1
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Nestler T, Dalvi P, Haidl F, Wittersheim M, von Brandenstein M, Paffenholz P, Wagener-Ryczek S, Pfister D, Koitzsch U, Hellmich M, Buettner R, Odenthal M, Heidenreich A. Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of immune response pathways at the invasive tumour front of metastatic seminoma germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:937-947. [PMID: 35022523 PMCID: PMC8927344 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) have a high metastasis rate. However, the mechanisms related to their invasion, progression and metastasis are unclear. Therefore, we investigated gene expression changes that might be linked to metastasis in seminomatous testicular germ cell tumour (STGCT) patients. Methods Defined areas [invasive tumour front (TF) and tumour centre (TC)] of non-metastatic (with surveillance and recurrence-free follow-up >2 years) and metastatic STGCTs were collected separately using laser capture microdissection. The expression of 760 genes related to tumour progression and metastasis was analysed using nCounter technology and validated with quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Distinct gene expression patterns were observed in metastatic and non-metastatic seminomas with respect to both the TF and TC. Comprehensive pathway analysis showed enrichment of genes related to tumour functions such as inflammation, angiogenesis and metabolism at the TF compared to the TC. Remarkably, prominent inflammatory and cancer-related pathways, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) signalling, integrin signalling and nuclear factor-κB signalling, were significantly upregulated in the TF of metastatic vs non-metastatic tumours. Conclusions IL-6 signalling was the most significantly upregulated pathway in metastatic vs non-metastatic tumours and therefore could constitute a therapeutic target for future personalised therapy. In addition, this is the first study showing intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity in STGCT.
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2
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li S, Sun F, Wang G, Wei D, Yang T, Gu S. Androgen deprivation‑induced OPHN1 amplification promotes castration‑resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:3. [PMID: 34738630 PMCID: PMC8600397 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used to treat prostate cancer (PCa). However, ADT may increase the expression of androgen receptor (AR) through the amplification of chromosome X. The gene oligophrenin 1 (OPHN1) is located in the same region as the AR gene, which could be amplified by ADT. Thus, the role of OPHN1 in PCa pathology was investigated. The expression status of OPHN1 in PCa was searched in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Androgen-sensitive cells LNCaP and 22RV1 were cultured under ADT conditions, and then the expression of OPHN1 was evaluated by northern blotting. The expression of OPHN1 was enhanced or knocked down in LNCaP and 22RV1 cells by transfection. Subsequently, the LNCaP and 22RV1 cells were cultured under ADT, and the viability rate, apoptosis, and migration of cells were assessed by MTT, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay respectively. The expression of OPHN1 was also enhanced or knocked down in androgen-insensitive PC3 cells, and then the effects of OPHN1 on the viability, apoptosis, and migration of PC3 cells were assessed. A mouse xenograft model was created by injecting LNCaP cells with OPHN1 overexpression subcutaneously, and the tumor growth rates were monitored. In TCGA database, amplification of the OPHN1 gene was observed in the PCa tumors. ADT increased the expression of OPHN1 in LNCaP and 22RV1 cells (P<0.05). OPHN1 could promote resistance of LNCaP and 22RV1 cells to ADT by promoting cell survival and preventing their apoptosis (P<0.05). In addition, OPHN1 contributed to cell viability (P<0.05) and enhanced the migration ability in LNCaP, 22RV1 and PC3 cells (P<0.05). In the mouse model, the PCa xenograft with OPHN1 overexpression had a higher growth rate and was more resistant to the ADT condition (P<0.05). In summary, ADT induced the overexpression of OPHN1 in PCa, which facilitated PCa cell survival and promoted PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Shoubin Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Fuzhen Sun
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Shouyi Gu
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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3
