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Fan Y, He S. The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1-17. [PMID: 35018117 PMCID: PMC8740624 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 10-20% of breast cancers with high intrinsic heterogeneity. Its unique immune microenvironment, including high expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and other molecules that promote the growth and migration of tumor cells, has been shown to play a dual role in the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of TNBC. Understanding the TNBC microenvironment is of great significance for the prognosis and treatment of TNBC. In this article, we describe the composition and function of immune cells in the TNBC microenvironment and summarize the major cytokine growth factors and chemokines in the TNBC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the progress of TNBC, cytokine-induced killer cell therapy, and immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
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Wang J, Feng L, Zhang L. Combining cellular immunotherapy was an optional choice for unresectable advanced HCC: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101440. [PMID: 32709504 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of cellular immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was controversial. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of combining cellular immunotherapy with that of incurable treatment alone. METHODS The Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Pubmed were systematically searched due to January 8th 2020. The keywords include "immunotherapy", "HCC" and study type. Treatment response was evaluated and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 19 studies with 1275 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The median complete response rate (CR) was 19% in combining cellular immunotherapy comparing to 9% in the control group (RR=0.55, P=0.003). No significant difference was found in partial response and stable disease (RR=1.06 and 0.78, P>0.05, respectively). The progression disease rate was higher in the non-cellular immunotherapy group (31%) compared to the cellular immunotherapy group (RR=2.20, P=0.002). Patients treating with cellular immunotherapy had a better OS and PFS compared to those without cellular immunotherapy (HR=0.52 and 0.63, P<0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the only CIK infusion therapy and combined DC with CIK perfusion therapy patients had a better OS (HR=0.52 and 0.49, P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that combining use of cellular immunotherapy in advanced HCC could increase the complete response rate, and thereafter extend the progression-free and overall survival rate. Subgroup analysis suggested that combining use of CIK and DC or using CIK alone could provide the benefit in survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003 Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingxin Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003 Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Identification and Functional Analysis of EPOR + Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human Osteosarcoma Lung Metastasis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9374240. [PMID: 32908942 PMCID: PMC7450330 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9374240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue-resident macrophages can be educated to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) by the tumor microenvironment and many types of macrophages express erythropoietic receptor (EPOR); However, little is known about the expression of EPOR on TAMs and the identity of EPOR+ TAMs in osteosarcoma lung metastasis has thus far remained elusive. Methods EPOR-eGFPcre mice were used to determine the expression of EPOR on lung tissue-resident macrophages. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot were examined to define the identity of EPOR+ TAMs in 106 osteosarcoma lung metastasis specimens. Moreover, the clinicopathologic factors and prognosis of patients with CD163+EPOR+ macrophages were compared. Results We found that a subpopulation of mouse lung tissue-resident macrophages express EPOR and EPO enhances the proliferation of EPOR+ macrophages in mouse lung. A subpopulation of CD163+ macrophages expresses EPOR in human osteosarcoma lung metastasis specimens. CD163+EPOR+TAMs increase 2.5 times in human osteosarcoma lung metastasis tissues; CD206, CD163, and PD1, which are known to have a significant role in TAM function had high expression in CD163+EPOR+ TAMs compared with CD163+EPOR- TAMs. Furthermore, CD163+EPOR+ TAMs had higher M2 marker and cytokine expression in osteosarcoma tissues compared with para-osteosarcoma tissues. EPO enhanced the expression of M2 cytokines in primary CD163+EPOR+ TAMs. Importantly, the percentage of CD163+EPOR+ TAMs had a positive linear association with malignant phenotypes as well as poor disease-free survival and overall survival time. Conclusions We have characterized TAMs expressing EPOR and CD163+EPOR+ macrophages as TAMs in osteosarcoma lung metastasis patients, which are highly associated with tumor aggressiveness.
