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Al-Maghrabi H, Al-Mansouri Z, Al-Maghrabi J. Survivin expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and short survival in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2024; 17:39-46. [PMID: 38455507 PMCID: PMC10915287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin, a protein belonging to the Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, is the smallest member in terms of size. It works by preventing programmed cell death and regulating the advancement of the cell cycle. Being a part of the group of inhibitors associated with apoptosis, survivin is connected to increased aggression and negative prognosis in different malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pathology tissue blocks of 209 primary tumors, and 44 adenomas, were used in this study, as well as an anti-Survivin antibody. A semiquantitative method was used to score the Survivin expression based on an evaluation of the percentage and intensity of nuclear expression. RESULT Survivin expression was identified in 127 (60.8%) CRC samples and in 14 adenomas (31.8%). There was an association between positive Survivin immunostaining and lymph node metastasis (P: 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P: 0.020), and short overall survival (Log-rank 4.012, P=0.045) and disease-free survival probabilities (Log Rank 4.921, P=0.027). There was no association between Survivin expression and age, gender, tumor location, size, stage, margin status, and tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION Survivin immune expression is associated with worse prognoses in CRC patients. Survivin can be a potential disease biomarker and could be used in management plans for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreJeddah, Saudi Arabi
| | - Zuhoor Al-Mansouri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreJeddah, Saudi Arabi
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreJeddah, Saudi Arabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel Hamed EF, Mostafa NE, Farag SM, Ibrahim MN, Ibrahim BH, Rashed HE, Radwan M, Mohamed SY, El Hendawy R, Fawzy EM. Human protozoa infection and dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: a neglected aspect in a prominent disease. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2709-2718. [PMID: 37710023 PMCID: PMC10567919 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The chance of getting colorectal cancer (CRC) is higher in people with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). The impact of parasitic infections on UC is underappreciated. The purpose of this study was to look into the effect of intestinal protozoal infections on the dysplastic changes generated by UC. The research included 152 adult patients with histologically confirmed UC and 152 healthy controls. Fecal samples were examined for the presence of parasites and fecal calprotectin (FC). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured serum anti-p53 antibodies (p53Abs) and metallothioneins (MTs). The advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured by a spectrophotometric method in all subjects. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 were also measured. In addition, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of intestinal tissue were done. Our results exhibited significant increases in FC and CRP, IL-6, AOPPs, MTs, and p53Abs in ulcerative colitis patients with parasitic infections compared to those without parasites. In contrast, GSH levels showed a significant decrease in the same group compared with other groups. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of intestinal tissue signified severe inflammation and strong expression of PD-L1 in patients with parasitic infections compared to others without parasitic infections. Our research indicated a greater frequency of intestinal protozoa in UC patients with elevated inflammatory and dysplastic biomarker levels. This suggests that these parasites may be involved in the etiology of chronic UC and the associated carcinogenetic process. This is the first report of a link between parasitic infections and dysplastic alterations in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas F Abdel Hamed
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El Kawmia Square, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Nahed E Mostafa
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El Kawmia Square, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Farag
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El Kawmia Square, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Ibrahim
- Clinical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Qurrayat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma H Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hayam E Rashed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mona Radwan
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Salem Y Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ramy El Hendawy
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Fawzy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El Kawmia Square, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
