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Tufail M, Wu C. WNT5A: a double-edged sword in colorectal cancer progression. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108465. [PMID: 37495091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is known to play a crucial role in cancer, and WNT5A is a member of this pathway that binds to the Frizzled (FZD) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor (ROR) family members to activate non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. The WNT5A pathway is involved in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and polarization. In the case of colorectal cancer (CRC), abnormal activation or inhibition of WNT5A signaling can lead to both oncogenic and antitumor effects. Moreover, WNT5A is associated with inflammation, metastasis, and altered metabolism in cancer cells. This article aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms and dual roles of WNT5A in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Shabani S, Elahi E, Bahraniasl M, Babaheidarian P, Sadeghpour A, Majidzadeh T, Talebi A, Mahjoubi F. Multi-stage analysis of FOXM1, PYROXD1, hTERT, PPARA, PIM3, BMI1 and MCTP1 expression patterns in colorectal cancer. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:120-130. [PMID: 35845311 PMCID: PMC9275742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore biomarkers with a tumor stage-dependent expression pattern in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Background The fourth most common cancer in the world is colorectal cancer (CRC). A variation in the gene expression rate is a common change in cancers initiation and the accumulation of these variation changes the behavior of normal cells and turns them into cancer cells. Methods Real-time RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression patterns of the FOXM1, PYROXD1, hTERT, BMI, PPARA, PIM3 and MCTP1 genes in 54 patients with stage I to IV CRC and their relation with clinicopathological features of CRC were analyzed. Results: FOXM1, hTERT and MCTP1 genes are overexpressed in CRC tumor tissues when compared to normal adjacent tissues in all the stages. Results FOXM1, PYROXD1, hTERT, PIM3, BMI1, PPARA and MCTP1 had-stage dependent expression. Investigation of the association between clinicopathological features and expression pattern of the studied genes revealed; a) a significant relationship between FOXM1 gene expression level and tumor stage, tumor size and lymph node involvement, b) a considerable association between alterations in PPARA and PIM3 expression and lymph node involvement, c) a notable correlation between hTERT expression level and the tumor stage and d) a strong correlation between MCTP1 expression and patient's age only. Conclusion Our study indicates that expression profiles of these genes either individually or together can be applied as potential biomarkers for prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shabani
- Department of Clinical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Elahi
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Bahraniasl
- Department of Clinical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Babaheidarian
- Department of Pathology, Hazrate-Rasoule Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghpour
- Department of Pathology, Hazrate-Rasoule Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Majidzadeh
- Department of Clinical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Centre (CRRC), Hazrate-Rasoule Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frouzandeh Mahjoubi
- Department of Clinical Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Laissue P. The forkhead-box family of transcription factors: key molecular players in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30621735 PMCID: PMC6325735 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer worldwide and the fourth most frequent cause of death having an oncological origin. It has been found that transcription factors (TF) dysregulation, leading to the significant expression modifications of genes, is a widely distributed phenomenon regarding human malignant neoplasias. These changes are key determinants regarding tumour’s behaviour as they contribute to cell differentiation/proliferation, migration and metastasis, as well as resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family consists of an evolutionarily conserved group of transcriptional regulators engaged in numerous functions during development and adult life. Their dysfunction has been associated with human diseases. Several FOX gene subgroup transcriptional disturbances, affecting numerous complex molecular cascades, have been linked to a wide range of cancer types highlighting their potential usefulness as molecular biomarkers. At least 14 FOX subgroups have been related to CRC pathogenesis, thereby underlining their role for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment purposes. This manuscript aims to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive review of FOX genes’ roles during CRC pathogenesis. The molecular and functional characteristics of most relevant FOX molecules (FOXO, FOXM1, FOXP3) have been described within the context of CRC biology, including their usefulness regarding diagnosis and prognosis. Potential CRC therapeutics (including genome-editing approaches) involving FOX regulation have also been included. Taken together, the information provided here should enable a better understanding of FOX genes’ function in CRC pathogenesis for basic science researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Laissue