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ApoE-modified liposomes mediate the antitumour effect of survivin promoter-driven HSVtk in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:754-767. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Lu Y, Guo L, Ding G. PD1 + tumor associated macrophages predict poor prognosis of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2019; 15:4019-4030. [PMID: 31612729 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Tumor associated macrophages are the most abundant cancer immune cells. However, little was known about the identity of CD68+PD1+ macrophages as well as the contributions in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods & methods: Immunofluorescence, flowcytometry and RT-PCR were used to analysis PD1+ macrophages in ESCC. Results: CD68+PD1+ macrophages which can express higher M2 markers in cancer tissues, increased about 4.2-times compared with para-cancer tissues. Additionally, PD1high macrophages were significantly correlated with more malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis. PD1 treatment can enhance phagocytosis of cultured macrophages and redirect this macrophage to M1-like phenotype. Conclusion: Thus, our findings overall indicate that CD68+PD1+ macrophages are tumor associated macrophagess in ESCC, which can forecast the prognosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Leiming Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Gaofeng Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
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Cao J, Kong FH, Liu X, Wang XB. Immunotherapy with dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3649-3663. [PMID: 31367163 PMCID: PMC6658393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i27.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been revealed as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The introduction of cell-based immunotherapy, including dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs), has brought HCC patients an effective benefit. However, the efficacy and necessity of cellular immunotherapy after different interventional therapy remains to be further explored. AIM To investigate the efficacy of cellular immunotherapy, involving DCs and CIKs, combined with different conventional treatments of HCC. METHODS We performed a literature search on PubMed and Web of Science up to February 15, 2019. Long-term efficacy (overall survival and recurrence) and short-term adverse effects were investigated to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs. Review Manager 5.3 was used to perform the analysis. RESULTS A total of 22 studies involving 3756 patients selected by eligibility inclusion criteria were forwarded for meta-analysis. Combined with the conventional clinical treatment, immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs was demonstrated to significantly improve overall survival at 6 mo [risk ratio (RR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.13, P = 0.02], 1 year (RR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.07-1.17, P < 0.00001), 3 years (RR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.15-1.31, P < 0.00001) and 5 years (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.15-1.37, P < 0.00001). Recurrence rate was significantly reduced by cellular immunotherapy at 6 mo (RR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.36-0.69, P < 0.0001) and 1 year (RR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.75-0.89, P < 0.00001). Adverse effect assessment addressed that immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs was accepted as a safe, feasible treatment. CONCLUSION Combination immunotherapy with DCs, CIKs and DC/CIK with various routine treatments for HCC was evidently suggested to improve patients' prognosis by increasing overall survival and reducing cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Fan-Hua Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
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Zhao L, Li W, Wang Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Shang Y, Ren X, Gao Q. Survival benefit from RectroNectin-activated cytokine-induced killer cells combined with chemotherapy in advanced EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma. Immunotherapy 2019; 10:501-510. [PMID: 29562855 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy and RectroNectin-activated cytokine-induced killer (R-CIK) cell immunotherapy in patients with advanced EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Using data gathered from a single institution, 125 patients with stage IIIB or IV EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma between January 2009 and June 2015 were identified and enrolled in this retrospective study. RESULTS The disease control rates and median overall survival was better in R-CIK group compared with control group. Multivariate survival analysis showed that R-CIK cell treatment was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSION R-CIK cell immunotherapy may prolong survival of patients with advanced EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Zibing Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yonghao Yang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yiman Shang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Yang B, Lu S, Du Y, Liu H. Adjuvant treatment for triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective study of immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells in 294 patients. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:350-360. [PMID: 31516755 PMCID: PMC6713632 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of a sequential combination of chemotherapy and autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell treatment in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Methods A total of 294 post-surgery TNBC patients participated in the research from January 1, 2009 to January 1, 2015. After adjuvant chemotherapy, autologous CIK cells were introduced in 147 cases (CIK group), while adjuvant chemotherapy alone was used to treat the remaining 147 cases (control group). The major endpoints of the investigation were the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, the side effects of the treatment were evaluated. Results In the CIK group, the DFS and OS intervals of the patients were significantly longer than those of the control group (DFS: P = 0.047; OS: P = 0.007). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage and adjuvant CIK treatment were independent prognostic factors for both DFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.520, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.271-0.998, P = 0.049; HR = 1.449, 95% CI:1.118-1.877, P = 0.005, respectively] and OS (HR=0.414, 95% CI:0.190-0.903, P = 0.027; HR = 1.581, 95% CI:1.204-2.077, P = 0.001, respectively) in patients with TNBC. Additionally, longer DFS and OS intervals were associated with increased number of CIK treatment cycles (DFS: P = 0.020; OS: P = 0.040). The majority of the patients who benefitted from CIK cell therapy were relatively early-stage TNBC patients.
