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Li N, Li JW, Qian Y, Liu YJ, Qi XZ, Chen YL, Gao Y, Chang C. Axillary lymph node metastasis in pure mucinous carcinoma of breast: clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic features. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38745134 PMCID: PMC11094983 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research is to study the sonographic and clinicopathologic characteristics that associate with axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) for pure mucinous carcinoma of breast (PMBC). METHODS A total of 176 patients diagnosed as PMBC after surgery were included. According to the status of axillary lymph nodes, all patients were classified into ALNM group (n = 15) and non-ALNM group (n = 161). The clinical factors (patient age, tumor size, location), molecular biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67) and sonographic features (shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, posterior acoustic pattern and vascularity) between two groups were analyzed to unclose the clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic characteristics in PMBC with ALNM. RESULTS The incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis was 8.5% in this study. Tumors located in the outer side of the breast (upper outer quadrant and lower outer quadrant) were more likely to have lymphatic metastasis, and the difference between the two group was significantly (86.7% vs. 60.3%, P = 0.043). ALNM not associated with age (P = 0.437). Although tumor size not associated with ALNM(P = 0.418), the tumor size in ALNM group (32.3 ± 32.7 mm) was bigger than non-ALNM group (25.2 ± 12.8 mm). All the tumors expressed progesterone receptor (PR) positively, and 90% of all expressed estrogen receptor (ER) positively, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were positive in two cases of non-ALNM group. Ki-67 high expression was observed in 36 tumors in our study (20.5%), and it was higher in ALNM group than non-ALNM group (33.3% vs. 19.3%), but the difference wasn't significantly (P = 0.338). CONCLUSIONS Tumor location is a significant factor for ALNM in PMBC. Outer side location is more easily for ALNM. With the bigger size and/or Ki-67 higher expression status, the lymphatic metastasis seems more likely to present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Zhu Qi
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cai Chang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Bhattacharyya T, Mishra T, Das D, Adhikari SS, Banerjee R. Bis-arylidene oxindoles for colorectal cancer nanotherapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107294. [PMID: 38507997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oxindoles are potent anti-cancer agents and are also used against microbial and fungal infections and for treating neurodegenerative diseases. These oxindoles are earlier established as estrogen receptor (ER)-targeted agents for killing ER (+) cancer cells. Our previously developed bis-arylidene oxindole, Oxifen (OXF) exhibits effective targeting towards ER (+) cancer cells which has a structural resemblance with tamoxifen. Herein, we have designed and synthesized few structural analogues of OXF such as BPYOX, ACPOX and ACPOXF to examine its cytotoxicity in different cancer as well as non-cancer cell lines and its potential to form self- aggregates in aqueous solution. Among these series of molecules, ACPOXF showed maximum toxicity in colorectal cancer cell line which are ER (-) but it also kills non-cancer cell line HEK-293, thereby reducing its cancer cell selectivity. Incidentally, ACPOXF exhibits self-aggregation, without the help of a co-lipid with nanometric size in aqueous solution. ACPOXF self-aggregate was co-formulated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) synthetic ligand, dexamethasone (Dex) (called, ACPOXF-Dex aggregate) which could selectively kill ER (-) colorectal cancer cells and also could increase survivability of colon-tumour bearing mice. ACPOXF-Dex induced ROS up-regulation followed by apoptosis through expression of caspase-3. Further, we observed upregulation of antiproliferative factor, p53 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) reversal marker E-cadherin in tumour mass. In conclusion, a typical structural modification in ER-targeting Oxifen moiety resulted in its self-aggregation that enabled it to carry a GR-ligand, thus broadening its selective antitumor property especially as colon cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Bhattacharyya
- Division of Oils, Lipid Science & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Tanushree Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700073, India.
| | - Debojyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700073, India.
| | | | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Division of Oils, Lipid Science & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Sun XB, Liu WW, Wang B, Yang ZP, Tang HZ, Lu S, Wang YY, Qu JX, Rao BQ. Correlations between serum lipid and Ki-67 levels in different breast cancer molecular subcategories. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:53. [PMID: 36644143 PMCID: PMC9827470 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among all cancer types worldwide, seriously threatening women's health. The present retrospective study explored differences in serum lipid contents in different breast cancer (BC) subcategories and their correlation with Ki-67 expression levels in patients with invasive BC with the aim of identifying novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators for personalized BC treatment. The study included 170 patients diagnosed with BC who were diagnosed with invasive BC by postoperative pathological examination. Data on patient age, body mass index and menopausal status were collected, in addition to estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and antigen Ki-67 expression levels and pathological tumor type. Preoperative circulating lipid levels, specifically the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and apolipoproteins A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) were also obtained. Molecular subcategories of BC were grouped based on their immunohistochemistry. Differences in serum lipid levels between the groups were assessed, and correlations between serum lipid and Ki-67 expression levels were explored. While TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and ApoA1 levels differed significantly among molecular subcategories. TG and ApoB levels did not. Circulating TC and LDL-C levels were considerably higher in patients with triple-negative BC (TNBC) and HER2-positive [hormone receptor (HR)-negative] BC than in those with luminal A and B (HER2-negative) BC. Serum HDL-C levels were significantly diminished in the TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) groups compared with the luminal A and B (HER2-negative) groups. ApoA1 levels were significantly reduced in cases of TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) BC compared with luminal A and B BC. Ki-67 expression levels were positively correlated with circulating TC and LDL-C levels and inversely correlated with circulating HDL-C and ApoA1 levels but exhibited no correlation with serum ApoB and TG levels. The results indicate that elevated TC and LDL-C levels and diminished HDL-C and ApoA1 levels were high-risk factors in patients with TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) BC, but not patients with luminal subcategories of BC. Abnormal serum lipid levels were correlated with Ki-67 expression levels, with elevated circulating TC and LDL-C levels and reduced circulating HDL-C and ApoA1 levels indicating a poor prognosis in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Bo Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, He'ze, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Peng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Zhen Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xiu Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Ben-Qiang Rao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Ben-Qiang Rao, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, 115 Yangfangdian, Haidian, Beijing 100038, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Utility of Serum Ki-67 as a Marker for Malignancy in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101263. [PMID: 35625109 PMCID: PMC9138135 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although serum tumour markers offer an uncomplicated, non-invasive examination method and possible therapeutic options, they are still rarely used in veterinary medicine. Our marker of interest, the Ki-67 protein, can only be detected in the active phases of the cell cycle. Therefore, it is a suitable marker for assessing the proliferating cell fraction of an organism and can thus provide information about potentially present, rapid-growing tumour tissue. The purpose of our study was to determine whether Ki-67 could be considered as a possible tumour marker in canine serum for veterinary medicine. We measured serum concentrations of Ki-67 in dogs with various malignant tumours, such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas. In the dogs with malignant tumours we determined significantly higher serum Ki-67 concentrations compared with healthy dogs and dogs with non-malignant diseases. No significant difference in serum Ki-67 concentration was observed between the different types of cancer or between benign and malignant mammary tumours. Our investigations also included some inflammatory parameters measured in blood, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, with mixed results. The results of our study suggest that Ki-67 may be useful as a potential serum tumour marker, providing information about the presence of malignant diseases in a dog. Abstract Tumour markers are scarcely used in veterinary medicine, although they are non-invasive, contribute to a faster diagnosis and new therapeutic options. The nuclear protein Ki-67 is absent in G0-phase but is detectable throughout all active phases of the cell cycle. Consequently, it is used as a marker for the proliferating cell fraction of a cell population and thus could indicate neoplastic tissue present. Our study is designed to show whether Ki-67 can be considered as a potential canine serum tumour marker for veterinary medicine. We measured serum concentrations of Ki-67 in dogs with various malignant tumours (carcinomas (n = 35); sarcomas (n = 26); lymphomas (n = 21)) using a commercially available quantitative sandwich ELISA from mybiosource. Dogs with malignant tumours showed significantly higher serum Ki-67 concentrations compared to healthy dogs (n = 19) and non-neoplastic diseased dogs (n = 26). No significant difference in serum Ki-67 concentration was detected between carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma, nor between mammary adenocarcinoma and adenoma. In our investigations we also included some inflammatory parameters measured in blood, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and gained mixed results. The results of our study suggest that Ki-67 may be useful as a potential serum tumour marker, providing information about the presence of malignancies in a dog.
