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Heeke AL, Sha W, Feldman R, Fisher J, Hadzikadic-Gusic L, Symanowski JT, White RL, Tan AR. The Genomic Landscape of Breast Cancer in Young and Older Women. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:630-638.e3. [PMID: 39174364 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young women with breast cancer (YWBC; ≤40 years) often have a poorer prognosis than older women with breast cancer (OWBC; ≥65 years). We explored molecular features of tumors from YWBC and OWBC to identify a biologic connection for these patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the molecular profiles of 1879 breast tumors. Testing included immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and next-generation sequencing. Statistical analyses included Pearson's chi2 test for comparisons, with significance defined as FDR (false discovery rate)-P < .05. RESULTS TP53 and BRCA1 somatic mutations were more common in YWBC tumors than in OWBC tumors (53%, 42%; P = .0001, FDR-P = .0025 and 7%, 2%; P = .0001, FDR-P = .0025; respectively). Conversely, OWBC tumors had higher androgen receptor expression (55%, 45%; P = .0002, FDR-P = .0025) higher PD-L1 expression detected by IHC (8%, 5%; P = .0476, FDR-P = .2754), and more frequent PIK3CA mutations (33%, 17%; P = < .0001, FDR-P = < .0001). Among HR+/HER2- samples, YWBC had more gene amplifications in FGF3 (27%, 10%; P = .0353, FDR-P = .2462), FGF4 (27%, 9%; P = .0218, FDR-P = .1668), FGF19 (30%, 12%; P = .034, FDR-P = .2462) and CCND1 (37%, 18%; P = .0344, FDR-P = .2462) than OWBC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest distinct molecular aberrations exist between YWBC and OWBC. Exploiting these molecular changes could refine our treatment strategies in YWBC and OWBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle L Heeke
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology and Investigational Therapeutics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sandra Levine Young Women's Breast Cancer Program, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC.
| | - Wei Sha
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | | | - Julie Fisher
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology and Investigational Therapeutics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sandra Levine Young Women's Breast Cancer Program, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Lejla Hadzikadic-Gusic
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sandra Levine Young Women's Breast Cancer Program, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - James T Symanowski
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Richard L White
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sandra Levine Young Women's Breast Cancer Program, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Antoinette R Tan
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology and Investigational Therapeutics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sandra Levine Young Women's Breast Cancer Program, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
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Karcini A, Mercier NR, Lazar IM. Proteomic assessment of SKBR3/HER2+ breast cancer cellular response to Lapatinib and investigational Ipatasertib kinase inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1413818. [PMID: 39268460 PMCID: PMC11391243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1413818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modern cancer treatment strategies aim at achieving cancer remission by using targeted and personalized therapies, as well as harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eradicate the cancer cells. To overcome a relatively short-lived response due to resistance to the administered drugs, combination therapies have been pursued. Objective The objective of this study was to use high-throughput data generation technologies such as mass spectrometry and proteomics to investigate the broader implications, and to expand the outlook, of such therapeutic approaches. Specifically, we investigated the systems-level response of a breast cancer cell line model to a mixture of kinase inhibitors that has not been adopted yet as a standard therapeutic regime. Methods Two critical pathways that sustain the growth and survival of cancer cells, EGFR and PI3K/AKT, were inhibited in SKBR3/HER2+ breast cancer cells with Lapatinib (Tyr kinase inhibitor) and Ipatasertib (Ser/Thr kinase inhibitor), and the landscape of the affected biological processes was investigated with proteomic technologies. Results Over 800 proteins matched by three unique peptide sequences were affected by exposing the cells to the drugs. The work corroborated the anti-proliferative activity of Lapatinib and Ipatasertib and uncovered a range of impacted cancer-supportive hallmark processes, among which immune response, adhesion, and migration emerged as particularly relevant to the ability of drugs to effectively suppress the proliferation and dissemination of cancer cells. Changes in the expression of key cancer drivers such as oncogenes, tumor suppressors, EMT and angiogenesis regulators underscored the inhibitory effectiveness of drugs on cancer proliferation. The supplementation of Lapatinib with Ipatasertib further affected additional transcription factors and proteins involved in gene expression, trafficking, DNA repair, and development of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, over fifty of the impacted proteins represent approved or investigational targets in the DrugBank database, which through their protein-protein interaction networks can inform the selection of effective therapeutic partners. Conclusion Altogether, the exposure of SKBR3/HER2+ cells to Lapatinib and Ipatasertib kinase inhibitors uncovered a broad plethora of yet untapped opportunities that can be further explored for enhancing the anti-cancer effects of each drug as well as of many other multi-drug therapies that target the EGFR/ERBB2 and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arba Karcini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Mercier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Division of Systems Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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3
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Karcini A, Mercier NR, Lazar IM. Proteomic Assessment of SKBR3/HER2+ Breast Cancer Cellular Response to Lapatinib and Investigational Ipatasertib Kinase Inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587656. [PMID: 38617302 PMCID: PMC11014527 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Modern cancer treatment approaches aim at achieving cancer remission by using targeted and personalized therapies, as well as harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the cancer cells. To overcome a relatively short-lived response due to the development of resistance to the administered drugs, combination therapies have been pursued, as well. To expand the outlook of combination therapies, the objective of this study was to use high-throughput data generation technologies such as mass spectrometry and proteomics to investigate the response of HER2+ breast cancer cells to a mixture of two kinase inhibitors that has not been adopted yet as a standard treatment regime. The broader landscape of biological processes that are affected by inhibiting two major pathways that sustain the growth and survival of cancer cells, i.e., EGFR and PI3K/AKT, was investigated by treating SKBR3/HER2+ breast cancer cells with Lapatinib or a mixture of Lapatinib/Ipatasertib small molecule drugs. Changes in protein expression and/or activity in response to the drug treatments were assessed by using two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches based on peak area and peptide spectrum match measurements. Over 900 proteins matched by three unique peptide sequences (FDR<0.05) were affected by the exposure of cells to the drugs. The work corroborated the anti-proliferative activity of Lapatinib and Ipatasertib, and, in addition to cell cycle and growth arrest processes enabled the identification of several multi-functional proteins with roles in cancer-supportive hallmark processes. Among these, immune response, adhesion and migration emerged as particularly relevant to the ability to effectively suppress the proliferation and dissemination of cancer cells. The supplementation of Lapatinib with Ipatasertib further affected the expression or activity of additional transcription factors and proteins involved in gene expression, trafficking, DNA repair, and development of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, over fifty of the affected proteins represented approved or investigational targets in the DrugBank database, which through their protein-protein interaction networks can inform the selection of effective therapeutic partners. Altogether, our findings exposed a broad plethora of yet untapped opportunities that can be further explored for enhancing the anti-cancer effects of each drug as well as of many other multi-drug therapies that target the EGFR/ERBB2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD051094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arba Karcini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Nicole R. Mercier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Division of Systems Biology, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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López L, Fernández-Vañes L, Cabal VN, García-Marín R, Suárez-Fernández L, Codina-Martínez H, Lorenzo-Guerra SL, Vivanco B, Blanco-Lorenzo V, Llorente JL, López F, Hermsen MA. Sox2 and βIII-Tubulin as Biomarkers of Drug Resistance in Poorly Differentiated Sinonasal Carcinomas. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1504. [PMID: 37888115 PMCID: PMC10608336 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly differentiated sinonasal carcinomas (PDCs) are tumors that have a poor prognosis despite advances in classical treatment. Predictive and prognostic markers and new personalized treatments could improve the oncological outcomes of patients. In this study, we analyzed SOX2 and βIII-tubulin as biomarkers that could have prognostic and therapeutic impacts on these tumors. The cohort included 57 cases of PDCs: 36 sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) cases, 13 olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) cases, and 8 sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) cases. Clinical follow-up data were available for 26 of these cases. Sox2 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry in 6 (75%) SNEC cases, 19 (53%) SNUC cases, and 6 (46%) ONB cases. The absence of Sox2 staining correlated with a higher rate of recurrence (p = 0.015), especially distant recurrence. The majority of cases showed βIII-tubulin expression, with strong positivity in 85%, 75%, and 64% of SNEC, ONB, and SNUC cases, respectively. Tumors with stronger βIII-tubulin expression demonstrated longer disease-free survival than those with no expression or low expression (p = 0.049). Sox2 and βIII-tubulin expression is common in poorly differentiated sinonasal tumors and has prognostic and therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (L.L.); (L.F.-V.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Vañes
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (L.L.); (L.F.-V.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Virginia N. Cabal
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (H.C.-M.); (S.L.L.-G.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Rocío García-Marín
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (H.C.-M.); (S.L.L.-G.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (H.C.-M.); (S.L.L.-G.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Helena Codina-Martínez
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (H.C.-M.); (S.L.L.-G.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Sara L. Lorenzo-Guerra
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (H.C.-M.); (S.L.L.-G.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.V.); (V.B.-L.)
