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1
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Serioli S, Agostini L, Pietrantoni A, Valeri F, Costanza F, Chiloiro S, Buffoli B, Piazza A, Poliani PL, Peris-Celda M, Iavarone F, Gaudino S, Gessi M, Schinzari G, Mattogno PP, Giampietro A, De Marinis L, Pontecorvi A, Fontanella MM, Lauretti L, Rindi G, Olivi A, Bianchi A, Doglietto F. Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15719. [PMID: 37958702 PMCID: PMC10650665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have allowed a more thorough understanding of tumorigenesis in aggressive PitNETs (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors) through the identification of specific essential genes, crucial molecular pathways, regulators, and effects of the tumoral microenvironment. Target therapies have been developed to cure oncology patients refractory to traditional treatments, introducing the concept of precision medicine. Preliminary data on PitNETs are derived from preclinical studies conducted on cell cultures, animal models, and a few case reports or small case series. This study comprehensively reviews the principal pathways involved in aggressive PitNETs, describing the potential target therapies. A search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English papers published between 1 January 2004, and 15 June 2023. 254 were selected, and the topics related to aggressive PitNETs were recorded and discussed in detail: epigenetic aspects, membrane proteins and receptors, metalloprotease, molecular pathways, PPRK, and the immune microenvironment. A comprehensive comprehension of the molecular mechanisms linked to PitNETs' aggressiveness and invasiveness is crucial. Despite promising preliminary findings, additional research and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the indications and effectiveness of target therapies for PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serioli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Agostini
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Federico Valeri
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flavia Costanza
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Chiloiro
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Amedeo Piazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Division, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Peris-Celda
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario IRCCS “A. Gemelli”, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudino
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Institute of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gessi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Mattogno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Giampietro
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura De Marinis
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Rindi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Pituitary Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Doglietto
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (G.S.); (L.D.M.); (A.P.); (L.L.); (G.R.); (A.O.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Wang W, Ma L, Zhao Y, Liu M, Ye W, Li X. Research progress on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in pituitary adenoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1216817. [PMID: 37780610 PMCID: PMC10538627 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1216817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is the third most common central nervous system tumor originating from the anterior pituitary, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The Wnt signaling pathway is a conserved pathway involved in cell proliferation, Self-renewal of stem cells, and cell differentiation. It is related to the occurrence of various tumors, including PA. This article reviews the latest developments in Wnt pathway inhibitors and pathway-targeted drugs. It discusses the possibility of combining Wnt pathway inhibitors with immunotherapy to provide a theoretical basis for the combined treatment of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hosseinkhan N, Honardoost M, Emami Z, Cheraghi S, Hashemi-Madani N, Khamseh ME. A systematic review of molecular alterations in invasive non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Endocrine 2022; 77:500-509. [PMID: 35711030 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) constitute 35% of NFPAs. Despite a relatively large body of molecular investigations on the invasiveness of NFPA, the underlying molecular mechanisms of invasiveness are yet to be determined. Herein, we aimed to provide an overview of gene/microRNA(miRNAs) expression alterations in invasive NFPA. METHODS This article describes a systematic literature review of articles published up to March 23, 2021, on the transcriptional alterations of invasive NFPA. Five digital libraries were searched, and 42 articles in total fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Pathway enrichment was conducted, and protein interactions among the identified deregulated genes were inferred. RESULTS In total 133 gene/protein transcriptional alterations, comprising 87 increased and 46 decreased expressions, were detected in a collective number of 1001 invasive compared with 1007 non-invasive patients with NFPA. Deregulation of CDH1, PTTG1, CCNB1, SNAI1, SLUG, EZR, and PRKACB, which are associated with epidermal-mesenchymal transition (EMT), was identified. Moreover, six members of the angiogenesis pathway, i.e., VEGFA, FLT1, CCND1, CTNNB1, MYC(c-MYC), and PTTG1, were detected. SLC2A1, FLT1, and VEGFA were also recognized in the hypoxia pathway. Physical interactions of CTNNB1 with FLT1, CCND1, and EZR as well as its indirect interactions with VEGFA, MYC, CCNB1, and PCNA indicate the tight interplay between EMT, angiogenesis, and hypoxia pathways in invasive NFPAs. In addition, Hippo, JAK-STAT, MAPK, Wnt, PI3K-Akt, Ras, TGF-b, VEGF, and ErbB were identified as interwoven signaling pathways. CONCLUSION In conclusion, invasive NFPA shares very common deregulated signaling pathways with invasive cancers. A large amount of heterogeneity in the reported deregulations in different studies necessitates the validation of the expressional changes of the suggested biomarkers in a large number of patients with invasive NFPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Hosseinkhan
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Honardoost
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emami