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Keller L, Tardy C, Ligat L, Gilhodes J, Filleron T, Bery N, Rochaix P, Aquilina A, Bdioui S, Roux T, Trinquet E, Favre G, Olichon A. Nanobody-Based Quantification of GTP-Bound RHO Conformation Reveals RHOA and RHOC Activation Independent from Their Total Expression in Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6104-6111. [PMID: 33825439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, RHO GTPase expression and/or activity are deregulated in tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Nevertheless, the vast majority of experiments supporting this conclusion was conducted on cell lines but not on human tumor samples that were mostly studied at the expression level only. Up to now, the activity of RHO proteins remains poorly investigated in human tumors. In this article, we present the development of a robust nanobody-based ELISA assay, with a high selectivity that allows an accurate quantification of RHO protein GTP-bound state in the nanomolar range (1 nM; 20 μg/L), not only in cell lines after treatment but also in tumor samples. Of note, we present here a fine analysis of RHOA-like and RAC1 active state in tumor samples with the most comprehensive study of RHOA-GTP and RHOC-GTP levels performed on human breast tumor samples. We revealed increased GTP-bound RHOA and RHOC protein activities in tumors compared to normal tissue counterparts, and demonstrated that the RHO active state and RHO expression are two independent parameters among different breast cancer subtypes. Our results further highlight the regulation of RHO protein activation in tumor samples and the relevance of directly studying RHO GTPase activities involvement in molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Claudine Tardy
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Le Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, plateau de protéomique, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Service de Biostatistiques, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Nicolas Bery
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Philippe Rochaix
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31037, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Favre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Aurélien Olichon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31037, France.,INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion 97487, France
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4
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Gilad Y, Eliaz Y, Yu Y, Dean AM, Han SJ, Qin L, O’Malley BW, Lonard DM. A genome-scale CRISPR Cas9 dropout screen identifies synthetically lethal targets in SRC-3 inhibited cancer cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:399. [PMID: 33767353 PMCID: PMC7994904 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/NCoA3/AIB1), is a key regulator of gene transcription and it plays a central role in breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target. Beyond its function as an important regulator of estrogen receptor transcriptional activity, SRC-3 also functions as a coactivator for a wide range of other transcription factors, suggesting SRC-3 inhibition can be beneficial in hormone-independent cancers as well. The recent discovery of a potent SRC-3 small molecule inhibitor, SI-2, enabled the further development of additional related compounds. SI-12 is an improved version of SI-2 that like SI-2 has anti-proliferative activity in various cancer types, including BC. Here, we sought to identify gene targets, that when inhibited in the presence of SI-12, would lead to enhanced BC cell cytotoxicity. We performed a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen in MCF-7 BC cells under conditions of pharmacological pressure with SI-12. A parallel screen was performed with an ER inhibitor, fulvestrant, to shed light on both common and distinct activities between SRC-3 and ERα inhibition. Bearing in mind the key role of SRC-3 in tumorigenesis of other types of cancer, we extended our study by validating potential hits identified from the MCF-7 screen in other cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Gilad
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yossi Eliaz
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yang Yu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Adam M. Dean
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - San Jung Han
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Li Qin
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - David M. Lonard
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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5
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Raju SR, Balakrishnan S, Kollimada S, Chandrashekara KN, Jampani A. Anti-tumor effects of Artemisia nilagirica extract on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: deciphering the biochemical and biomechanical properties via TGF-β upregulation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05088. [PMID: 33072905 PMCID: PMC7548430 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Artemisia nilagirica (AN), which is known to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, and anti-asthmatic properties, has been recently shown to have anti-cancer activity. However, the mechanism responsible for the anti-cancer property and its effect on cellular properties and functions are not known. Material and methods We have characterized the biochemical and biomechanical properties of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with the methanolic extract from AN. Results We show that AN-treatment decreases cell-eccentricity, increases expression of actin and microtubules, and do not affect cell-area. Increased expression of cytoskeletal proteins is known to change the mechanical properties of the cells, which was confirmed using micropipette aspiration and Atomic Force Microscopy. We identified the upregulation of the tumorigenic pathway (TGF-β) leading to activation of Rho-A as the molecular mechanism responsible for actin upregulation. Since the initial stages of TGF-β upregulation are known to suppress tumor growth by activating apoptosis, we hypothesized that the mechanism of cell death due to AN-treatment is through TGF-β activation. We have validated this hypothesis by partially recuing cell death through inhibition of TGF-β using Alk-5. Conclusion In summary, our study reveals the mechanism of action of Artemisia nilagirica using a synergy between biochemical and biomechanical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Raju