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 N° 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kamibeppu T, Yamasaki K, Nakahara K, Nagai T, Terada N, Tsukino H, Mukai S, Kamoto T. Caveolin-1 and -2 regulate cell motility in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol 2018; 10:135-144. [PMID: 30324095 PMCID: PMC6174915 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s173377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin (Cav)-1 and Cav-2 are cell membrane proteins, which are structural proteins of caveolae and are reported to be positive regulators of cell survival and metastasis in prostate cancer (PC). In a previous study, we reported that elevated levels of Cav-1 and Cav-2 were significantly associated with PC progression. However, their functions in PC have not yet been clarified. In this study, we examined the function of Cav-1 and Cav-2 in PC cell invasiveness and motility. Materials and methods We introduced Cav-1- and Cav-2-specific small interfering into PC3 cells to knock-down (KD) both molecules. We also performed cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, migration assay, and invasion assay using PC3 cells and compared the results between Cav-1-KD, Cav-2-KD, and negative control PC3 cells. In addition, we performed real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RT2 Profiler PCR Array analysis to identify factors influencing migration. Results We observed no significant difference in the proliferative and invasive activities of Cav-1-KD and Cav-2-KD PC3 cells; however, the cell motility was significantly decreased compared with negative control PC3 cells. RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin was downregulated in Cav-1-KD PC3 cells. In addition, PCR array revealed a decreased expression of MGAT5, MMP13, and MYCL in Cav-1-KD PC3 and ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC in Cav-2-KD PC3. Conclusion Cav-1 and Cav-2 may positively contribute to the upregulation of castration-resistant PC cell migration. Cav-induced regulation of several molecules including vimentin, N-cadherin, MGAT5, MMP13, MYCL, ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC may have an important role in PC3 cell motility. However, further examination will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoharu Kamibeppu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Kozue Nakahara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Hiromasa Tsukino
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
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Balci MG, Tayfur M. Loss of E-cadherin expression in recurrent non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4163-4168. [PMID: 31949810 PMCID: PMC6962804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in the urothelial tract. Invasive cancer has a poor prognosis compared to non-invasive cancer, and identifying the cancer type is useful in determining the most appropriate treatment. In this study, the expression ratios of E-cadherin in non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were investigated. The goal of the study was to predict possible invasion in the recurrence of these cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-two recurrent non-invasive cases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were retrospectively analyzed. An immunohistochemical study of E-cadherin was performed of the baseline tissue sections. An evaluation was carried out of the intensity of membranous staining of E-cadherin and the percentage of cells that stained positive. RESULTS Invasive cancer was identified in the recurrence material of 14 of the 72 urothelial carcinomas of the bladder that were originally non-invasive based on the baseline samples. The rate of invasion in the recurrence material was significantly higher in cases in which the loss of E-cadherin expression was observed. CONCLUSION If E-cadherin expression is negative or weak, close clinical follow-up of patients is necessary, even if the initial diagnosis is non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. This is because the rate of invasion in these cases is higher in recurrent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mecdi Gurhan Balci
- Department of Pathology, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mahir Tayfur
- Department of Pathology, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine Erzincan, Turkey
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Torrejón B, Cristóbal I, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Caveolin-1 is Markedly Downregulated in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer. World J Surg 2018; 41:2625-2630. [PMID: 28560511 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 (CAV-1), the main scaffold protein in caveolae, is frequently deregulated in human cancer. Of importance, this protein has been described to show tumor suppressor or oncogenic properties depending on the cell type and the stage of the disease. In fact, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be fully clarified due to discrepancies in the literature. METHODS We analyzed CAV-1 by western blot in a set of early-stage CRC patients with paired tumor tissue and normal colonic mucosa available. CAV-1 mRNA and expression levels of miR-124, 133 and 802 were quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS We found CAV-1 strongly downregulated in 76.2% of tumor samples and associated with the subgroup of elderly patients (p = 0.027). We observed by real-time PCR a lack of correlation between CAV-1 mRNA and protein levels in some cases with CAV-1 downregulated by western blot, and miR-124 deregulation was identified as a potential contributing alteration to decrease CAV-1 protein expression. CONCLUSION CAV-1 is commonly downregulated in patients with primary CRC, which suggests its tumor suppressor role in early stages of this disease. Moreover, based on our findings, the previous discrepancies observed in different studies to date could be due to a complex posttranscriptional CAV-1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Torrejón