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Cheraghi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Hashemi-Madani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Portovedo S, Neto LV, Soares P, Carvalho DPD, Takiya CM, Miranda-Alves L. Aggressive nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Brain Tumor Pathol 2022; 39:183-199. [PMID: 35725837 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-022-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs) are tumors that are not associated with clinical evidence of hormonal hypersecretion. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are some subtypes of PitNETs that exhibit more aggressive behavior than others. Among the types of potentially aggressive PitNETs, three are nonfunctional: silent sparsely granulated somatotropinomas, silent corticotropinomas, and poorly differentiated PIT-1 lineage tumors. Several biological markers have been investigated in NF-PitNETs. However, there is no single biomarker able to independently predict aggressive behavior in NF-PitNETs. Thus, a more complex and multidisciplinary proposal of a comprehensive definition of aggressive NF-PitNETs is necessary. Here, we suggest a combined and more complete criterion for the NF-PitNETs classification. We propose that aggressiveness is due to a multifactorial combination, and we emphasize the need to include new emerging markers that are involved in the aggressiveness of NF-PitNETs and the need to identify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Portovedo
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco F - Sala F1-015 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-912, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vieira Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco F - Sala F1-015 - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-912, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ghatnatti V, Vastrad B, Patil S, Vastrad C, Kotturshetti I. Identification of potential and novel target genes in pituitary prolactinoma by bioinformatics analysis. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:254-283. [PMID: 33709028 PMCID: PMC7940115 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary prolactinoma is one of the most complicated and fatally pathogenic pituitary adenomas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism that drives the initiation, progression, and metastasis of pituitary prolactinoma. The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and signaling pathways associated with pituitary prolactinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Transcriptome microarray dataset GSE119063 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Limma package in R software was used to screen DEGs. Pathway and Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were conducted to identify the biological role of DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed by using HIPPIE database and Cytoscape software. Module analyses was performed. In addition, a target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network were constructed by using NetworkAnalyst and Cytoscape software. Finally, validation of hub genes by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 989 DEGs were identified, including 461 up regulated genes and 528 down regulated genes. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the retinoate biosynthesis II, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, ALK2 signaling events, vitamin D3 biosynthesis, cell cycle and aurora B signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the sensory organ morphogenesis, extracellular matrix, hormone activity, nuclear division, condensed chromosome and microtubule binding. In the PPI network and modules, SOX2, PRSS45, CLTC, PLK1, B4GALT6, RUNX1 and GTSE1 were considered as hub genes. In the target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network, LINC00598, SOX4, IRX1 and UNC13A were considered as hub genes. Using integrated bioinformatics analysis, we identified candidate genes in pituitary prolactinoma, which might improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pituitary prolactinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Ghatnatti
- Department of Endocrinology, J N Medical College, Belagavi and KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Biochemistry, Basaveshwar College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka 582103, India
| | - Swetha Patil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, J N Medical College, Belagavi and KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karanataka, India
| | - Iranna Kotturshetti
- Department of Ayurveda, Rajiv Gandhi Education Society's Ayurvedic Medical College, Ron 562209, Karanataka, India
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Carrillo-Najar C, Rembao-Bojórquez D, Tena-Suck ML, Zavala-Vega S, Gelista-Herrera N, Ramos-Peek MA, Gómez-Amador JL, Cazares-Raga F, Hernández-Hernández FDLC, Ortiz-Plata A. Comparative Proteomic Study Shows the Expression of Hint-1 in Pituitary Adenomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020330. [PMID: 33671384 PMCID: PMC7922225 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) can be unpredictable and aggressive tumors. No reliable markers of their biological behavior have been found. Here, a proteomic analysis was applied to identify proteins in the expression profile between invasive and non-invasive PAs to search for possible biomarkers. A histopathological and immunohistochemical (adenohypophyseal hormones, Ki-67, p53, CD34, VEGF, Flk1 antibodies) analysis was done; a proteomic map was evaluated in 64 out of 128 tumors. There were 107 (84%) invasive and 21 (16%) non-invasive PAs; 80.5% belonged to III and IV grades of the Hardy–Vezina classification. Invasive PAs (n = 56) showed 105 ± 43 spots; 86 ± 32 spots in non-invasive PAs (n = 8) were observed. The 13 most prominent spots were selected and 11 proteins related to neoplastic process in different types of tumors were identified. Hint1 (Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1) high expression in invasive PA was found (11.8 ± 1.4, p = 0.005), especially at high index (>10; p = 0.0002). High Hint1 expression was found in invasive VEGF positive PA (13.8 ± 2.3, p = 0.005) and in Flk1 positive PA (14.04 ± 2.28, p = 0.006). Hint1 is related to human tumorigenesis by its interaction with signaling pathways and transcription factors. It could be related to invasive behavior in PAs. This is the first report on Hint expression in PAs. More analysis is needed to find out the possible role of Hint in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carrillo-Najar
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Rembao-Bojórquez
- Neuropathology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.-B.); (M.L.T.-S.); (S.Z.-V.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Martha L. Tena-Suck
- Neuropathology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.-B.); (M.L.T.-S.); (S.Z.-V.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Neuropathology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.-B.); (M.L.T.-S.); (S.Z.-V.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Noemí Gelista-Herrera
- Neuropathology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.-B.); (M.L.T.-S.); (S.Z.-V.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Miguel A. Ramos-Peek
- Neurosurgery Division, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (M.A.R.-P.); (J.L.G.-A.)
