1
|
Djatisoesanto W, Yatindra IBGTY, Rahaju AS. Ureteral small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and short review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 111:108708. [PMID: 37703696 PMCID: PMC10502330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) in the urinary tract represents less than 0.5 % of urinary tract cancers, and bladder or prostate are the most common sites. Early diagnosis and treatment of ureteral SCNECs are challenging due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiographic findings. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we described a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of a 56-yearold male with recurrent right flank pain that did not relieve with analgesics alone. The patient underwent several non-invasive to invasive procedures revealing nonspecific inflammation pathology of the ureter that later developed into protruded papillary mucosa resembling polypoid cystitis. Later, an abdominal multi-slice computed tomography examination suggested a malignant mass and was confirmed as SCNEC from the pathological analysis. After several successful chemotherapy cycles and surgical procedures, cancer reoccurred, and the patient's general condition deteriorated. He passed away a year after a radical cystoprostatectomy and nephroureterectomy on his right side. CLINICAL DISCUSSIONS The occurrence of primary SCNEC is a highly uncommon phenomenon. As SCNEC arises from pluripotent stem cells that have differentiated into neuroendocrine cells, some patients may exhibit paraneoplastic syndrome. The patient's prognosis of this tumor is poor, even for patients in the earliest phases, because SCNEC is characterized by highly aggressive local invasion and distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of accurate early diagnosis and treatment of recurrent flank pain and considering the possibility of a malignant tumor as the cause of obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahjoe Djatisoesanto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Ida Bagus Gde Tirta Yoga Yatindra
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Anny Setijo Rahaju
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qing D, Peng L, Cen F, Huang X, Wei Q, Lu H. Hyperprogression After Immunotherapy for Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Ureter: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696422. [PMID: 34485132 PMCID: PMC8416087 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) in the ureter is extremely rare and has been sporadically reported in case reports. Its incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes have not yet been thoroughly understood. Here we present a patient with advanced SCNEC in the ureter who was treated by multimodal strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature report about the clinical outcomes of the combination of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and radiotherapy in patient with primary ureteral SCNEC. Case Presentation A 71-year old male presented with right flank pain and gross hematuria. A laparoscopic right nephroureterectomy was performed. He was diagnosed with primary ureteral SCNEC, pT3N0M0. Following the surgery, 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide (CE) were administered, with disease-free survival (DFS) of 10.1 months. He was then offered 4 cycles of palliative first-line chemotherapy with nedaplatin and irinotecan. The disease was continuously progressed, with progression-free survival (PFS) of 3.7 months. The patient subsequently received second-line treatment with PD-L1 ICI combined with radiotherapy. Unfortunately, hyperprogressive disease was found at the end of treatment. MRI and CT scan showed bilateral pubic bones, right acetabulum, and liver metastases. Without further intervention, the patient died from extensive metastatic disease 2 months after diagnosis, with overall survival (OS) of 18.2 months. Conclusion Physicians must be aware of this rare and aggressive carcinoma at its initial presentation. Special attention should be paid to the potential likelihood of hyperprogression during the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Qing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Luxing Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Cen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xinjun Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Heming Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farooq M, Daniel S, Joel A, Thampi John N. Successful management of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ureter with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiation: case report and literature review. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e240613. [PMID: 34404642 PMCID: PMC8375734 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the urinary tract are rare, and the urinary bladder is the the most common primary site. Primary ureteric NET is rarer with under 80 cases reported in the literature thus far. Most of these tumours are of the high-grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma subtype, which has a worse prognosis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has a proven role in the management of NET of the bladder as it downstages the tumour, which may add to significant recurrence-free survival and overall survival. We report the successful management of a patient with locally advanced small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ureter, who had a pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin. He subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation and is recurrence-free at a follow-up of 1 year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Farooq
- Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Pathology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sherin Daniel
- Pathology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anjana Joel
- Medical oncology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nirmal Thampi John
- Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Ma C, Wu J, Zhao F, Zou Y, Zhang W, Jiang Y. Clinicopathologic features of the ureteral neuroendocrine tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152788. [PMID: 31859117 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors of the ureter are extremely rare. There are only a few case reports in the past decades. Their clinicopathologic features, therapy and prognosis are not that clear. METHODS 5 cases of ureteral neuroendocrine tumors were collected and reviewed of the literature. Histomorphology, immunophenotype and ultrastructural features were observed by HE, immunohistochemistry, special staining and electron microscopy. The clinical pathological data were retrospectively analyzed and followed up. RESULTS Among the 5 patients, 1 was female and 4 were male, aged 62-82 years. 2 cases manifested intermittent hematuria, 1 had lower abdominal pain with frequent urination and dysuria, 1 with hydronephrosis, and 1 had no manifestations. All the 5 patients were treated with nephroureterectomy, 3 of which were also treated with excision of bladder cuff, 1 also had lymphadenectomy. On presentation, 2 cases in T2N0M0 (stage II), 2 cases in T3N0M0 (stage III), and 1case in T3N2M0 (stage IV). 2 cases were small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 1 was large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and 2 were atypical carcinoid. The tumor cells were positive for neuroendocrine markers (CD56, CgA, Syn). 1 case of vimentin-positive small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma has a very good prognosis. Grimelius stain and electron microscopy observation showed numerous neuroendocrine granules in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Ureteral neuroendocrine tumors are extremely rare. Neuroendocrine markers (CD56, CgA, Syn) and epithelial markers (CKpan, CK7) are usually helpful. Grimelius special staining and electron microscopy observation can help to make a final diagnosis. Radical surgery together with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the survival of patients. Vimentin may play a role in predicting the prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengtai Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengrui Zhao
