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Jha J, Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Meel R, Lomi N, Bakhshi S, Nag TC, Chosdol K, Sen S, Kashyap S. Prognostic significance of melanogenesis pathway and its association with the ultrastructural characterisation of melanosomes in uveal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2023:bjo-2023-323181. [PMID: 37734767 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigmentation could be a relevant prognostic factor in uveal melanoma (UM) development. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) regulates melanin synthesis by activating tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2) and silver protein (SILV) that induce the melanogenesis pathway. Although their oncogenic potential has been observed in various malignancies but has not been investigated in UM Asian population. Our aim is to study the ultrastructure of melanosomes and the prognostic significance of pigmentation markers such as TYRP2, MITF and SILV in UM. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy was performed to compare the ultrastructure of melanosomes in the normal choroid and UM cases. Immunoexpression of TYRP2, SILV and MITF was analysed in 82 UM samples. The mRNA expression level of all genes was measured in 70 UM cases. A statistical correlation was performed to determine the prognostic significance of all markers. RESULTS Premelanosomes and mature melanosomes undergoing dedifferentiation were observed in high-pigmented UM cases as compared with low-pigmented UM cases. Seventy per cent of UM cases showed high SILV expression while TYRP2 and MITF expression was present in 58% and 56% of cases, respectively. At the mRNA level, upregulation of TYRP2, SILV and MITF markers was seen in around 50% of UM cases, which was statistically significant with high pigmentation. Reduced metastatic-free survival was statistically significant with the MITF protein expression. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that ultrastructural changes in melanosomes and high expression of TYRP2, MITF and SILV could dysregulate the melanogenesis pathway and might be responsible for the aggressive behaviour of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Jha
- Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Lata Singh
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Meel
- Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neiwete Lomi
- Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Qiu C, Martin BK, Welsh IC, Daza RM, Le TM, Huang X, Nichols EK, Taylor ML, Fulton O, O’Day DR, Gomes AR, Ilcisin S, Srivatsan S, Deng X, Disteche CM, Noble WS, Hamazaki N, Moens CB, Kimelman D, Cao J, Schier AF, Spielmann M, Murray SA, Trapnell C, Shendure J. A single-cell transcriptional timelapse of mouse embryonic development, from gastrula to pup. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535726. [PMID: 37066300 PMCID: PMC10104014 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The house mouse, Mus musculus, is an exceptional model system, combining genetic tractability with close homology to human biology. Gestation in mouse development lasts just under three weeks, a period during which its genome orchestrates the astonishing transformation of a single cell zygote into a free-living pup composed of >500 million cells. Towards a global framework for exploring mammalian development, we applied single cell combinatorial indexing (sci-*) to profile the transcriptional states of 12.4 million nuclei from 83 precisely staged embryos spanning late gastrulation (embryonic day 8 or E8) to birth (postnatal day 0 or P0), with 2-hr temporal resolution during somitogenesis, 6-hr resolution through to birth, and 20-min resolution during the immediate postpartum period. From these data (E8 to P0), we annotate dozens of trajectories and hundreds of cell types and perform deeper analyses of the unfolding of the posterior embryo during somitogenesis as well as the ontogenesis of the kidney, mesenchyme, retina, and early neurons. Finally, we leverage the depth and temporal resolution of these whole embryo snapshots, together with other published data, to construct and curate a rooted tree of cell type relationships that spans mouse development from zygote to pup. Throughout this tree, we systematically nominate sets of transcription factors (TFs) and other genes as candidate drivers of the in vivo differentiation of hundreds of mammalian cell types. Remarkably, the most dramatic shifts in transcriptional state are observed in a restricted set of cell types in the hours immediately following birth, and presumably underlie the massive changes in physiology that must accompany the successful transition of a placental mammal to extrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth K. Martin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Riza M. Daza
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Truc-Mai Le
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xingfan Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva K. Nichols
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan L. Taylor
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivia Fulton
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diana R. O’Day
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Saskia Ilcisin
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xinxian Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine M. Disteche
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Stafford Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Hamazaki
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Kimelman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single-cell genomics and Population dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander F. Schier