| | - Juan L. Gómez-Amador
- Neurosurgery Division, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (M.A.R.-P.); (J.L.G.-A.)
| | - Febe Cazares-Raga
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, IPN Avenue 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (F.d.l.C.H.-H.)
| | - Fidel de la Cruz Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, IPN Avenue 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (F.d.l.C.H.-H.)
| | - Alma Ortiz-Plata
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)5606-3822 (ext. 2008)
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van Loon K, Huijbers EJM, Griffioen AW. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2: a key player in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:191-203. [PMID: 33140138 PMCID: PMC7897195 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are glycoproteins containing a so-called frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain. This domain enables them to bind to Wnt ligands or frizzled (FzD) receptors, making potent regulators of Wnt signaling. As Wnt signaling is often altered in cancer, it is not surprising that Wnt regulators such as SFRP proteins are often differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment, both in a metastatic and non-metastatic setting. Indeed, SFRP2 is shown to be specifically upregulated in the tumor vasculature of several types of cancer. Several studies investigated the functional role of SFRP2 in the tumor vasculature, showing that SFRP2 binds to FzD receptors on the surface of tumor endothelial cells. This activates downstream Wnt signaling and which is, thereby, stimulating angiogenesis. Interestingly, not the well-known canonical Wnt signaling pathway, but the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway seems to be a key player in this event. In tumor models, the pro-angiogenic effect of SFRP2 could be counteracted by antibodies targeting SFRP2, without the occurrence of toxicity. Since tumor angiogenesis is an important process in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation, specific tumor endothelial markers such as SFRP2 show great promise as targets for anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the role of SFRP2 in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis, and highlights its potential as anti-angiogenic therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van Loon
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Long Y, Lu M, Cheng T, Zhan X, Zhan X. Multiomics-Based Signaling Pathway Network Alterations in Human Non-functional Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31920959 PMCID: PMC6928143 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) seriously affects hypothanamus-pituitary-target organ axis system, with a series of molecule alterations in the multiple levels of genome, transcriptome, proteome, and post-translational modifications, and those molecules mutually interact in a molecular-network system. Meta analysis coupled with IPA pathway-network program was used to comprehensively analyze nine sets of documented NFPA omics data, including NFPA quantitative transcriptomics data [280 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)], NFPA quantitative proteomics data [50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)], NFPA mapping protein data (218 proteins), NFPA mapping protein nitration data (9 nitroproteins and 3 non-nitrated proteins), invasive NFPA quantitative transriptomics data (346 DEGs), invasive NFPA quantitative proteomics data (57 DEPs), control mapping protein data (1469 proteins), control mapping protein nitration data (8 nitroproteins), and control mapping phosphorylation data (28 phosphoproteins). A total of 62 molecular-networks with 861 hub-molecules and 519 canonical-pathways including 54 cancer-related canonical pathways were revealed. A total of 42 hub-molecule panels and 9 canonical-pathway panels were identified to significantly associate with tumorigenesis. Four important molecular-network systems, including PI3K/AKT, mTOR, Wnt, and ERK/MAPK pathway-systems, were confirmed in NFPAs by PTMScan experiments with altered expression-patterns and phosphorylations. Nineteen high-frequency hub-molecules were also validated in NFPAs with PTMScan experiment with at least 2.5-fold changes in expression or phosphorylation, including ERK, ERK1/2, Jnk, MAPK, Mek, p38 MAPK, AKT, PI3K complex, p85, PKC, FAK, Rac, Shc, HSP90, NFκB Complex, histone H3, AP1, calmodulin, and PLC. Furthermore, mTOR and Wnt pathway-systems were confirmed in NFPAs by immunoaffinity Western blot analysis, with significantly decreased expression of PRAS40 and increased phosphorylation levels of p-PRAS40 (Thr246) in mTOR pathway in NFPAs compared to controls, and with the decreased protein expressions of GSK-3β and GSK-3β, significantly increased phosphorylation levels of p-GSK3α (Ser21) and p-GSK3β (Ser9), and increased expression level of β-catenin in Wnt pathway in NFPAs compared to controls. Those findings provided a comphrensive and large-scale pathway network data for NFPAs, and offer the scientific evidence for insights into the accurate molecular mechanisms of NFPA and discovery of the effective biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaolong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lei C, Jing G, Jichao W, Xiaohui L, Fang Q, Hua G, Yazhou M, Zhang Y. MiR-137's Tumor Suppression on Prolactinomas by Targeting MITF and Modulating Wnt Signaling Pathway. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:6391-6402. [PMID: 31162548 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prolactinomas are the most common functional pituitary adenomas; the aggressive tumors still present challenge to clinicians. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been functionally associated with prolactinomas. OBJECTIVE Here we explored the role of miR-137 on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of prolactinomas and its possible mechanism. RESULTS Low expression of miR-137 was correlated with the invasive behavior of human prolactinomas and predicted high recurrence. MiR-137 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and survivals of MMQ and GH3 cells and reduced tumor volume in F344 rat prolactinomas. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was the direct target of miR-137. In addition, miR-137 mimics could inhibit MITF expression in vivo and in vitro. Upregulation of MITF expression promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and survivals and reversed the antitumor effect of miR-137 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, miR-137 could also upregulate wnt-inhibitory factor-1 and inhibit nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Upregulation of wnt-inhibitory factor-1 with decitabine can enhance the inhibition on cell proliferation of miR-137. A glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor, SB 216763, promoted cell proliferation by upregulation of total/cytoplasmic/nuclear β-catenin and reversed tumor suppression of miR-137 mimics. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that miR-137 possesses a tumor invasive suppressor function with a prognostic value in prolactinomas by targeting MITF and modulating Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Jing
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jichao
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Tianshan District, Urumqi, China
| | - Lou Xiaohui
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Hua
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yazhou
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
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Ren J, Jian F, Jiang H, Sun Y, Pan S, Gu C, Chen X, Wang W, Ning G, Bian L, Sun Q. Decreased expression of SFRP2 promotes development of the pituitary corticotroph adenoma by upregulating Wnt signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1934-1946. [PMID: 29620167 PMCID: PMC5919716 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cushing's disease is primarily caused by pituitary adrenocorticotropin‑secreting adenoma. However, its pathogenesis has remained obscure. In the present study, whole transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA‑Seq) and expression of secreted frizzled‑related protein 2 (SFRP2) was decreased in corticotroph tumors compared with normal pituitary glands. Furthermore, the RNA‑Seq results were validated and the expression of SFRP2 in tumor tissues was analyzed by comparing another cohort of 23 patients with Cushing's disease and 3 normal human pituitary samples using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Clinically, there was an association between lower SFRP2 expression and aggressive adenoma characteristics, including larger size and invasiveness. Conversely, SFRP2 overexpression reduced the ability of AtT20 cells to proliferate and migrate, and reduced production of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone in vitro. Mechanistically, overexpressed SFRP2 reduced the level of β‑catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and decreased Wnt signaling activity in AtT20 cells. Therefore, SFRP2 appears to act as a tumor suppressor in Cushing's disease by regulating the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Sijian Pan
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liuguan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Song T. Effect of miR-106b on Invasiveness of Pituitary Adenoma via PTEN-PI3K/AKT. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1277-1285. [PMID: 28288092 PMCID: PMC5360419 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary adenomas are mostly benign tumors, although certain cases have invasiveness, which might be related with high expression of miR-106b. The PTEN-PI3K/AKT signal pathway is known to be related with cell migration and invasion. Among these, PTEN is the target gene for miR-106b. Whether miR-106b affects invasiveness of pituitary adenoma via PTEN-PI3K/AKT is unclear. Material/Methods Both invasive and non-invasive pituitary adenoma tissue samples were collected from our Neurosurgery Department, in parallel with brain tissues after head contusion surgery. Pituitary adenoma cell line HP75 was cultured in vitro and divided into NC and miR-106b inhibitor groups for measuring cell cycle/proliferation. Malignant growth of cells was measured by agarose gel clonal assay, while cell migration and invasion were reflected by starch assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of PTEN, PI3K/AKT, and MMP-9 was measured. Results MiR-106b was significantly up-regulated in pituitary adenoma but PTEN was down-regulated, especially in invasive tumors. The inhibition of miR-106b remarkably suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of HP75 cells, with major arrest of cell cycles. The inhibition of miR-106b significantly depressed starch healing and invasive potency of cells. A negative targeted regulation existed between miR-106b and PTEN, as the inhibition of miR-106b significantly enhanced PTEN expression, affecting the activity of downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus affecting migration and invasion of pituitary adenoma. Conclusions MiR-106b can affect migration and invasion of pituitary adenoma cells via regulating PTEN and further activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yihang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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