Conclusion Chemotherapy in combination with adjuvant CIK could be used to lower the relapse and metastasis rate, thus effectively extending the survival time of TNBC patients, especially those at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shuaibing Wang
- Oncology Department, China National Petroleum Corporation Central Hospital, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Beibei Yang
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Su Lu
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yiyi Du
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hong Liu
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
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Zhao L, Li T, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Han L, Shang Y, Lin H, Ren X, Gao Q. Clinical value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of prognosis of RetroNectin ®-activated cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Immunotherapy 2018; 11:273-282. [PMID: 30547699 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) and explore the value of NLR as an indicator in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with RetroNectin®-activated cytokine-induced killer (R-CIK) cells. PATIENTS & METHODS Using data gathered from a single center between January 2010 and June 2015, 201 patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC receiving at least four cycles of R-CIK cell therapy were included. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of NLR with TTP and OS. RESULTS The pretreatment NLR was correlated with TTP and OS. Multivariate analysis showed that NLR was an independent factor for survival. CONCLUSION NLR was an independent indicator to predict benefit from R-CIK-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Tiepeng Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Yonghao Yang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | | | - Hongwei Lin
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
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Qiao Y, Yang J, Liu L, Zeng Y, Ma J, Jia J, Zhang L, Li X, Wu P, Wang W, Liu D, Chen H, Zhao Y, Xi H, Wang Y. Successful treatment with pazopanib plus PD-1 inhibitor and RAK cells for advanced primary hepatic angiosarcoma: a case report. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:212. [PMID: 29466964 PMCID: PMC5822655 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-3996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare and aggressive solid tumor, with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. There are no established treatment guidelines for PHA. Case presentation A 78-year-old asymptomatic man with PHA that was successfully treated with pazopanib plus PD-1 inhibitor and RetroNectin-activated killer cells (RAK cells). After one month of treatment, there was a clear reduction in the size and number of the liver metastases; and after nearly 15 months, most of the lesions were stable, no new lesions had developed, and the side effect of treatment was minor. Conclusion Pazopanib, PD-1 inhibitor and RAK cells could serve as a potential option for the treatment of advanced PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiao
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Yang
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Biological Treatment Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Departmnet of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, 510089, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Wu
- The Center of Medical Image Guided Minimally Invasive Therapy, Tumor Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, 510089, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Department of Imaging, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongge Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Zhao
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xi
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Geriatric, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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Efficacy of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Combined with IFN- α in Chinese Resected Stage III Malignant Melanoma. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1092507. [PMID: 28913367 PMCID: PMC5585573 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1092507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) along with interferon-α (IFN-α) to treat stage III malignant melanoma (MM) patients in China. Methods Between May 2010 and October 2014, 77 patients of stage III MM who underwent surgery were collected in this study. These patients were divided into two groups: patients who received TIL + IFN-α ± RetroNectin-activated cytokine-induced killer cells (R-CIK) in Arm 1 (n = 27) and IFN-α ± R-CIK in Arm 2 (n = 50) as adjuvant therapy. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) time and DFS rates measured at time points of 1, 2, and 3 years. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) rates measured at time points of 1, 2, 3, and 5 years as well as OS as evaluated by Kaplan-Meier. Results Our results indicated that the median DFS and OS in Arm 1 were significantly better than those in Arm 2. The data also demonstrated that DFS rate and OS rates in Arm 1 were significantly better than those in Arm 2 at all measured time points. Conclusion Patients who undergo surgical excision of stage III MM appear to enjoy prolonged DFS and OS when treated with TIL + IFN-α compared to IFN-α alone.
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