| | - Verónica Blanco-Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.V.); (V.B.-L.)
| | - José L. Llorente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (L.L.); (L.F.-V.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (L.L.); (L.F.-V.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Mario A. Hermsen
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.); (H.C.-M.); (S.L.L.-G.); (M.A.H.)
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Kobayashi G, Hayashi T, Sentani K, Uraoka N, Fukui T, Kido A, Katsuya N, Ishikawa A, Babasaki T, Sekino Y, Nose H, Hinata N, Oue N. Clinicopathological significance of TUBB3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma and possible application in urine cytology. Pathol Int 2023; 73:444-455. [PMID: 37589430 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
βIII-Tubulin, encoded by the TUBB3 gene, is a microtubule protein. We previously reported that TUBB3 is overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma. We investigated the clinicopathological significance of TUBB3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) by immunohistochemistry. In normal tissue, TUBB3 expression was weak or absent. In contrast, TUBB3 overexpression was observed in urothelial carcinoma (UC) tissues in 51 (49%) of 103 UTUC cases. TUBB3 overexpression was associated with nodular/flat morphology, high-grade disease, high T stage, and a poor prognosis. Similar results were obtained in The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cancer cohort. TUBB3 expression was also associated with high Ki-67 labeling index, CD44v9, HER2, EGFR, and p53 expression in UTUC. Among representative cancer-related molecules, TUBB3 was an independent predictor of progression-free survival and high-grade UC. Finally, using urine cytology samples, we analyzed TUBB3 expression by immunocytochemistry. TUBB3 expression was more frequently found in UC cells than in nonneoplastic cells. The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology was improved when combined with TUBB3 immunostaining. The findings suggest the importance of TUBB3 in tumor progression and its potential application as a biomarker for high-grade disease and the prognosis of UC. Moreover, combination with TUBB3 immunostaining might improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fukui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Kido
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Narutaka Katsuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nose
- Department of Urology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Elmehrath S, Nguyen HL, Karam SM, Amin A, Greish YE. BioMOF-Based Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:953. [PMID: 36903831 PMCID: PMC10005089 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A variety of nanomaterials have been developed specifically for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery in cancer treatment. These materials involve both synthetic and natural nanoparticles and nanofibers of varying dimensions. The efficacy of a drug delivery system (DDS) depends on its biocompatibility, intrinsic high surface area, high interconnected porosity, and chemical functionality. Recent advances in metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructures have led to the achievement of these desirable features. MOFs consist of metal ions and organic linkers that are assembled in different geometries and can be produced in 0, 1, 2, or 3 dimensions. The defining features of MOFs are their outstanding surface area, interconnected porosity, and variable chemical functionality, which enable an endless range of modalities for loading drugs into their hierarchical structures. MOFs, coupled with biocompatibility requisites, are now regarded as highly successful DDSs for the treatment of diverse diseases. This review aims to present the development and applications of DDSs based on chemically-functionalized MOF nanostructures in the context of cancer treatment. A concise overview of the structure, synthesis, and mode of action of MOF-DDS is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Elmehrath
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ha L. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry University of California—Berkeley, Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley, and Berkeley Global Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Joint UAEU−UC Berkeley Laboratories for Materials Innovations, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherif M. Karam
- Department of Anatomy, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr Amin
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaser E. Greish
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Joint UAEU−UC Berkeley Laboratories for Materials Innovations, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Nyarko JNK, Heistad RM, Pennington PR, Mousseau DD. Detecting Monoamine Oxidase A and B Proteins: A Western Blotting Protocol and Some Practical Considerations. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:123-141. [PMID: 36169860 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the two isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO A and MAO B) is often inferred from proxy measures such as mRNA transcript levels or catalytic activity. Yet the literature is clear that the proportionality of protein, mRNA, and activity does not guarantee that any of these measures can be used as a proxy for any of the others. Here we provide a protocol for the detection of MAO proteins in cell lysates that can be adapted readily to tissue preparations. Given that MAOs influence many physiological and pathological processes, we feel it is essential to include measures of protein expression when exploring genetic regulation or catalytic properties of these important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan M Heistad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Paul R Pennington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Scherbakov AM, Basharina AA, Sorokin DV, Mikhaevich EI, Mizaeva IE, Mikhaylova AL, Bogush TA, Krasil’nikov MA. Targeting hormone-resistant breast cancer cells with docetaxel: a look inside the resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:103-115. [PMID: 37065867 PMCID: PMC10099602 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to analyze the effect of long-term incubation of ERα-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (HT) on their sensitivity to tubulin polymerization inhibitor docetaxel. Methods: The analysis of cell viability was performed by the MTT method. The expression of signaling proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. ERα activity was evaluated by gene reporter assay. To establish hormone-resistant subline MCF7, breast cancer cells were treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen for 12 months. Results: The developed MCF7/HT subline has lost sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and the resistance index was 2. Increased Akt activity (2.2-fold) and decreased ERα expression (1.5-fold) were revealed in MCF7/HT cells. The activity of the estrogen receptor α was reduced (1.5-fold) in MCF7/HT. Evaluation of class III β-tubulin expression (TUBB3), a marker associated with metastasis, revealed the following trends: higher expression of TUBB3 was detected in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells compared to hormone-responsive MCF7 cells (P < 0.05). The lowest expression of TUBB3 was found in hormone-resistant MCF7/HT cells (MCF7/HT < MCF7 < MDA-MB-231, approximately 1:2:4). High TUBB3 expression strongly correlated with docetaxel resistance: IC50 value of docetaxel for MDA-MB-231 cells was greater than that for MCF7 cells, whereas resistant MCF7/HT cells were the most sensitive to the drug. The accumulation of cleaved PARP (a 1.6-fold increase) and Bcl-2 downregulation (1.8-fold) were more pronounced in docetaxel-treated resistant cells (P < 0.05). The expression of cyclin D1 decreased (2.8-fold) only in resistant cells after 4 nM docetaxel treatment, while this marker was unchanged in parental MCF7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Further development of taxane-based chemotherapy for hormone-resistant cancer looks highly promising, especially for cancers with low TUBB3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
- Correspondence to: Dr. Alexander M. Scherbakov, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye shosse 24 bldg.15, Moscow 115522, Russia. E-mail:
| | - Anna A. Basharina
- Group of Molecular Tumor Markers, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina I. Mikhaevich
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Iman E. Mizaeva
- Group of Molecular Tumor Markers, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra L. Mikhaylova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A. Bogush
- Group of Molecular Tumor Markers, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Krasil’nikov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