- Shandong Energy Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yuwei Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The 971 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Obi-Njoku O, Bell C, Menon PR, Shergill I. Incidental finding of a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ureter. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e229290. [PMID: 31371331 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ureter is an extremely rare site for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. We present a case of this disease in a patient who presented without urological symptoms. The multidisciplinary team proposed nephroureterectomy (if fit) or watchful waiting as management. After discussion with the patient a decision in favour of watchful waiting was made. We report her case including a review of the literature, and emphasise that although small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas can be very aggressive, they can remain asymptomatic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Obi-Njoku
- Urology, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, UK.,Urology, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chris Bell
- Urology, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuen HS, Rix GH, Sen S, Kusuma VRM. Atypical Carcinoid Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Ureter: A Case Report and Literature Review. Surg J (N Y) 2018; 4:e171-e175. [PMID: 30306137 PMCID: PMC6177337 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1673331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the ureter are rare, with less than 40 cases described in the literature. A majority of tumors described are poorly differentiated tumors with a poor prognosis. We present the case of a moderately differentiated atypical carcinoid NET of the ureter with a good postoperative outcome. A literature review was also performed to identify similar cases to compare their management and postoperative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huay Shan Yuen
- Department of Urology, Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Henner Rix
- Department of Urology, Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Soumadri Sen
- Department of Pathology, Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Systematic review and two new cases of primary upper urinary tract neuroendocrine carcinomas. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2018; 17:23-30. [PMID: 30326420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper urinary tract neuroendocrine carcinoma (UUT-NEC) is extremely rare and has a poor prognosis. Although a few cases of successful treatment have been reported, no treatment has shown established efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 70 UUT-NEC patients, including 68 with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) reported between 1985 and 2017 and 2 treated at our hospital. RESULTS Median patient age was 66 years, 58.6% were men, and 60% were of Asian descent. Most UUT-NECs were SCNEC (68; 95.7%), whereas LCNEC was very rare (2; 2.9%). More than half of the patients had accompanying other histological components, the most common being urothelial carcinoma (51.5%), whereas 41.4% had NEC alone. Of the 70 patients, 27 underwent additional therapy (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) along with surgery. Median survival was 15 months. In univariate analysis, stages T1-2 disease showed better prognosis than stages T3-4 (P < 0.001). Additional treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) significantly improved prognosis (P = 0.014). Moreover, platinum-based chemotherapy also was associated with improved prognosis (P = 0.017). For platinum-based chemotherapy, multicollinearity with additional treatments was strong, and, thus, these data were not included in the analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed pathological stage (T1-2 vs. T3-4; P = 0.003) and additional treatment (P = 0.028) to be independent predictors of improved prognosis. CONCLUSION Although UUT-NEC has a poor prognosis, additional treatment along with surgery and therapeutic intervention and stage T1-2 disease are independent factors to improve prognosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Farci F, Manassero F, Baldesi R, Bartolucci A, Boldrini L, Selli C, Faviana P. Primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter: Case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11113. [PMID: 29901633 PMCID: PMC6023684 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Primitive small cell carcinoma of the ureter is extremely rare, in this case report is meticulously described its aggressive clinical course and the pathological clues that help with the diagnosis. Also, a detailed table with the clinico-pathological features of analogous case reports in literature is provided. PATIENT CONCERNS A 79-year-old female presented with gross hematuria and flank pain. DIAGNOSES Small cell carcinoma of the ureter. The surgical specimen showed a mixed histology of small cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma; the common neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56) were positive, and vimentin and thyroid transcription factor 1 were negative. The patient had an advanced stage at presentation with regional nodes involvement (pT3N1). INTERVENTIONS Segmental ureterectomy was performed but it was only possible to administer 1 cycle of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy due to the rapid decline of her clinical parameters. OUTCOMES The disease rapidly spread locally and metastasized. LESSON The clinicians must be aware of this aggressive tumor with silent clinical course and advanced stages at presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Farci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa
| | - Francesca Manassero
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ramona Baldesi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bartolucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa
| | - Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa
| | - Cesare Selli
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhong W, Lin R, Zhang L, Jin C, Li X, He Q, Gong K, He Z, Zhou L. Clinicopathologic characteristics, therapy and outcomes of patients with primary ureteral small cell carcinoma: a case series and systematic review of the literature. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4105-4111. [PMID: 28860819 PMCID: PMC5566501 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s138769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this case series was to review the standard diagnosis and treatment procedures of primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) in our institution and discuss the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with primary ureteral SCC. Patients and methods Patients diagnosed with ureteral SCC in Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, from January 2007 to December 2016 were included. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review, in October 2016, on case reports and case series of ureteral SCC. The clinicopathologic characteristics, treatments and outcomes of this rare disease were analyzed. Results A total of 32 patients were included in our analysis (4 cases from our institution and 28 cases from the literature). Most patients (71.0%) were male with an average age of 66.6 years (range 48–80 years). The most common symptoms were hematuria (n=14, 48.3%) and flank pain (n=14, 48.3%). All patients underwent surgery, with 12 (37.5%) patients undergoing multimodality therapy. Regional or distant recurrences developed in 11 patients, among which only 1 patient had bladder recurrence. The overall median survival of the patients was 17 months, with 1- and 3-year survival rates of 51.9% and 30.3%, respectively. In a univariate analysis, female (P=0.009), pure SCC (P=0.03) and advanced T stage (P=0.04) were associated with worse overall survival. Conclusion Ureteral SCCs are extremely rare neoplasms with aggressive natural history and poor prognosis. T stage, tumor components and gender may be important factors influencing prognosis. A multimodality treatment is recommended for management. However, further studies are needed to improve the treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyue Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|