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and Kiel University, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Liu X, Tian W, Wang L, Zhang L, Liang J, Wang L. Integrated Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA to Reveal Putative Candidate Genes Associated with Backfat Quality in Beijing Black Pig. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223654. [PMID: 36429246 PMCID: PMC9689697 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs' backfat quality has an important impact on the quality of pork and pork products and has a strong relationship with nutrition and sensory characteristics. This study aimed to identify the related candidate genes of backfat quality and to preliminary clarify the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying pig backfat quality phenotypes. Expression assessments of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA profiling in backfat from high-quality (firm and white) and low-quality (soft and yellow) Beijing Black pigs were performed by RNA sequencing. Significantly different expressions were observed in 610 protein-coding genes and 290 lncRNAs between the two groups. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation showed that some candidate differentially expressed genes that participate in lipid-related pathways and pigmentation terms may play a role in backfat quality in pigs. The cis-target and trans-target genes were predicted to explore the regulatory function of lncRNAs, and integrative analyses of different expression lncRNAs targets and different expression genes were performed. The results showed the regulatory networks of lncRNA-mRNA related to backfat quality, and our study obtained strong candidate genes for backfat quality: ELOVL5, SCD, DGAT2, SLC24A5, and TYRP1, which were involved in fat metabolism, adipogenesis regulation, and pigmentation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the molecular genetic mechanisms of backfat quality in pigs, and these findings improve the current understanding of backfat quality mechanisms and provide a foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilong Tian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62818771
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Cipriano M, Schlünder K, Probst C, Linke K, Weiss M, Fischer MJ, Mesch L, Achberger K, Liebau S, Mesquida M, Nicolini V, Schneider A, Giusti AM, Kustermann S, Loskill P. Human immunocompetent choroid-on-chip: a novel tool for studying ocular effects of biological drugs. Commun Biol 2022; 5:52. [PMID: 35027657 PMCID: PMC8758775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the eye leading to visual impairment are a major issue that affects millions of people. On the other side ocular toxicities were described for e.g. molecularly targeted therapies in oncology and may hamper their development. Current ocular model systems feature a number of limitations affecting human-relevance and availability. To find new options for pharmacological treatment and assess mechanisms of toxicity, hence, novel complex model systems that are human-relevant and readily available are urgently required. Here, we report the development of a human immunocompetent Choroid-on-Chip (CoC), a human cell-based in vitro model of the choroid layer of the eye integrating melanocytes and microvascular endothelial cells, covered by a layer of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Immunocompetence is achieved by perfusion of peripheral immune cells. We demonstrate controlled immune cell recruitment into the stromal compartments through a vascular monolayer and in vivo-like cytokine release profiles. To investigate applicability for both efficacy testing of immunosuppressive compounds as well as safety profiling of immunoactivating antibodies, we exposed the CoCs to cyclosporine and tested CD3 bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Cipriano
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schlünder
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Probst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kirstin Linke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Julia Fischer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Mesch
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Achberger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina Mesquida
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anneliese Schneider
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kustermann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Loskill
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
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5
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:660-680. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Liu S, Miyaji M, Hosoya O, Matsuo T. Effect of NK-5962 on Gene Expression Profiling of Retina in a Rat Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413276. [PMID: 34948073 PMCID: PMC8703378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: NK-5962 is a key component of photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film, designated Okayama University type-retinal prosthesis (OUReP™). Previously, we found that NK-5962 solution could reduce the number of apoptotic photoreceptors in the eyes of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats by intravitreal injection under a 12 h light/dark cycle. This study aimed to explore possible molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic effect of NK-5962 in the retina of RCS rats. Methods: RCS rats received intravitreal injections of NK-5962 solution in the left eye at the age of 3 and 4 weeks, before the age of 5 weeks when the speed in the apoptotic degeneration of photoreceptors reaches its peak. The vehicle-treated right eyes served as controls. All rats were housed under a 12 h light/dark cycle, and the retinas were dissected out at the age of 5 weeks for RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis. For the functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the Metascape and DAVID databases were used. Results: In total, 55 up-regulated DEGs, and one down-regulated gene (LYVE1) were found to be common among samples treated with NK-5962. These DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway analyses. We focused on the up-regulated DEGs that were enriched in extracellular matrix organization, extracellular exosome, and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways. These terms and pathways may relate to mechanisms to protect photoreceptor cells. Moreover, our analyses suggest that SERPINF1, which encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), is one of the key regulatory genes involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of NK-5962 in RCS rat retinas. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that photoelectric dye NK-5962 may delay apoptotic death of photoreceptor cells in RCS rats by up-regulating genes related to extracellular matrix organization, extracellular exosome, and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways. Overall, our RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses provide insights in the transcriptome responses in the dystrophic RCS rat retinas that were induced by NK-5962 intravitreal injection and offer potential target genes for developing new therapeutic strategies for patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mary Miyaji