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Ahmed MB, Islam SU, Alghamdi AAA, Kamran M, Ahsan H, Lee YS. Phytochemicals as Chemo-Preventive Agents and Signaling Molecule Modulators: Current Role in Cancer Therapeutics and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15765. [PMID: 36555406 PMCID: PMC9779495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases. Numerous anticancer medications have been developed to target the molecular pathways driving cancer. However, there has been no discernible increase in the overall survival rate in cancer patients. Therefore, innovative chemo-preventive techniques and agents are required to supplement standard cancer treatments and boost their efficacy. Fruits and vegetables should be tapped into as a source of compounds that can serve as cancer therapy. Phytochemicals play an important role as sources of new medication in cancer treatment. Some synthetic and natural chemicals are effective for cancer chemoprevention, i.e., the use of exogenous medicine to inhibit or impede tumor development. They help regulate molecular pathways linked to the development and spread of cancer. They can enhance antioxidant status, inactivating carcinogens, suppressing proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and death, and regulating the immune system. While focusing on four main categories of plant-based anticancer agents, i.e., epipodophyllotoxin, camptothecin derivatives, taxane diterpenoids, and vinca alkaloids and their mode of action, we review the anticancer effects of phytochemicals, like quercetin, curcumin, piperine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and gingerol. We examine the different signaling pathways associated with cancer and how inflammation as a key mechanism is linked to cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Peshawar, Street 1, Sector F 5 Phase 6 Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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10
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Apollonova VS, Sidina EI, Tkachenko EV, Malek AV. MicroRNA-dependent mechanisms of taxane resistance in breast cancer. TUMORS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-3-52-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has a leading position in the statistics of oncological morbidity and mortality among women. Taxan-based polychemotherapy regimens are an essential component of the complex therapy of the BC. However, currently used algorithms of taxan-based regimens application do not always provide with desire effect. It indicates the need to identify new prognostic markers and to develop new approaches to modify response of BC cells to standard therapeutic regimens. MicroRNAs, small RNA molecules regulating protein synthesis, are considered as promising markers and potential modulators of the BC cells sensitivity to taxanes.The review includes a brief summary of the molecular mechanisms of action of the taxanes and the mechanism BC resistance to the process of microtubules depolymerization, provides with analysis of recent experimental and observational studies of the role of microRNAs in control of these mechanisms, and evaluates prospects for the development of new approaches to predict and to improve the cytostatic effects of taxanes through the analysis and modification of cellular microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Apollonova
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. I. Sidina
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. V. Tkachenko
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. V. Malek
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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11
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Omics Analysis of Chemoresistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Novel Metabolic Vulnerabilities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172719. [PMID: 36078127 PMCID: PMC9454761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance in cancer poses the greatest hurdle for successful therapeutic results and is associated with most cancer deaths. In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets, systemic chemotherapy is at the forefront of treatments, but it only benefits a fraction of patients because of the development of resistance. Cancer cells may possess an innate resistance to chemotherapeutic agents or develop new mechanisms of acquired resistance after long-term drug exposure. Such mechanisms involve an interplay between genetic, epigenetic and metabolic alterations that enable cancer cells to evade therapy. In this work, we generated and characterized a chemoresistant TNBC cell line to be used for the investigation of mechanisms that drive resistance to paclitaxel. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted the important role of metabolic-associated pathways in the resistant cells, prompting us to employ 1H-NMR to explore the metabolome and lipidome of these cells. We identified and described herein numerous metabolites and lipids that were significantly altered in the resistant cells. Integrated analysis of our omics data revealed MSMO1, an intermediate enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, as a novel mediator of chemoresistance in TNBC. Overall, our data provide a critical insight into the metabolic adaptations that accompany acquired resistance in TNBC and pinpoint potential new targets.
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12
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Jayathirtha M, Neagu AN, Whitham D, Alwine S, Darie CC. Investigation of the effects of overexpression of jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) protein in MCF7 cells for potential use as a biomarker in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1784-1823. [PMID: 35530281 PMCID: PMC9077082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene acts as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different malignancies, including breast cancer (BC), where it was reported as overexpressed. However, the molecular functions, biological processes and underlying mechanisms through which JTB protein causes increased cell growth, proliferation and invasion is still not fully deciphered. Our goal is to identify the functions of JTB protein by cellular proteomics approaches. MCF7 breast cancer cells were transfected with sense orientation of hJTB cDNA in HA, His and FLAG tagged CMV expression vector to overexpress hJTB and the expression levels were confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Proteins extracted from transfected cells were separated by SDS-PAGE and the in-gel digested peptides were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). By comparing the proteome of cells with upregulated conditions of JTB vs control and identifying the protein dysregulation patterns, we aim to understand the function of this protein and its contribution to tumorigenesis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) algorithm was performed to investigate the biological processes and pathways that are associated with the JTB protein upregulation. The results demonstrated four significantly enriched gene sets from the following significantly upregulated pathways: mitotic spindle assembly, estrogen response late, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and estrogen response early. JTB protein itself is involved in mitotic spindle pathway by its role in cell division/cytokinesis, and within estrogen response early and late pathways, contributing to discrimination between luminal and mesenchymal breast cancer. Thus, the overexpressed JTB condition was significantly associated with an increased expression of ACTNs, FLNA, FLNB, EZR, MYOF, COL3A1, COL11A1, HSPA1A, HSP90A, WDR, EPPK1, FASN and FOXA1 proteins related to deregulation of cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis, mitotic spindle organization, ECM remodeling, cellular response to estrogen, proliferation, migration, metastasis, increased lipid biogenesis, endocrine therapy resistance, antiapoptosis and discrimination between different breast cancer subtypes. Other upregulated proteins for overexpressed JTB condition are involved in multiple cellular functions and pathways that become dysregulated, such as tumor microenvironment (TME) acidification, the transmembrane transport pathways, glycolytic flux, iron metabolism and oxidative stress, metabolic reprogramming, nucleocytosolic mRNA transport, transcriptional activation, chromatin remodeling, modulation of cell death pathways, stress responsive pathways, and cancer drug resistance. The downregulated proteins for overexpressed JTB condition are involved in adaptive communication between external and internal environment of cells and maintenance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, vesicle trafficking and secretion, DNA lesions repair and suppression of genes involved in tumor progression, proteostasis, redox state regulation, biosynthesis of macromolecules, lipolytic pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, dysregulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation system, cancer cell immune escape, cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions, and cytoskeletal behaviour. There were no significantly enriched downregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IasiCarol I Bvd. No. 22, Iasi 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Shelby Alwine
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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13
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Rogala B, Khan ZA, Jackson-Boeters L, Darling MR. Investigation of the Molecular Profile of Granular Cell Tumours and Schwannomas of the Oral Cavity. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10030038. [PMID: 35323240 PMCID: PMC8946879 DOI: 10.3390/dj10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are rare submucosal lesions, thought to develop from Schwann cells, characterised by large polygonal cells with abundant lysosomes. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether GCTs have an antigen-presenting cell (APC) phenotype or a neural crest phenotype using immunohistochemistry and to compare expression profiles with Schwannomas. Immunoreactivity to CD68, HLA-DR, CD163, CD40 and CD11c (APC phenotype) and markers of neural crest cell (NCC) origin S100, SOX10, NSE and GAP43 in 23 cases of GCTs and 10 cases of Schwannomas were evaluated. RT-qPCR was used to identify a possible NCC developmental phenotype in 6 cases of GCTs. GAP43 was identified as a new NCC marker for GCTs, and some evidence was found for an APC phenotype from CD68 and HLA-DR immunoreactivity. RT-qPCR failed to identify an NCC developmental phenotype of GCTs, likely due to technical issues.