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Cheng X, Liu W, Li Y, Wang Y. Construction and Verification of Immunohistochemistry Parameters-Based Classifier to Predict Local-Recurrence of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma After Kidney-Sparing Surgery. Front Oncol 2022; 12:872432. [PMID: 35600373 PMCID: PMC9114713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) for upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) has been gradually performed in selected patients beyond the recommendation of guidelines. However, there is still a lack of tools to evaluate postoperative local recurrence. Herein, a new nomogram was established to predict the local recurrence risk after KSS. Methods Patients were randomly divided into two cohorts (training: testing cohorts = 7:3). Cancer samples after KSS were used for immunohistochemical tests to detect molecules missing in previous pathology reports. Then, the total number of molecules were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to construct an IHCscore, which was further tested in the validation cohort. Finally, the IHCscore and other clinicopathologic parameters were combined to develop a more accurate model using univariate and multivariate Cox regression methods. Results In total, 200 patients were included. The Kaplan-Meier test showed that high Ki-67 and loss of Uroplakin III and E-cadherin were correlated with poor recurrence-free survival. The individual IHCscore was calculated based on the expression levels of Ki-67, Her2 and E-cadherin. Based on the IHC score, patients were further classified as low- or high-risk, and a significant difference in the recurrence-free survival was observed between the two groups. Then, the nomogram was developed based on Gender, surgical margin and IHCscore; this nomogram had a higher AUC (0.847) in predicting 3-year recurrence-free survival than the IHCscore alone (0.788). Conclusions This easy-to-use nomogram shows better prediction accuracy in recurrence-free survival after KSS and may guide individualized intravesical chemotherapy. However, a larger sample is required for external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Panggabean JA, Adiguna SP, Murniasih T, Rahmawati SI, Bayu A, Putra MY. Structure–Activity Relationship of Cytotoxic Natural Products from Indonesian Marine Sponges. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2022; 32:12-38. [PMID: 35034994 PMCID: PMC8740879 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indonesian marine natural products have been one of the most promising sources in the race to obtain potential drugs for cancer treatment. One of the primary producers of cytotoxic compounds is sponges. However, there are still limited sources of comprehensive reviews related to the relationship between the structure of isolated compounds and their cytotoxic activity. This review remarks the attempt to provide a preliminary guidance from the perspective of structure–activity relationship and its participation on marine natural products research. This guidance is segregated by the compound’s classes and their cytotoxic targets to obtain and organized a reliable summary of inter-study of the isolated compounds and their cytotoxicity. Structure–activity relationship is well-known for its ability to tune the bioactivity of a specific compound, especially on synthetic organic chemistry and in silico study but rarely used on natural product chemistry. The present review is intended to narrow down the endless possibilities of cytotoxicity by giving a predictable structure–activity relationship for active compounds. In addition, bioactive framework leads were selected by uncovering a noticeable structure–activity relationship with the intervention of cytotoxic agents from natural sources, especially Indonesian marine sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Panggabean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sya’ban P. Adiguna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Murniasih
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Siti I. Rahmawati
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Masteria Y. Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat 16911 Bogor, Indonesia
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Han B, Gu Z, Liu Z, Ling H. Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 365 Cases in China. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:647-658. [PMID: 35210861 PMCID: PMC8858761 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s346319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangyuan Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhebin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhebin Liu; Hong Ling, Email ;
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Soni P, Ghufran MS, Olakkaran S, Puttaswamygowda GH, Duddukuri GR, Kanade SR. Epigenetic alterations induced by aflatoxin B 1: An in vitro and in vivo approach with emphasis on enhancer of zeste homologue-2/p21 axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143175. [PMID: 33131875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potent environmental toxicant aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is a group I carcinogen reported to induce the expression of many cancer associated proteins. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications play vital role in AFB1-mediated carcinogenesis. These epigenetic modifications may result in the recruitment of specific proteins and transcription factors to the promoter region and regulate gene expression. Here we show that AFB1, at lower concentrations (100 and 1000 nM) induced proliferation in L-132 and HaCaT cells with activation of the Akt pathway, which ultimately steered abnormal proliferation and transmission of survival signals. We demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of p21 with a remarkable increase in the expression of cyclin D1 that correlated with increased methylation of CpG dinucleotides in p21 proximal promoter, while cyclin D1 promoter remained unmethylated. The chromatin immunoprecipitation results revealed the enrichment of DNMT3a and H3K27me3 repressive marks on the p21 proximal promoter where EZH2 mediated H3K27me3 mark enhanced the binding of DNMT3a at the promoter and further contributed to the transcriptional inactivation. The overall study provided the novel information on the impact of AFB1 on p21 inactivation via EZH2 and promoter methylation which is known to be a vital process in proliferation. Furthermore, AFB1 induced the expression of EZH2 analogue protein E(z), cyclin D1 analogue cyclin D and decreased the expression of p21 analogue Dacapo in Drosophila melanogaster. Interestingly, the aggressiveness in their expression upon re-exposure in successive generations suggested first hand perspectives on multigenerational epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Soni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Md Sajid Ghufran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Shilpa Olakkaran
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | | | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Metastasis: A Bane of Breast Cancer Therapy. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/20-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of metastasis in patients with breast cancer is still poorly understood. Approximately 6% of patients with breast cancer present with metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Metastatic breast cancer is difficult to treat and patients with breast cancer with distant metastasis have a significantly lower 5-year survival rate compared to patients with localised breast cancer (27% and 99%, respectively). During breast cancer progression, tumour cells first metastasise to nearby draining lymph nodes and then to distant organs, primarily bone, lungs, liver, and brain. In this brief review, the authors discuss breast cancer metastasis, the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and the contributions of the immune system to the metastatic process. The authors also briefly discuss whether there is any relationship between tumour size and metastatic potential, and recent advances in treatment for metastatic breast cancer. The studies highlighted suggest that immunotherapy may play a more significant role in future patient care for metastatic breast cancer.
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Feng M, Deng Y, Yang L, Jing Q, Zhang Z, Xu L, Wei X, Zhou Y, Wu D, Xiang F, Wang Y, Bao J, Bu H. Automated quantitative analysis of Ki-67 staining and HE images recognition and registration based on whole tissue sections in breast carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:65. [PMID: 32471471 PMCID: PMC7257511 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The scoring of Ki-67 is highly relevant for the diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment in breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Traditional scoring method of Ki-67 staining followed by manual counting, is time-consumption and inter−/intra observer variability, which may limit its clinical value. Although more and more algorithms and individual platforms have been developed for the assessment of Ki-67 stained images to improve its accuracy level, most of them lack of accurate registration of immunohistochemical (IHC) images and their matched hematoxylin-eosin (HE) images, or did not accurately labelled each positive and negative cell with Ki-67 staining based on whole tissue sections (WTS). In view of this, we introduce an accurate image registration method and an automatic identification and counting software of Ki-67 based on WTS by deep learning. Methods We marked 1017 breast IDC whole slide imaging (WSI), established a research workflow based on the (i) identification of IDC area, (ii) registration of HE and IHC slides from the same anatomical region, and (iii) counting of positive Ki-67 staining. Results The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity levels of identifying breast IDC regions were 89.44, 85.05, and 95.23%, respectively, and the contiguous HE and Ki-67 stained slides perfectly registered. We counted and labelled each cell of 10 Ki-67 slides as standard for testing on WTS, the accuracy by automatic calculation of Ki-67 positive rate in attained IDC was 90.2%. In the human-machine competition of Ki-67 scoring, the average time of 1 slide was 2.3 min with 1 GPU by using this software, and the accuracy was 99.4%, which was over 90% of the results provided by participating doctors. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the enormous potential of automated quantitative analysis of Ki-67 staining and HE images recognition and registration based on WTS, and the automated scoring of Ki67 can thus successfully address issues of consistency, reproducibility and accuracy. We will provide those labelled images as an open-free platform for researchers to assess the performance of computer algorithms for automated Ki-67 scoring on IHC stained slides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University & key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiuyang Jing
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University & key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University & key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Pathology, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Diwei Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Chengdu Knowledge Vision Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Yizhe Wang