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Farrash WF, Aslam A, Almaimani R, Minshawi F, Almasmoum H, Alsaegh A, Iqbal MS, Tabassum A, Elzubier ME, El-Readi MZ, Mahbub AA, Idris S, Refaat B. Metformin and thymoquinone co-treatment enhance 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by suppressing the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α pathway and increasing oxidative stress in colon cancer cells. Biofactors 2023; 49:831-848. [PMID: 36929658 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), metformin (Met), and/or thymoquinone (TQ) single/dual/triple therapies in the HT29, SW480 and SW620 colon cancer (CRC) cell lines. Cell cycle/apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The gene and protein expression of apoptosis (PCNA/survivin/BAX/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3) and cell cycle (CCND1/CCND3/p21/p27) molecules, the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic pathway, and glycolysis regulatory enzymes were measured by quantitative-PCR and Western blot. Markers of oxidative stress were also measured by colorimetric assays. Although all treatments induced anti-cancer effects related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the triple therapy showed the highest pro-apoptotic actions that coincided with the lowest expression of CCND1/CCND3/PCNA/survivin and the maximal increases in p21/p27/BAX/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3 in all cell lines. The triple therapy also revealed the best suppression of the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α pathway by increasing its endogenous inhibitors (PTEN/AMPKα) in all cell lines. Moreover, the lowest expression of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 with the highest expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase were seen with the triple therapy, which also showed the highest increases in oxidative stress markers (ROS/RNS/MDA/protein carbonyl groups) alongside the lowest antioxidant levels (GSH/CAT) in all cell lines. In conclusion, this is the first study to reveal enhanced anti-cancer effects for metformin/thymoquinone in CRC that were superior to all monotherapies and the other dual therapies. However, the triple therapy approach showed the best tumoricidal actions related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in all cell lines, possibly by enhancing oxidative glycolysis and augmenting oxidative stress through stronger modulation of the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam F Farrash
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Iqbal
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Tabassum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Mahbub AA. 17β-estradiol Enhances 5-Fluorouracil Anti-Cancer Activities in Colon Cancer Cell Lines. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10040062. [PMID: 36412903 PMCID: PMC9680382 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents one of the major constituents of chemotherapy combination regimens in colon cancer (CRC) treatments; however, this regimen is linked with severe adverse effects and chemoresistance. Thus, developing more efficient approaches for CRC is urgently needed to overcome these problems and improve the patient survival rate. Currently, 17β-estradiol (E2) has gained greater attention in colon carcinogenesis, significantly lowering the incidence of CRC in females at reproductive age compared with age-matched males. AIMS This study measured the effects of E2 and/or 5-FU single/dual therapies on cell cycle progression and apoptosis against human HT-29 female and SW480 male primary CRC cells versus their impact on SW620 male metastatic CRC cells. METHODS The HT-29, SW480, and SW620 cells were treated with IC50 of E2 (10 nM) and 5-FU (50 μM), alone or combined (E+F), for 48 h before cell cycle and apoptosis analyses using flow cytometry. RESULTS The data here showed that E2 monotherapy has great potential to arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in all the investigated colon cancer cells, with the most remarkable effects on metastatic cells (SW620). Most importantly, the dual therapy (E+F) has exerted anti-cancer activities in female (HT-29) and male (SW480) primary CRC cells by inducing apoptosis, which was preferentially provoked in the sub-G1 phase. However, the dual treatment showed the smallest effect in SW620 metastatic cells. CONCLUSION this is the first study that demonstrated that the anti-cancer actions of 17β-estradiol and 5-Fluorouracil dual therapy were superior to the monotherapies in female and male primary CRC cells; it is proposed that this treatment strategy could be promising for the early stages of CRC. At the same time, 17β-estradiol monotherapy could be a better approach for treating the metastatic forms of the disease. Nevertheless, additional investigations are still required to determine their precise therapeutic values in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Almaimani RA, Aslam A, Ahmad J, El-Readi MZ, El-Boshy ME, Abdelghany AH, Idris S, Alhadrami M, Althubiti M, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith MM, Elzubeir ME, Eid SY, Refaat B. In Vivo and In Vitro Enhanced Tumoricidal Effects of Metformin, Active Vitamin D 3, and 5-Fluorouracil Triple Therapy against Colon Cancer by Modulating the PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR Network. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1538. [PMID: 35326689 PMCID: PMC8946120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is common during colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. This study measured the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-FU, active vitamin D3 (VD3), and/or metformin single/dual/triple regimens as complementary/alternative therapies. Ninety male mice were divided into: negative and positive (PC) controls, and 5-FU, VD3, Met, 5-FU/VD3, 5-FU/Met, VD3/Met, and 5-FU/VD3/Met groups. Treatments lasted four weeks following CRC induction by azoxymethane. Similar regimens were also applied in the SW480 and SW620 CRC cell lines. The PC mice had abundant tumours, markedly elevated proliferation markers (survivin/CCND1) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and reduced p21/PTEN/cytochrome C/caspase-3 and apoptosis. All therapies reduced tumour numbers, with 5-FU/VD3/Met being the most efficacious regimen. All protocols decreased cell proliferation markers, inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR molecules, and increased proapoptotic molecules with an apoptosis index, and 5-FU/VD3/Met revealed the strongest effects. In vitro, all therapies equally induced G1 phase arrest in SW480 cells, whereas metformin-alone showed maximal SW620 cell numbers in the G0/G1 phase. 