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14
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Park J, Kim D, Lee JO, Park HC, Ryu BY, Kim JH, Lee SH, Chung YJ. Dissection of molecular and histological subtypes of papillary thyroid cancer using alternative splicing profiles. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:263-272. [PMID: 35277656 PMCID: PMC8980103 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing evidence of the relevance of alternative splicing (AS) to cancer development and progression, the biological implications of AS for tumor behaviors, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), remain elusive. With the aim of further understanding the molecular and histological subtypes of PTC, we in this study explored whether AS events might act as new molecular determinants. For this purpose, AS profiles were analyzed in RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and from a Korean patient dataset. A total of 23 distinct exon-skipping (ES) events that correlated significantly with PTC oncogenic activity and differentiation scores were identified. The two top-ranked ES events, NUMA1_17515 in exon 18 of NUMA1 and TUBB3_38175 in exon 6 of TUBB3, showed high correlations with oncogenic activities and discriminated histological and molecular subtypes of PTC. Furthermore, two novel intron-retention (IR) events for TUBB3 were uncovered. All ES and IR events for the TUBB3 gene were predicted to induce nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The relative abundances of intron reads in the PTC dataset from TCGA showed IR levels to differ significantly among PTC subtypes, possibly reflecting their different tumor behaviors. This study provides a landscape of AS changes among PTC subtypes and identified two significant AS events, NUMA1_17515 and TUBB3_38175, as potential AS biomarkers for PTC subclassification and characterization. The AS events identified in this study may be involved in the development of phenotypic differences underlying the functional characteristics and histological differentiation of PTCs. Two potential biomarkers uncovered by scientists in South Korea may help more accurately classify subtypes of papillary thyroid cancer, the most common form of thyroid cancer, and improve treatment regimens. Ascertaining the correct papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) subtype is important for patient prognoses and treatment plans. Growing evidence suggests that cancer progression may be influenced by ‘alternative splicing’ events, alterations to mRNA that change the structure of mRNA transcripts and affect the function of encoded proteins. Yeun-Jun Chung and Sug Hyung Lee at the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, and co-workers explored alternative splicing events in PTC patient samples. They identified 25 distinct events associated with oncogenic activity and differentiation between PTC subtypes. Of these, two events associated with two separate genes are particularly significant and could prove useful as biomarkers for disease classification and characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmoung Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian Y Ryu
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Oya K, Kondo Y, Fukuda Y, Kishino M, Toyosawa S. TUBB3 immunostaining improves the diagnostic accuracy of oral liquid-based cytology in squamous cell carcinoma. Cytopathology 2022; 33:374-379. [PMID: 34995373 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) is not expressed in normal epithelium, its expression in cancers of some organs has been reported. Herein, we investigated TUBB3 expression pattern and level in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and assessed whether TUBB3 immunostaining could improve the diagnostic accuracy of oral scraping liquid-based cytology (LBC). METHODS Paraffin sections of biopsies from 107 patients with primary SCC and 30 patients with squamous papilloma occurred in tongue and gingiva were immunostained for TUBB3. Moreover, 15 LBC samples obtained from the study participants with SCC were also immunostained for TUBB3. Seven LBC samples were false-negative. TUBB3 expression level in each sample was evaluated and classified as 3+, 2+, 1+, and 0. RESULTS TUBB3 expression was confirmed in 91.6% of paraffin-embedded SCC specimens. Clear and diffuse positivity (above 2+) was observed in 77.6% of the total cases. In the well-differentiated type, tumour cells in the middle layer of the parenchyma specifically expressed TUBB3. In almost LBC samples, cancerous intermediate cells showed immunopositivity similarly to that of paraffin samples, even if cellular atypia was not clear in Papanicolaou staining. CONCLUSIONS TUBB3 immunostaining is useful for diagnosing oral SCC in scraping LBC, especially when samples consist of intermediate cells with little morphological change. Moreover, TUBB3 immunostaining could improve the diagnostic accuracy of oral scraping LBC by reducing false-negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oya
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kondo
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Fukuda
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Kishino
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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16
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βIII-tubulin overexpression in cancer: Causes, consequences, and potential therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188607. [PMID: 34364992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) is frequently overexpressed in human tumors and is associated with resistance to microtubule-targeting agents, tumor aggressiveness, and poor patient outcome. Understanding the mechanisms regulating βIII-tubulin expression and the varied functions βIII-tubulin may have in different cancers is vital to assess the prognostic value of this protein and to develop strategies to enhance therapeutic benefits in βIII-tubulin overexpressing tumors. Here we gather all the available evidence regarding the clinical implications of βIII-tubulin overexpression in cancer, describe factors that regulate βIII-tubulin expression, and discuss current understanding of the mechanisms underlying βIII-tubulin-mediated resistance to microtubule-targeting agents and tumor aggressiveness. Finally, we provide an overview of emerging therapeutic strategies to target tumors that overexpress βIII-tubulin.
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17
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LEDGF/p75 Is Required for an Efficient DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115866. [PMID: 34070855 PMCID: PMC8198318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lens epithelium-derived growth factor splice variant of 75 kDa (LEDGF/p75) plays an important role in cancer, but its DNA-damage repair (DDR)-related implications are still not completely understood. Different LEDGF model cell lines were generated: a complete knock-out of LEDGF (KO) and re-expression of LEDGF/p75 or LEDGF/p52 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Their proliferation and migration capacity as well as their chemosensitivity were determined, which was followed by investigation of the DDR signaling pathways by Western blot and immunofluorescence. LEDGF-deficient cells exhibited a decreased proliferation and migration as well as an increased sensitivity toward etoposide. Moreover, LEDGF-depleted cells showed a significant reduction in the recruitment of downstream DDR-related proteins such as replication protein A 32 kDa subunit (RPA32) after exposure to etoposide. The re-expression of LEDGF/p75 rescued all knock-out effects. Surprisingly, untreated LEDGF KO cells showed an increased amount of DNA fragmentation combined with an increased formation of γH2AX and BRCA1. In contrast, the protein levels of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC13 and nuclear proteasome activator PA28γ were substantially reduced upon LEDGF KO. This study provides for the first time an insight that LEDGF is not only involved in the recruitment of CtIP but has also an effect on the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of DDR signaling molecules and highlights the role of LEDGF/p75 in homology-directed DNA repair.