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Somanna Kollimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - K N Chandrashekara
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Coimbatore, India
| | - Aruna Jampani
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru, India
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6
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Pranatharthi A, Thomas P, Udayashankar AH, Bhavani C, Suresh SB, Krishna S, Thatte J, Srikantia N, Ross CR, Srivastava S. RhoC regulates radioresistance via crosstalk of ROCK2 with the DNA repair machinery in cervical cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:392. [PMID: 31488179 PMCID: PMC6729006 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Radioresistance remains a challenge to the successful treatment of various tumors. Intrinsic factors like alterations in signaling pathways regulate response to radiation. RhoC, which has been shown to modulate several tumor phenotypes has been investigated in this report for its role in radioresistance. In vitro and clinical sample-based studies have been performed to understand its contribution to radiation response in cervical cancer and this is the first report to establish the role of RhoC and its effector ROCK2 in cervical cancer radiation response. Methods Biochemical, transcriptomic and immunological approaches including flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to understand the role of RhoC and ROCK2. RhoC variants, siRNA and chemical inhibitors were used to alter the function of RhoC and ROCK2. Transcriptomic profiling was performed to understand the gene expression pattern of the cells. Live sorting using an intracellular antigen has been developed to isolate the cells for transcriptomic studies. Results Enhanced expression of RhoC conferred radioprotection on the tumor cells while inhibition of RhoC resulted in sensitization of cells to radiation. The RhoC overexpressing cells had a better DNA repair machinery as observed using transcriptomic analysis. Similarly, overexpression of ROCK2, protected tumor cells against radiation while its inhibition increased radiosensitivity in vitro. Further investigations revealed that ROCK2 inhibition abolished the radioresistance phenotype, conferred by RhoC on SiHa cells, confirming that it is a downstream effector of RhoC in this context. Additionally, transcriptional analysis of the live sorted ROCK2 high and ROCK2 low expressing SiHa cells revealed an upregulation of the DNA repair pathway proteins. Consequently, inhibition of ROCK2 resulted in reduced expression of pH2Ax and MRN complex proteins, critical to repair of double strand breaks. Clinical sample-based studies also demonstrated that ROCK2 inhibition sensitizes tumor cells to irradiation. Conclusions Our data primarily indicates that RhoC and ROCK2 signaling is important for the radioresistance phenotype in cervical cancer tumor cells and is regulated via association of ROCK2 with the proteins of DNA repair pathway involving pH2Ax, MRE11 and RAD50 proteins, partly offering insights into the mechanism of radioresistance in tumor cells. These findings highlight RhoC-ROCK2 signaling involvement in DNA repair and urge the need for development of these molecules as targets to alleviate the non-responsiveness of cervical cancer tumor cells to irradiation treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1385-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Pranatharthi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India.,Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560041, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pavana Thomas
- School of Integrative Health Sciences, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), St. John's Research Institute (SJRI), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Avinash H Udayashankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Chandra Bhavani
- Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), St. John's Research Institute (SJRI), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Srinag Bangalore Suresh
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560041, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Jayashree Thatte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Nirmala Srikantia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Cecil R Ross
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560041, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India. .,School of Integrative Health Sciences, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India.