- Chengdu Knowledge Vision Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Bao
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zheng ZH, Liu L, Zou SF, Xu YT, Chen CC, Liang WL, Guo BL, Wang Y, Zhu KY, Liu JN, Xu DD, Wang JY, Lin JY, Liu L, Zhang JG, Chen X. Experimental study on the clinical effects of Xiaoru Sanjie Jiaonang on mammary glands hyperplasia and ki-67. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:837-846. [PMID: 29636873 PMCID: PMC5883124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to observe the effect and mechanism of Xiaoru Sanjie Jiaonang (XRSJ) on the treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia, and provide a theoretical basis and clinical evidence for clinical expansion. METHODS Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: high-, middle- and low-dose groups; Xiaoyao Pill group; model control group; normal control group. The observation points were as follows: before XRSJ administration, three months after XRSJ administration, and three months after XRSJ discontinuance. Changes in breast height, morphological changes of the mammary gland under a light and electron microscope, and the expression of ki-67 were observed. At the same time, patients diagnosed with mammary gland hyperplasia at an Outpatient Clinic were selected and divided into treatment groups. These patients received XRSJ and Xiaoyao Pills, respectively, for one month, while patients in the control group did not receive any drug treatment. Clinical efficacy was observed while rechecking at the Outpatient Clinic after three months. Treatment with a therapeutic dose of XRSJ could significantly reduce breast height, decrease the number of lobules and acini in hyperplastic mammary glands and the layer number of ductal glandular epithelial cells, substantially lower the content of serum estradiol (E2), significantly downregulate the expression of ki-67 protein in mammary tissues, and inhibit mammary gland hyperplasia. CONCLUSION XRSJ treatment can relieve mammary tissue hyperplastic lesions, reduce E2 levels and downregulate the expression of ki-67. It has a significant therapeutic effect on mammary gland hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi-Fang Zou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Ting Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cui-Cui Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Long Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bao-Liang Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie-Na Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ji-Yan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia-Yan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Guo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
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A comparative study of Ki-67 antigen expression between luminal A and triple-negative subtypes of breast cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:156. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kumari S, Badana AK, Mohan GM, Shailender Naik G, Malla R. Synergistic effects of coralyne and paclitaxel on cell migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:436-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Kouzegaran S, Shahraki K, Makateb A, Shahri F, Hatami N, Behnod V, Tanha AS. Prognostic Investigations of Expression Level of Two Genes FasL and Ki-67 as Independent Prognostic Markers of Human Retinoblastoma. Oncol Res 2016; 25:471-478. [PMID: 27625332 PMCID: PMC7841034 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14721217330657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, expression of FasL and Ki-67 messenger RNA (FasL and Ki-67 mRNA) in human retinoblastoma (HRB) was examined by the immunohistochemistry method and quantitative real-time PCR. Positive expression of Ki-67 in tumor cells was detected in 16 of 30 patients (53.33%), and only 9 (30%) of the tissues from patients with retinoblastoma showed positive staining for FasL. Our results revealed that FasL expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue with invasion compared with the noninvasion form (p = 0.033). Ki-67 expression was markedly increased in tumor tissues with invasion compared with the noninvasion group (p = 0.04), but no significant correlation was found between FasL expression and differentiation (p > 0.05). In addition, Ki-67 expression was strongly linked to differentiation (p < 0.002). Expression of these FasL was correlated with shorter overall survival of patients, but its expression was not significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.15). The impact of Ki-67 expression on survival in patients was also evaluated. Ki-67 expression level was not found to be significantly associated with shorter survival (Kaplan–Meier; p = 0.09). Univariate analysis revealed that massive choroidal invasion was correlated with poor prognosis. Taken together, the data suggest that massive choroidal invasion is also an important indicator of poor prognosis for HRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Kouzegaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kourosh Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Makateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Shahri
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Negin Hatami
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Behnod
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Saber Tanha
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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