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, University Hospital "Fundacion Jimenez Diaz", Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", Avda. Reyes Católicos-2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Yue M, Li S, Yan G, Li C, Kang Z. Paeoniflorin inhibits cell growth and induces cell cycle arrest through inhibition of FoxM1 in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:240-249. [PMID: 29301438 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1407892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) exhibits tumor suppressive functions in a variety of human cancers. However, the function of PF and molecular mechanism in colorectal cancer are elusive. In the present study, we investigated whether PF could exert its antiproliferative activity, anti-migration, and anti-invasive function in colorectal cancer cells. We found that PF inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, we found that PF suppressed cell migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cells. FoxM1 has been reported to play an important oncogenic role in human cancers. We also determine whether PF inhibited the expression of FoxM1, leading to its anti-cancer activity. We found that PF treatment in colorectal cancer cells resulted in down-regulation of FoxM1. The rescue experiments showed that overexpression of FoxM1 abrogated the tumor suppressive function induced by PF treatment. Notably, depletion of FoxM1 promoted the anti-tumor activity of PF in colorectal cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of FoxM1 could participate in the anti-tumor activity of PF in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yue
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Shiquan Li
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Chenyao Li
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Zhenhua Kang
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
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A Proteomics Analysis Reveals 9 Up-Regulated Proteins Associated with Altered Cell Signaling in Colon Cancer Patients. Protein J 2017; 36:513-522. [PMID: 29128960 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in women and third most common cancer in men. Cell signaling alterations in colon cancer, especially in aggressive metastatic tumors, require further investigations. The present study aims to compare the expression pattern of proteins associated with cell signaling in paired tumor and non-tumor samples of patients with colon cancer, as well as to define the cluster of proteins to differentiate patients with non-metastatic (Dukes' grade B) and metastatic (Dukes' grade C&D) colon cancer. Frozen tumor and non-tumor samples were collected after tumor resection from 19 patients with colon cancer. The Panorama™ Antibody Microarray-Cell Signaling kits were used for the analyses. The expression ratios of paired tumor/non-tumor samples were calculated for the each protein. We employed R packages 'samr', 'gplots', 'supclust' (pelora, wilma algorithms), 'glmnet' for the differential expression analysis, supervised clustering and penalized logistic regression. Significance analysis of microarrays revealed 9 significantly up-regulated proteins, including protein kinase C gamma, c-Myc, MDM2, pan cytokeratin, and 1 significantly down-regulated protein (GAP1) in tumoral mucosa. Pan-cytokeratin and APP were up-regulated in tumor versus non-tumor tissue, and were selected in the predictive cluster to discriminate colon cancer type. Higher levels of S-100b and phospho-Tau-pSer199/202 were confirmed as the predictors of non-metastatic colon cancer by all employed regression/clustering methods. Deregulated proteins in colon cancer are involved in oncogenic signal transduction, cell cycle control, and regulation of cytoskeleton/transport. Further studies are needed to validate potential protein markers of colon cancer development and metastatic progression.
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Nandi D, Cheema PS, Jaiswal N, Nag A. FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:74-84. [PMID: 28855104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the biology of cancer, which has led to more comprehensive approaches for global gene expression profiling and genome-wide analysis. This has helped to determine more sophisticated prognostic and predictive signature markers for the prompt diagnosis and precise screening of cancer patients. In the search for novel biomarkers, there has been increased interest in FoxM1, an extensively studied transcription factor that encompasses most of the hallmarks of malignancy. Considering the attractive potential of this multifarious oncogene, FoxM1 has emerged as an important molecule implicated in initiation, development and progression of cancer. Bolstered with the skill to maneuver the proliferation signals, FoxM1 bestows resistance to contemporary anti-cancer therapy as well. This review sheds light on the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that implies that FoxM1 neoplastic functions can be used as a novel predictive, prognostic and therapeutic marker for different cancers. This assessment also highlights the key features of FoxM1 that can be effectively harnessed to establish FoxM1 as a strong biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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