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7
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Orlova E, Yeh A, Shi M, Firek B, Ranganathan S, Whitcomb DC, Finegold DN, Ferrell RE, Barmada MM, Marazita ML, Hinds DA, Shaffer JR, Morowitz MJ. Genetic association and differential expression of PITX2 with acute appendicitis. Hum Genet 2019; 138:37-47. [PMID: 30392061 PMCID: PMC6514078 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Appendicitis affects 9% of Americans and is the most common diagnosis requiring hospitalization of both children and adults. We performed a genome-wide association study of self-reported appendectomy with 18,773 affected adults and 114,907 unaffected adults of European American ancestry. A significant association with appendectomy was observed at 4q25 near the gene PITX2 (rs2129979, p value = 8.82 × 10-14) and was replicated in an independent sample of Caucasians (59 affected, 607 unaffected; p value = 0.005). Meta-analysis of the associated variant across our two cohorts and cohorts from Iceland and the Netherlands (in which this association had previously been reported) showed strong cumulative evidence of association (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.09-1.14; p value = 1.81 × 10-23) and some evidence for effect heterogeneity (p value = 0.03). Eight other loci were identified at suggestive significance in the discovery GWAS. Associations were followed up by measuring gene expression across resected appendices with varying levels of inflammation (N = 75). We measured expression of 27 genes based on physical proximity to the GWAS signals, evidence of being targeted by eQTLs near the signals according to RegulomeDB (score = 1), or both. Four of the 27 genes (including PITX2) showed significant evidence (p values < 0.0033) of differential expression across categories of appendix inflammation. An additional ten genes showed nominal evidence (p value < 0.05) of differential expression, which, together with the significant genes, is more than expected by chance (p value = 6.6 × 10-12). PITX2 impacts morphological development of intestinal tissue, promotes an anti-oxidant response, and its expression correlates with levels of intestinal bacteria and colonic inflammation. Further studies of the role of PITX2 in appendicitis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Andrew Yeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brian Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - David N Finegold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Robert E Ferrell
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Michael J Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Faculty Pavilion 7th Floor, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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8
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Zeng D, Lin J, He H, Tan G, Lan Y, Jiang F, Sheng S. Therapeutic effect of targeted Fas-expressing adenoviruses method combining γδ T cells in a mouse model of human ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2555-2561. [PMID: 29434973 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of targeted use of Fas-expressing adenoviruses combined with γδ T cell-mediated killing to treat human ovarian cancer xenografts in BALB/c mice. Shuttle plasmids containing control elements of human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and two-step transcriptional amplification system were constructed and packaged into adenovirus-5 vectors to generate expression of an exogenous Fas gene. A mouse xenograft model of human ovarian carcinoma was constructed. A total of 35 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups, which were injected with PBS, γδ T cells, Fas-expressing adenoviruses, taxol, or Fas-expressing adenovirus and γδ T cells. The weight and volume of tumors in mice in each group was monitored. Tissue sections of the various tissues of mice in the Fas-expressing adenovirus and γδ T cells group was compared with those in the PBS group to evaluate the safety of Fas-expressing adenovirus and γδ T cells in the treatment of human ovarian cancer xenograft tumors. The results of the present study indicated that mice in all treatment groups were alive at the end of the treatment course. Tumor weight and volume was the highest in the PBS group, followed successively by the adenovirus group, the γδ T cell group, the adenovirus and γδ T cell group, and the taxol group. The weight and volume inhibition rate in adenovirus and γδ T cell group were significantly higher compared with in the PBS group (P<0.05). Pathological observation of tissue samples revealed that none of vital organs in the adenovirus and γδ T cell group developed any evident morphological changes during treatment, when compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, the combined therapy with Fas-expressing adenoviruses and γδ T cells is efficient and safe for the treatment of mouse human ovarian carcinoma xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Maternity and Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545002, P.R. China
| | - Jiajing Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Nanning 545000, P.R. China
| | - Hongying He
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Nanning 545000, P.R. China
| | - Guangping Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Nanning 545000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545002, P.R. China
| | - Fuyan Jiang
- Liuzhou Tumor Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Sheng
- Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545001, P.R. China
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9