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18
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Campolo M, Lanza M, Paterniti I, Filippone A, Ardizzone A, Casili G, Scuderi SA, Puglisi C, Mare M, Memeo L, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. PEA-OXA Mitigates Oxaliplatin-Induced Painful Neuropathy through NF-κB/Nrf-2 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083927. [PMID: 33920318 PMCID: PMC8069952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a common, dose-dependent adverse effect of several antineoplastics, such as oxaliplatin (L-OHP). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of 2-pentadecyl-2-oxazoline (PEA-OXA) in a murine model of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN). OIPN was induced by an intraperitoneally injection of L-OHP in rats on five consecutive days (D0-4) for a final cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg. PEA-OXA and ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEAum), both 10 mg/kg, were given orally 15-20 min prior (L-OHP) and sacrifice was made on day 25. Our results demonstrated that PEA-OXA, more than PEAum, reduced the development of hypersensitivity in rats; this was associated with the reduction in hyperactivation of glia cells and the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, accompanied by an upregulation of neurotrophic factors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Moreover, we showed that PEA-OXA reduced L-OHP damage via a reduction in NF-κB pathway activation and a modulation of Nrf-2 pathways. Our findings identify PEA-OXA as a therapeutic target in chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy, through the biomolecular signaling NF-κB/Nrf-2 axis, thanks to its abilities to counteract L-OHP damage. Therefore, we can consider PEA-OXA as a promising adjunct to chemotherapy to reduce chronic pain in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Sarah A. Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Marzia Mare
- Istituto Oncologico Del Mediterraneo Spa, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (M.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Istituto Oncologico Del Mediterraneo Spa, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (M.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
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19
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Is Carboxypeptidase B1 a Prognostic Marker for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071726. [PMID: 33917306 PMCID: PMC8038727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an early-stage breast cancer (BC), in which tumor cells are growing in a localized duct of the mammary gland. DCIS is considered a precursor disease for invasive BC and, therefore, treated as soon as it is identified. However, low-grade DCIS can be confused with atypical ductal hyperplasia, which is not a malignant lesion, leading to unnecessary surgery in around 70% of women with suspected DCIS. On the other hand, if left untreated, a DCIS has the potential to progress to IDC. In this retrospective study, we identified a gene signature, carboxypeptidase B1 (CPB1), the expression of which could help differentiate DCIS from an ADH lesion and DCIS that may progress to an invasive BC. Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a non-obligatory precursor for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Around 70% of women with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) undergo unnecessary surgery due to the difficulty in differentiating ADH from low-grade DCIS. If untreated, 14–60% of DCIS progress to IDC, highlighting the importance of identifying a DCIS gene signature. Human transcriptome data of breast tissue samples representing each step of BC progression were analyzed and high expression of carboxypeptidase B1 (CPB1) expression strongly correlated with DCIS. This was confirmed by quantitative PCR in breast tissue samples and cell lines model. High CPB1 expression correlated with better survival outcome, and mRNA level was highest in DCIS than DCIS adjacent to IDC and IDC. Moreover, loss of CPB1 in a DCIS cell line led to invasive properties associated with activation of HIF1α, FN1, STAT3 and SPP1 and downregulation of SFRP1 and OS9. The expression of CPB1 could predict 90.1% of DCIS in a cohort consisting of DCIS and IDC. We identified CPB1, a biomarker that helps differentiate DCIS from ADH or IDC and in predicting if a DCIS is likely to progress to IDC, thereby helping clinicians in their decisions.
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20
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Mosca L, Ilari A, Fazi F, Assaraf YG, Colotti G. Taxanes in cancer treatment: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100742. [PMID: 33429249 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1984, when paclitaxel was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, taxanes have been widely used as microtubule-targeting antitumor agents. However, their historic classification as antimitotics does not describe all their functions. Indeed, taxanes act in a complex manner, altering multiple cellular oncogenic processes including mitosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ROS production. On the one hand, identification of the diverse effects of taxanes on oncogenic signaling pathways provides opportunities to apply these cytotoxic drugs in a more rational manner. On the other hand, this may facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities to surmount anticancer drug resistance. In the latter respect, chemoresistance remains a major impediment which limits the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapy. Taxanes have shown impact on key molecular mechanisms including disruption of mitotic spindle, mitosis slippage and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is an emerging contribution of cellular processes including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations and microRNAs deregulation to the acquisition of taxane resistance. Hence, these two lines of findings are currently promoting a more rational and efficacious taxane application as well as development of novel molecular strategies to enhance the efficacy of taxane-based cancer treatment while overcoming drug resistance. This review provides a general and comprehensive picture on the use of taxanes in cancer treatment. In particular, we describe the history of application of taxanes in anticancer therapeutics, the synthesis of the different drugs belonging to this class of cytotoxic compounds, their features and the differences between them. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms of action of taxanes and the molecular basis underlying the onset of taxane resistance. We further delineate the possible modalities to overcome chemoresistance to taxanes, such as increasing drug solubility, delivery and pharmacokinetics, overcoming microtubule alterations or mitotic slippage, inhibiting drug efflux pumps or drug metabolism, targeting redox metabolism, immune response, and other cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Dept. Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Expression of Class III Beta-Tubulin Is Associated with Invasive Potential and Poor Prognosis in Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123830. [PMID: 33256003 PMCID: PMC7760790 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although American Thyroid Association guidelines offer a risk stratification scheme for thyroid cancer patients, there is a continuous need for more sophisticated biomarkers that can predict disease progression. In this study, we aim to evaluate the prognostic value of class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) and uncover the relationship between TUBB3 and invasive potential in thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TUBB3 and E-cadherin was performed on a total of 254 cases of thyroid cancer specimens. Tumor budding at the invasive margin was evaluated. In vitro functional studies were also performed; the protein and mRNA levels of TUBB3 were compared among the five cell types at baseline, with transwell invasion and after blocking of TUBB3 by shRNA. IHC revealed that the levels of TUBB3 were higher in conventional papillary carcinomas (cPTCs) and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs). In univariate analysis, high tumor budding and TUBB3 expression were associated with inferior progression-free survival in cPTC. The results of a Western blot and RT-PCR agreed with the IHC finding. The results were further validated through data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Our results suggest that high expression of TUBB3 in thyroid carcinoma could predict invasive potential and possibly be linked with epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
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Influence of paclitaxel therapy on expression of ßIII-Tubulin and Carbonic anhydrase IX proteins in chemically-induced rat mammary tumors. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Coco S, Boccardo S, Mora M, Fontana V, Vanni I, Genova C, Alama A, Salvi S, Dal Bello MG, Bonfiglio S, Rijavec E, Sini C, Barletta G, Biello F, Carli F, Cavalieri Z, Burrafato G, Longo L, Ballestrero A, Grossi F. Radiation-Related Deregulation of TUBB3 and BRCA1/2 and Risk of Secondary Lung Cancer in Women With Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:218-230.e6. [PMID: 33008754 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing unrelated primary cancers, particularly lung cancer. Evidence indicates that sex hormones as well as a deregulation of DNA-repair pathways may contribute to lung cancer onset. We investigated whether the hormone status and expression of markers involved in DNA repair (BRCA1/2, ERCC1, and P53R2), synthesis (TS and RRM1), and cell division (TUBB3) might be linked to lung cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-seven breast cancer survivors with unrelated lung cancer and 84 control subjects comprising women with breast cancer (42/84) or lung cancer (42/84) were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue was performed. Geometric mean ratio was used to assess the association of marker levels with patient groups. RESULTS Estrogen receptor was expressed in approximately 90% of the breast cancer group but was negative in the majority of the lung cancer group, a result similar to the lung cancer control group. Likewise, ER isoform β was weakly expressed in the lung cancer group. Protein analysis of breast cancer versus control had a significantly lower expression of BRCA1, P53R2, and TUBB3. Likewise, a BRCA1 reduction was observed in the lung cancer group concomitant with a BRCA2 increase. Furthermore, BRCA2 and TUBB3 increased in ipsilateral lung cancer in women who had previously received radiotherapy for breast cancer. CONCLUSION The decrease of DNA-repair proteins in breast cancer could make these women more susceptible to therapy-related cancer. The increase of BRCA2 and TUBB3 in lung cancer from patients who previously received radiotherapy for breast cancer might reflect a tissue response to exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simona Boccardo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Vanni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Bonfiglio