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Osamu Hosoya
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Toshihiko Matsuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Malogolovkin A, Gasanov N, Egorov A, Weener M, Ivanov R, Karabelsky A. Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes. Viruses 2021; 13:1271. [PMID: 34209981 PMCID: PMC8309967 DOI: 10.3390/v13071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became an indispensable tool for the treatment of many malignant tumors. Alongside ICI, the application of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials is demonstrating encouraging outcomes. Dozens of combinations of oncolytic viruses with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely used or studied, but it seems quite complicated to highlight the most effective combinations. Our review summarizes the results of clinical trials evaluating oncolytic viruses with or without genetic alterations in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, cytokines, antigens and other oncolytic viruses as well. This review is focused on the efficacy and safety of virotherapy and the most promising combinations based on the published clinical data, rather than presenting all oncolytic virus variations, which are discussed in comprehensive literature reviews. We briefly revise the research landscape of oncolytic viruses and discuss future perspectives in virus immunotherapy, in order to provide an insight for novel strategies of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Malogolovkin
- Gene Therapy Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (N.G.); (A.E.); (M.W.); (R.I.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Karabelsky
- Gene Therapy Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (N.G.); (A.E.); (M.W.); (R.I.)
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Shi X, Wu J, Lang X, Wang C, Bai Y, Riley DG, Liu L, Ma X. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses provide insights into the skin pigmentation in Minxian black fur sheep (Ovis aries). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11122. [PMID: 33986980 PMCID: PMC8086576 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minxian black fur (MBF) sheep are found in the northwestern parts of China. These sheep have developed several special traits. Skin color is a phenotype subject to strong natural selection and diverse skin colors are likely a consequence of differences in gene regulation. Methods Skin structure, color differences, and gene expression (determined by RNA sequencing) were evaluated the Minxian black fur and Small-tail Han sheep (n = 3 each group), which are both native Chinese sheep breeds. Results Small-tail Han sheep have a thicker skin and dermis than the Minxian black fur sheep (P < 0.01); however, the quantity of melanin granules is greater (P < 0.01) in Minxian black fur sheep with a more extensive distribution in skin tissue and hair follicles. One hundred thirty-three differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with 37 ontological terms and two critical KEGG pathways for pigmentation (“tyrosine metabolism” and “melanogenesis” pathways). Important genes from those pathways with known involvement in pigmentation included OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein (OCA2), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase related protein (TYRP1), melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), and premelanosome protein (PMEL). The results from our histological and transcriptome analyses will form a foundation for additional investigation into the genetic basis and regulation of pigmentation in these sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xia Lang
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Sheep, Goat, and Cattle Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - David Greg Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lishan Liu
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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9
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Jha J, Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Lomi N, Meel R, Chosdol K, Sen S, Bakhshi S, Kashyap S. Association of TYRP1 with hypoxia and its correlation with patient outcome in uveal melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1874-1884. [PMID: 33811629 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular mechanisms of uveal melanoma development in association with high pigmentation are unclear. Tyrosinase Related Protein (TYRP1) is not only one of the important melanogenesis marker that contributes to melanin synthesis, but can also prevents the melanocyte death. The induction of melanogenesis leads to induction of HIF-1α which can affect the behavior of melanoma cells and its surrounding environment. The aim of our study was to determine the expression of TYRP1 and HIF-1α at the protein and RNA level and determine its prognostic significance. METHODS In the present study, the expression of TYRP1 and HIF-1α was investigated on 61 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded choroidal melanoma samples by immunohistochemistry. Fresh 50 samples were validated by real-time PCR. Results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and Kaplan-Meier was performed to determine the prognostic significance. RESULTS High immunoexpression of TYRP1 and HIF-1α was present in 61 and 54% of patients, respectively. Both TYRP1 and HIF-1α correlated well with high pigmentation and BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein-1) loss (p < 0.05) at IHC level as well as transcriptional level. There was reduced metastatic free survival in patients with necrosis and this was statistically significant (p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TYRP1 can be used as a potential biomarker in the development of targeted therapy in UM. Further studies on melanogenesis markers associated with TYRP1 could provide us a better understanding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jha
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - L Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Lomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Meel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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