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Chen G, Sun X, Dong C. RhoA regulates lipopolysaccharide‑induced lung cell injury via the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8501-8506. [PMID: 28990085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) has been reported to be involved in numerous biological processes; however, the effects of RhoA on acute lung injury (ALI) have yet to be reported. The present study aimed to explore how RhoA affects cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and cell apoptosis in a cell model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced ALI. An MTT assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to determine the effects of RhoA on cell viability, apoptosis and ROS activity. The results demonstrated that RhoA inactivation was able to promote cell viability, and decrease apoptosis and ROS activity of LPS‑treated cells. The results of western blotting indicated that RhoA activated the downstream Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of apoptotic factors. These findings suggested that RhoA may be involved in ALI progression and could be a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Chen
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field of Shandong, Dongying, Shandong 257000, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Sun
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field of Shandong, Dongying, Shandong 257000, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field of Shandong, Dongying, Shandong 257000, P.R. China
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10
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Peng F, Li H, Ning Z, Yang Z, Li H, Wang Y, Chen F, Wu Y. CD147 and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163678. [PMID: 27684938 PMCID: PMC5042541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common non-cutaneous malignancies in men. We aimed to systemically evaluate the relationship between the expression of CD147 in tissues and the clinicopathological features of prostate cancer. Methods and Findings PubMed (1966–2016), EMBASE (1980–2016), the Cochrane Library (1996–2016), Web of Science (1945–2016), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1982–2016), and the WanFang databases (1988–2016) were searched. Literature quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 13.0. A total of 12591 prostate cancer patients from 14 studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the positive expression rate in the following comparisons: prostatic cancer tissues vs. normal prostate tissues (odds ratio [OR] = 26.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.95–91.20, P < 0.00001), prostatic cancer tissues vs. benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (OR = 20.54, 95% CI 8.20–51.44, P < 0.00001), high Gleason score vs. low Gleason score (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.33–4.27, P = 0.03), TNM III to IV vs. TNM I to II (OR = 9.95, 95% CI 4.96–19.96, P < 0.00001), low or moderate differentiation vs. high differentiation (OR = 8.12, 95% CI 3.69–17.85, P < 0.00001), lymph node metastasis vs. non-lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.31, 95% CI 1.11–16.71, P = 0.03), and distant metastasis vs. non-distant metastasis (OR = 8.90, 95% CI 3.24–24.42, P < 0.00001). Conclusion The CD147 positive expression rate was closely related to the clinical characteristics of prostate cancer, but more research is needed to confirm the findings owing to the results of the subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Chang Sha, Hu Nan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Reproductive Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoze Ning
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Chang Sha, Hu Nan Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Urology of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Reproductive Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Chen
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Chang Sha, Hu Nan Province, China
| | - Yi Wu
- People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Chang Sha, Hu Nan Province, China
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Cancer Stem Cells and Radioresistance: Rho/ROCK Pathway Plea Attention. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5785786. [PMID: 27597870 PMCID: PMC5002480 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5785786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is the most potent mode of cancer therapy; however, resistance to radiation therapy results in tumor relapse and subsequent fatality. The cancer stem cell (CSC), which has better DNA repair capability, has been shown to contribute to tumor resistance and is an important target for treatment. Signaling molecules such as Notch, Wnt, and DNA repair pathways regulate molecular mechanisms in CSCs; however, none of them have been translated into therapeutic targets. The RhoGTPases and their effector ROCK-signaling pathway, though important for tumor progression, have not been well studied in the context of radioresistance. There are reports that implicate RhoA in radioresistance. ROCK2 has also been shown to interact with BRCA2 in the regulation of cell division. Incidentally, statins (drug for cardiovascular ailment) are functional inhibitors of RhoGTPases. Studies suggest that patients on statins have a better prognosis in cancers. Data from our lab suggest that ROCK signaling regulates radioresistance in cervical cancer cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that Rho/ROCK signaling may be important for radiation resistance. In this review, we enumerate the role of Rho/ROCK signaling in stemness and radioresistance and highlight the need to explore these molecules for a better understanding of radioresistance and development of therapeutics.
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