- Centre for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- UOC Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Cà Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Sini
- Oncologia Medica e CPDO, ASSL di Olbia-ATS Sardegna, Olbia, Italy
| | - Giulia Barletta
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Zita Cavalieri
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Longo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa
| | - Francesco Grossi
- UOC Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Cà Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Borys F, Joachimiak E, Krawczyk H, Fabczak H. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Microtubule Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E3705. [PMID: 32823874 PMCID: PMC7464520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), highly dynamic structures composed of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cell movement and intracellular traffic and are essential for cell division. Within the cell, MTs are not uniform as they can be composed of different tubulin isotypes that are post-translationally modified and interact with different microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). These diverse intrinsic factors influence the dynamics of MTs. Extrinsic factors such as microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) can also affect MT dynamics. MTAs can be divided into two main categories: microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) and microtubule-destabilizing agents (MDAs). Thus, the MT skeleton is an important target for anticancer therapy. This review discusses factors that determine the microtubule dynamics in normal and cancer cells and describes microtubule-MTA interactions, highlighting the importance of tubulin isoform diversity and post-translational modifications in MTA responses and the consequences of such a phenomenon, including drug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Borys
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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25
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Targeting the IL-1β/EHD1/TUBB3 axis overcomes resistance to EGFR-TKI in NSCLC. Oncogene 2019; 39:1739-1755. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Highly conserved α- and β-tubulin heterodimers assemble into dynamic microtubules and perform multiple important cellular functions such as structural support, pathway for transport and force generation in cell division. Tubulin exists in different forms of isotypes expressed by specific genes with spatially- and temporally-regulated expression levels. Some tubulin isotypes are differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells, providing a basis for cancer chemotherapy drug development. Moreover, specific tubulin isotypes are overexpressed and localized in the nuclei of cancer cells and/or show bioenergetic functions through the regulation of the permeability of mitochondrial ion channels. It has also become clear that tubulin isotypes are involved in multiple cellular functions without being incorporated into microtubule structures. Understanding the mutations of tubulin isotypes specifically expressed in tumors and their post-translational modifications might help to identify precise molecular targets for the design of novel anti-microtubular drugs. Knowledge of tubulin mutations present in tubulinopathies brings into focus cellular functions of tubulin in brain pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease. Uncovering signaling pathways which affect tubulin functions during antigen-mediated activation of mast cells presents a major challenge in developing new strategies for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. γ-tubulin, a conserved member of the eukaryotic tubulin superfamily specialized for microtubule nucleation is a target of cell cycle and stress signaling. Besides its microtubule nucleation role, γ-tubulin functions in nuclear and cell cycle related processes. This special issue “Tubulin: Structure, Functions and Roles in Disease” contains eight articles, five of which are original research papers and three are review papers that cover diverse areas of tubulin biology and functions under normal and pathological conditions.
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Chen G, Sun L, Han J, Shi S, Dai Y, Liu W. RILPL2 regulates breast cancer proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance via the TUBB3/PTEN pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1583-1606. [PMID: 31497344 PMCID: PMC6726981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths. The analysis of data obtained from online databases revealed that RILPL2 expression in BC tissues is lower than that in normal tissues, and that RILPL2 upregulation is correlated with prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). However, the function of RILPL2 in tumor proliferation and metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that RILPL2 had lower expression in BC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and that RILPL2 expression was significantly negatively correlated with tumor size, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed a positive correlation between RILPL2 and estrogen receptor (ER) expression and a negative correlation between RILPL2 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Overexpression of RILPL2 inhibited BC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the interaction of exogenous RILPL2 with TUBB3 resulted in the downregulation of BC cell proliferation and migration and upregulation of PTEN expression by promoting destabilization of TUBB3. Furthermore, RILPL2 could reverse BC cell resistance to taxotere-mediated apoptosis by regulating the TUBB3/PTEN/AKT pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that RILPL2 could be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sufang Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuna Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weiguang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056000, Hebei Province, China
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Kobayashi Y, Kitahara H, Hirai M, Tanaka A, Jokaji R, Kobayashi K, Bou-Gharios G, Nakamura H, Kawashiri S. Selectively high efficacy of eribulin against high-grade invasive recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5064-5072. [PMID: 31186718 PMCID: PMC6507455 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) have a poor prognosis. Over the past decade, a major development in the first-line treatment of R/M SCCHN was the introduction of cetuximab in combination with platinum plus 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Currently, a promising novel treatment option in R/M SCCHN has emerged, termed immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, only a few patients presenting with R/M SCCHN have exhibited meaningful tumor regression with these agents. Therefore, novel agents are required to order improve the overall survival of patients with R/M SCCHN. Recently, we demonstrated that R/M SCCHN cells are highly sensitive to eribulin. In the present study, the effects of eribulin, paclitaxel and vinblastine were investigated in R/M SCCHN (OLC-01 and OSC-19) and locally advanced SCCHN (OSC-20) cells. Tumour-inhibitory activities of eribulin against R/M SCCHN were evaluated in orthotopic xenograft models. The data revealed that eribulin has sub-nM growth inhibitory activities in vitro against OLC-01 cells, and that it is more potent than paclitaxel and vinblastine. The reduced expression of Tubulin Beta 3 Class III (TUBB3) following treatment was correlated with a high sensitivity to eribulin. Histological analysis of OLC-01 cells in NOD-SCID mice demonstrated that they had a higher invasiveness in the tissue around the alveolar cancer when compared with the histology of OSC-19 cells, which has been reported in our previous study. Treatment with eribulin revealed marked inhibitory activities in vivo at 0.125 mg/kg against OLC-01 cells orthotopic xenografts. In conclusion, the results highlight the existence of invasive-type heterogeneity in R/M SCCHN with respect to eribulin sensitivity. Eribulin is already an approved clinical agent; therefore, the continued investigation of its preclinical antitumor attributes may contribute significantly to the future process of identifying novel uses of eribulin against R/M SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mariko Hirai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Rei Jokaji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Department of Matrix Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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Regulating the BCL2 Family to Improve Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting Agents. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040346. [PMID: 31013740 PMCID: PMC6523793 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic targeting of microtubules has been the standard of care in treating a variety of malignancies for decades. During mitosis, increased microtubule dynamics are necessary for mitotic spindle formation and successful chromosomal segregation. Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) disrupt the dynamics necessary for successful spindle assembly and trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). As the critical regulators of apoptosis, anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members are often amplified during carcinogenesis that can result in MTA resistance. This review outlines how BCL2 family regulation is positioned within the context of MTA treatment and explores the potential of combination therapy of MTAs with emerging BCL2 family inhibitors.
