC cell proliferation and identify its pharmacological targets by network pharmacology analysis.
METHODS DMH (40 mg/kg, s.c., twice weekly for eight weeks) was used to induce CRC in rats. After model establishment, the rats were administered with EGCG (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for eight weeks) and killed 12 and 20 wk after the start of the experiment. Formation of aberrant crypt foci and tumor was studied by histological analysis. Using network pharmacology analysis, candidate and collective targets of EGCG and CRC were identified, and Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to predict the pathways altered by EGCG.
RESULTS At week 12, high-dose EGCG treatment significantly reduced the tumor formation rate, total number of tumors, cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, tumor volume, ascites formation, and aberrant crypt foci count. At week 20, all three doses of EGCG were effective. Seventy-eight collective targets of EGCG and CRC were identified, of which 28 genes were dysregulated in CRC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and GO analyses showed that the dysregulated genes were enriched in hsa05210 (CRC), hsa04115 (p53 signaling pathway), and hsa04151 (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway), GO:0043124 (negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling pathway), GO:0043409 (negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade), and GO:2001244 (positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway) respectively.
CONCLUSION EGCG inhibits the formation of DMH-induced CRC by regulating key pathways involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hei-Ying Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Liang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Song Kong
- Scientific Research Administration Department, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Origin Bioscience Inc, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shui-Ming Wang
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lee CW, Chen HJ, Chien YH, Hsia SM, Chen JH, Shih CK. Synbiotic Combination of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) and Lactobacillus acidophilus Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010103. [PMID: 31905929 PMCID: PMC7019357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Rats were divided into five groups and fed B (AIN-93G, blank), C (AIN-93G, control), D (10% djulis), DLA (10% djulis plus 5 × 106 cfu L. acidophilus/g), and DHA (10% djulis plus 5 × 107 cfu L. acidophilus/g) diets, respectively. All rats except for those in group B received three doses of DMH (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection and 3% DSS in drinking water. After 10 weeks of feeding, the colon was analyzed for precancerous lesions and biomarkers. DMH and DSS treatment induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), especially in the distal colon. D, DLA, and DHA significantly reduced the numbers of total ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the distal colon compared to C. Additionally, DLA and DHA further downregulated the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that synbiotic combination of djulis and L. acidophilus shows the best inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis via regulation of proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hua Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(2)-2736-1661 (ext. 6569)
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Kurishima K, Miyazaki K, Watanabe H, Shiozawa T, Ishikawa H, Satoh H, Hizawa N. Lung cancer patients with synchronous colon cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:137-140. [PMID: 29387406 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung and colon cancers are two of the most common malignancies, which, in some cases, may develop synchronously. In the present study, the treatment and outcome of patients with synchronous lung and colon cancers were reviewed. During a 76-month study period, from April 2009 up to July 2016, 17 (0.54%) of 3,102 patients with lung cancer were diagnosed with colon cancer within 1 month. Heavy smoking and obesity were not specific factors in these patients. A total of 9 patients succumbed to lung cancer during the study period. Survival in asymptomatic patients was longer compared with that in symptomatic patients (median survival, 80 vs. 23.2 months, respectively; P=0.007). Although the incidence of synchronous occurrence of these two cancers may be low, particularly in patients diagnosed incidentally, such patients should be treated accordingly. Future genetic and epidemiological studies are required to elucidate the potential connection between lung and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koich Kurishima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8558, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Miyazaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Ryugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-0854, Japan
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shiozawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroichi Ishikawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0015, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Vulcan A, Manjer J, Ohlsson B. High blood glucose levels are associated with higher risk of colon cancer in men: a cohort study. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:842. [PMID: 29233100 PMCID: PMC5727949 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of blood glucose are thought to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and hyperinsulinemia, an interstage in the development of CRC. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between incident CRC and blood glucose; plasma insulin; and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), respectively, and to determine whether these associations were dependent on sex and cancer site. Methods The Malmö Diet and Cancer cardiovascular cohort comprises 6103 individuals. During 81,781 person-years of follow-up, 145 cases of CRC were identified. The hazard ratio of measured blood glucose and plasma insulin and calculated HOMA2-IR were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression. Results An association was found between high levels of blood glucose and risk of CRC (HR: 1.72 for the highest compared with the lowest quartile; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.84; ptrend = 0.044), and colon cancer (HR: 1.70 for the highest compared with the lowest quartile; 95% CI: 0.87, 3.33; ptrend = 0.032). In men, an association was found between blood glucose and CRC (HR: 2.80 for the highest compared with the lowest quartile; 95% CI: 1.37, 5.70; ptrend = 0.001), and colon cancer (HR: 4.48 for the highest compared with the lowest quartile; 95% CI: 1.27, 15.84; ptrend = 0.007), but this was not found in women. No associations between plasma insulin, or HOMA2-IR, and CRC, were found. Conclusion High levels of blood glucose in men are associated with risk of colon cancer. The findings contribute to facilitating to identify those most in need of prevention and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vulcan
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Jan Waldenströms gata 14, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 47, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Jan Waldenströms gata 15, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Fujii T, Sakai E, Takahashi H, Yamada E, Ohkubo H, Higurashi T, Nakajima A. The distribution of human rectal aberrant crypt foci and criteria for defining the counting area. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4501-4504. [PMID: 28599450 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are considered as a useful surrogate biomarker for colorectal cancer, although their biological significance still remains controversial. We conducted this study to clarify whether differences in the ACF counting area might have led to the discrepancies in the ACF counts among previous reports. A endoscopist proficient in ACF counting performed high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy in 45 subjects and investigated the distribution of ACF in four bowel segments (middle Houston valve to the dentate line and distal rectum 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm). We also investigated whether the patient physique might affect the distance from the middle Houston valve to the dentate line. The prevalence of ACF was 84% and most of the ACF (170/210, 81%) were located in the bowel segment from the middle Houston valve to the dentate line. The number of ACF was significantly correlated with the bowel segment in which the counting was performed: Dentate line to the middle Houston valve and distal rectum within 0-15 cm (r=0.94, P<0.001). The patient physique did not affect the distance from the middle Houston valve to the dentate line. In conclusion, the definition of the ACF counting area may not affect the results of ACF counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohkubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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