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30
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Höflmayer D, Öztürk E, Schroeder C, Hube-Magg C, Blessin NC, Simon R, Lang DS, Neubauer E, Göbel C, Heinrich MC, Fraune C, Möller K, Armbrust M, Freytag M, Hinsch A, Lühr C, Noack M, Reiswich V, Weidemann S, Bockhorn M, Perez D, Izbicki JR, Sauter G, Jacobsen F. High expression of class III β-tubulin in upper gastrointestinal cancer types. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7139-7145. [PMID: 30546449 PMCID: PMC6256342 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) is a component of microtubules of neuronal cells that is upregulated in various cancer entities. To better understand the role of TUBB3 in upper gastrointestinal tract cancer types, the present study assessed TUBB3 expression in tissue microarrays including 189 gastric and 428 esophageal cancer. TUBB3 expression was detected in 62.4% of gastric cancer, 73.8% of esophageal adenocarcinoma and 88.7% of esophageal squamous cell cancer, while control samples of normal esophageal and gastric epithelium were TUBB3-negative. TUBB3 positivity was not associated with the International Union Against Cancer classification, World Health Organization grading, lymph node involvement or distant metastasis in any entity. Of note, TUBB3 expression was associated with tumor localization and prognosis in gastric cancer, with the tumor stage in esophageal adenocarcinoma, and with the resection margin in esophageal squamous cell cancer. In conclusion, the substantial rate of positivity for TUBB3 already in early stages of gastric cancer in combination with the lack of a further increase in frequency with tumor stage, may suggest, that TUBB3 upregulation is rather relevant for cancer development than for cancer progression. TUBB3 might be a suitable prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eray Öztürk
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar S Lang
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emily Neubauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Armbrust
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Morton Freytag
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Lühr
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Noack
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Burkholder NT, Mayfield JE, Yu X, Irani S, Arce DK, Jiang F, Matthews WL, Xue Y, Zhang YJ. Phosphatase activity of small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) controls the stability of the key neuronal regulator RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST). J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16851-16861. [PMID: 30217818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is the major scaffold protein for assembly of neuronal gene silencing complexes that suppress gene transcription through regulating the surrounding chromatin structure. REST represses neuronal gene expression in stem cells and non-neuronal cells, but it is minimally expressed in neuronal cells to ensure proper neuronal development. Dysregulation of REST function has been implicated in several cancers and neurological diseases. Modulating REST gene silencing is challenging because cellular and developmental differences can affect its activity. We therefore considered the possibility of modulating REST activity through its regulatory proteins. The human small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) regulates the phosphorylation state of REST at sites that function as REST degradation checkpoints. Using kinetic analysis and direct visualization with X-ray crystallography, we show that SCP1 dephosphorylates two degron phosphosites of REST with a clear preference for phosphoserine 861 (pSer-861). Furthermore, we show that SCP1 stabilizes REST protein levels, which sustains REST's gene silencing function in HEK293 cells. In summary, our findings strongly suggest that REST is a bona fide substrate for SCP1 in vivo and that SCP1 phosphatase activity protects REST against degradation. These observations indicate that targeting REST via its regulatory protein SCP1 can modulate its activity and alter signaling in this essential developmental pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaohua Yu
- the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | | | | | - Faqin Jiang
- the School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Yuanchao Xue
- the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- From the Departments of Molecular Biosciences and .,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Class III β-Tubulin Overexpression Induces Chemoresistance to Eribulin in a Leiomyosarcoma Cell Line. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:8987568. [PMID: 30034996 PMCID: PMC6033248 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8987568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eribulin is a new drug to treat soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that exerts antitumor activity by binding to microtubules. The prognosis of STS is poor, and eribulin is expected to improve the treatment outcome. We observed several cases that exhibited resistance to eribulin and developed an eribulin-resistant leiomyosarcoma cell line to investigate the mechanism of resistance. The IC50 of eribulin was 125 times higher in the resistant cell line than in the parental cell line, and eribulin did not induce G2/M arrest in resistant cells. The resistant cell line showed increased expression of MDR1 transcript, but protein levels and functional analysis results were similar to the parental cell line. We found that class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) was overexpressed in the resistant cell line, and siRNA knockdown of TUBB3 partially recovered sensitivity to eribulin. TUBB3 expression in clinical samples varied, suggesting that TUBB3 has the potential to be a biomarker for selection of anticancer drugs and may be a target for overcoming resistance to eribulin.
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33
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Scotti FM, Mitt VC, Vieira DS, Biz MT, Castro RG, Modolo F. Expression of stem cell markers Nanog and Nestin in lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1209-1216. [PMID: 29761881 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) proteins have been observed in several lesions and are associated with tumor beginning, evolution, and resistance to treatment. OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of NANOG, NESTIN, and β-tubulin in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), actinic cheilitis (AC), and normal epithelium (NE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty cases of LSCC, thirty cases of AC (both analyzed according to the WHO classification and AC according to the binary classification), and twenty cases of NE were submitted to an immunohistochemical study. RESULTS NANOG was more expressed in the nuclei of AC compared to NE (p = 0.007), as well as in high-risk AC cases (p = 0.017) and well-differentiated LSCCs (no significance). There was an accumulation of nuclear NANOG from mild to moderate and severe ACs. NESTIN was significantly less present in NE compared to AC (p = 0.001) and LSCC (p = 0.003). There was a higher expression in severe dysplasia or high-risk AC and well-differentiated LSCC. These results indicate an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the early stages of carcinogenesis. β-tubulin was intensely present in all lesions. CONCLUSION The results suggest an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the biological behavior these diseases, mainly in the transformation from AC to LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Scotti
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Verônica C Mitt
- Multidisciplinary Residence Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Daniella Sc Vieira
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Michelle T Biz
- Morphology Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Renata G Castro
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Filipe Modolo
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Eckerle S, Ringler M, Lecaudey V, Nitschke R, Driever W. Progesterone modulates microtubule dynamics and epiboly progression during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Biol 2018; 434:249-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Trk inhibition reduces cell proliferation and potentiates the effects of chemotherapeutic agents in Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34860-80. [PMID: 27145455 PMCID: PMC5085195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer that may arise from neuronal precursors. Neurotrophins stimulate neuronal devlopment and plasticity. Here, we found that neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as their receptors (TrkA and TrkB, respectively) are expressed in ES tumors. Treatment with TrkA (GW-441756) or TrkB (Ana-12) selective inhibitors decreased ES cell proliferation, and the effect was increased when the two inhibitors were combined. ES cells treated with a pan-Trk inhibitor, K252a, showed changes in morphology, reduced levels of β-III tubulin, and decreased mRNA expression of NGF, BDNF, TrkA and TrkB. Furthermore, combining K252a with subeffective doses of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs resulted in a decrease in ES cell proliferation and colony formation, even in chemoresistant cells. These results indicate that Trk inhibition may be an emerging approach for the treatment of ES.
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Loeser H, Schallenberg S, von Winterfeld M, Tharun L, Alakus H, Hölscher A, Bollschweiler E, Buettner R, Zander T, Quaas A. High protein and mRNA expression levels of TUBB3 (class III ß-tubulin) are associated with aggressive tumor features in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115179-115189. [PMID: 29383151 PMCID: PMC5777763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal adenocarcinomas show an increasing incidence in the Western world and their overall survival remains low. Microtubules are multifunctional cytoskeletal proteins involved in crucial cellular roles, including maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, meiosis, and mitosis. Microtubulus-TUBB3 was found overexpressed in several carcinomas suggesting a significant role in cancer development. High levels of TUBB3 expression were also described to be associated with poor clinical outcome in various cancers. It was shown that overexpression of TUBB3 could be related to reduced efficiency of taxane-based targeting anticancer drugs in several cancer types. Results There is a statistically significant association between high TUBB3 protein and TUBB3 mRNA expression and shortened survival (p<0,0001). Prognostic impact of TUBB3 expression is seen in patients with and without multimodal treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong TUBB3 expression to be an independent prognosis factor. Validation of protein expression by mRNA in situ hybridization underlines the credibility of the immunohistochemical results. Discussion Our study emphasized the significant importance of TUBB3 in esophageal adenocarcinoma. TUBB3 serves as an independent prognostic marker and may be a valuable biomarker for routine application in esophageal adenocarcinoma especially to address the need for adjuvant treatment in individuals following neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. Future prospective studies are needed which include the results of TUBB3 in preoperative biopsy material to proof the prognostic impact of TUBB3. Materials and Methods 280 esophageal adenocarcinomas that underwent primary surgical resection or resection after neoadjuvant therapy were analyzed by mRNA-in-situ-hybridization (RNAscope®) and by immunohistochemistry (TUBB3 rabbit monoclonal antibody; Epitomics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Loeser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnulf Hölscher
- Department of Thorax and Oesophageal Surgery, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Elfriede Bollschweiler
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Zander
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Kong DD, Wang MH, Yang J, Li L, Wang W, Wang SB, Zhou YZ. T-cadherin is associated with prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2975-2981. [PMID: 28928835 PMCID: PMC5588130 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the prognostic impact of T-cadherin expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). On the basis of the results of immunohistochemical analysis, 106 patients with operable TNBC were divided into two groups, the T-cadherin-positive group and T-cadherin-negative group. Fisher's exact and χ2 tests were employed to analyze clinical data, which included the association between T-cadherin expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis. The log-rank test was used to examine the impact of T-cadherin expression on the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) of these patients. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were introduced to analyze DFS and OS. Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (58.3, 52.8 and 47.2, respectively; P=0.018, P=0.017, and P=0.047), tumor size >2 cm, grade II and III (Elston-Ellis modification of Bloom-Richardson grading system), and positive lymph node status were significantly more common in the T-cadherin-negative group compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (80.0 vs. 58.3%, 75.7 vs. 52.8% and 67.1 vs. 47.2%, respectively) (P=0.018, P=0.017, and P=0.047). Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group, 5-year DFS and OS levels were significantly lower in the T-cadherin-negative group (Z=6.233, P=0.013; Z=5.366, P=0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that negative T-cadherin expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.009) and OS (P=0.048). The results of the present study indicated that negative T-cadherin expression indicated a worse prognosis for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Di Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hong Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Jumper N, Hodgkinson T, Paus R, Bayat A. Site-specific gene expression profiling as a novel strategy for unravelling keloid disease pathobiology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172955. [PMID: 28257480 PMCID: PMC5336271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid disease (KD) is a fibroproliferative cutaneous tumour characterised by heterogeneity, excess collagen deposition and aggressive local invasion. Lack of a validated animal model and resistance to a multitude of current therapies has resulted in unsatisfactory clinical outcomes of KD management. In order to address KD from a new perspective, we applied for the first time a site-specific in situ microdissection and gene expression profiling approach, through combined laser capture microdissection and transcriptomic array. The aim here was to analyse the utility of this approach compared with established methods of investigation, including whole tissue biopsy and monolayer cell culture techniques. This study was designed to approach KD from a hypothesis-free and compartment-specific angle, using state-of-the-art microdissection and gene expression profiling technology. We sought to characterise expression differences between specific keloid lesional sites and elucidate potential contributions of significantly dysregulated genes to mechanisms underlying keloid pathobiology, thus informing future explorative research into KD. Here, we highlight the advantages of our in situ microdissection strategy in generating expression data with improved sensitivity and accuracy over traditional methods. This methodological approach supports an active role for the epidermis in the pathogenesis of KD through identification of genes and upstream regulators implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammation and immune modulation. We describe dermal expression patterns crucial to collagen deposition that are associated with TGFβ-mediated signalling, which have not previously been examined in KD. Additionally, this study supports the previously proposed presence of a cancer-like stem cell population in KD and explores the possible contribution of gene dysregulation to the resistance of KD to conventional therapy. Through this innovative in situ microdissection gene profiling approach, we provide better-defined gene signatures of distinct KD regions, thereby addressing KD heterogeneity, facilitating differential diagnosis with other cutaneous fibroses via transcriptional fingerprinting, and highlighting key areas for future KD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Jumper
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T. Hodgkinson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester, and MAHSC, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R. Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and MAHSC, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A. Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and MAHSC, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Pradhan M, Suri C, Choudhary S, Naik PK, Lopus M. Elucidation of the anticancer potential and tubulin isotype-specific interactions of β-sitosterol. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 36:195-208. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1271749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Pradhan
- Experimental Cancer Therapeutics and Chemical Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Charu Suri
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sinjan Choudhary
- Experimental Cancer Therapeutics and Chemical Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Naik
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Manu Lopus
- Experimental Cancer Therapeutics and Chemical Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
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40
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Almeida VR, Vieira IA, Buendia M, Brunetto AT, Gregianin LJ, Brunetto AL, Klamt F, de Farias CB, Abujamra AL, Lopez PLDC, Roesler R. Combined Treatments with a Retinoid Receptor Agonist and Epigenetic Modulators in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7610-7619. [PMID: 27832522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid childhood tumor accounting for around 15% of pediatric cancer deaths and most probably originates from a failure in the development of embryonic neural crest cells. Retinoids can inhibit the proliferation and stimulate differentiation of NB cells. In addition, epigenetic events involving changes in chromatin structure and DNA methylation can mediate the effects of retinoids; hence, the scope of this study is to investigate the use of retinoids and epigenetic drugs in NB cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of retinoid all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) with inhibitors of either histone deacetylases (HDACs) or DNA methyltransferase is more effective in impairing the proliferation of human SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) NB cells than any drug given alone. Treatments also induced differential changes on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of retinoid receptor subtypes and reduced the protein content of c-Myc, the neuronal markers NeuN and β-3 tubulin, and the oncoprotein Bmi1. These results suggest that the combination of retinoids with epigenetic modulators is more effective in reducing NB growth than treatment with single drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Rösner Almeida
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Igor Araujo Vieira
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marienela Buendia
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro J Gregianin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Pediatric Oncology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Klamt
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90420-140, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abujamra
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Univates University Center, Lajeado, RS, 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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