5-FU/Met co-therapy also showed the highest apoptotic SW480 cell numbers (13%), whilst 5-FU/VD3/Met disclosed the lowest viable SW620 cell percentages (81%). Moreover, 5-FU/VD3/Met revealed maximal inhibitions of cell cycle inducers (CCND1/CCND3), cell survival (BCL2), and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR molecules alongside the highest expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p21/p27), proapoptotic markers (BAX/cytochrome C/caspase-3), and PTEN in both cell lines. In conclusion, metformin monotherapy was superior to VD3, whereas the 5-FU/Met protocol showed better anticancer effects relative to the other dual therapies. However, the 5-FU/VD3/Met approach displayed the best in vivo and in vitro tumoricidal effects related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, justifiably by enhanced modulations of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Adnan Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelghany H. Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Hussain A. Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mazen M. Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubeir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
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Idris S, Refaat B, Almaimani RA, Ahmed HG, Ahmad J, Alhadrami M, El-Readi MZ, Elzubier ME, Alaufi HAA, Al-Amin B, Alghamdi AA, Bahwerth F, Minshawi F, Kabrah SM, Aslam A. Enhanced in vitro tumoricidal effects of 5-Fluorouracil, thymoquinone, and active vitamin D 3 triple therapy against colon cancer cells by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2022; 296:120442. [PMID: 35245520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study measured the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), calcitriol (VD3), and/or thymoquinone (TQ) single/dual/triple therapies on cell cycle progression, apoptosis, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and oxidative stress against colorectal cancer (CRC). MAIN METHODS The HT29, SW480 and SW620 cell lines were treated with 5-FU (50 μM), VD3 (25 μM), and TQ (75 μM), alone or combined for 12 h, prior to cell cycle/apoptosis analyses. KEY FINDINGS TQ monotherapy had greater anticancer effects to active VD3 or 5-FU, revealing higher expression of p21/p27/PTEN/BAX/Cyto-C/Casp-3 and increased levels of total glutathione, with inhibitions in CCND1/CCND3/BCL-2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecules, alongside higher rates of apoptosis in HT29, SW480 and SW620 cells (P < 0.005 for all markers). Additionally, all combination protocols revealed enhanced modulations of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway, higher expression of p21/p27/PTEN/BAX/Cyto-C/Casp-3, and better anti-oxidant effects, than the monotherapies. Although TQ/5-FU and TQ/VD3 co-therapies were better relative to the VD3/5-FU regimen, the best tumoricidal effects were observed with triple therapy in the HT29 and SW480 cell lines, possibly by boosted attenuations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR oncogenic pathway. In contrast, TQ single treatment was more effective than the triple therapy regimen in metastatic SW620 cells, suggesting that this protocol would be more useful therapeutically in late-stage CRC. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrated enhanced anti-tumorigenic effects for VD3, TQ, and 5-FU triple therapy against CRC cells and could represent the best strategy for treating early stages of malignancy, whereas TQ monotherapy could be a better approach for treating metastatic forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Idris
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain G Ahmed
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A A Alaufi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Anatomic Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriah Al-Amin
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Bahwerth
- Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Reineking W, Schauerte IE, Junginger J, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Sox9, Hopx, and survivin and tuft cell marker DCLK1 expression in normal canine intestine and in intestinal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:415-426. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221079666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium originates from stem cells located at the crypt base. Upregulation of various stem cell markers in intestinal epithelial neoplasms indicates a potential role of stem cells in tumorigenesis. In this study, the immunoreactivity of potential intestinal stem cell markers ( Sry box transcription factor 9 [Sox9], homeodomain-only protein [Hopx], survivin) and tuft cell marker doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) in normal canine intestine and intestinal epithelial neoplasms was investigated. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) small and large intestine as well as intestinal neoplasms (55 colorectal adenomas [CRAs], 17 small intestinal adenocarcinomas [SICs], and 12 colorectal adenocarcinomas [CRCs]) were analyzed immunohistologically. Potential stem cell markers Sox9, Hopx, and survivin were detected in the crypts of normal canine small and large intestine. DCLK1+ tuft cells were present in decreasing numbers along the crypt-villus axis of the jejunum and rarely detectable in large intestine. In canine intestinal epithelial tumors, nuclear Sox9 immunoreactivity was detectable in 84.9% (CRA), 80% (CRC), and 77% of epithelial neoplastic cells (SIC). Hopx and survivin were expressed within cytoplasm and nuclei of neoplastic cells in benign and malignant tumors. DCLK1 showed a cytoplasmic reaction within neoplastic cells. The combined score of Hopx, DCLK1, and survivin varied among the examined cases. Overall, malignant tumors showed lower DCLK1 scores but higher Hopx scores in comparison with benign tumors. For survivin, no differences were detectable. In conclusion, stem cell markers Sox9, Hopx, and survivin were detectable at the crypt base and the immunoreactivity of Sox9, DCLK1, survivin, and Hopx was increased in canine intestinal adenomas and adenocarcinomas compared with normal mucosa.
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Mahbub AA, Aslam A, Elzubier ME, El-Boshy M, Abdelghany AH, Ahmad J, Idris S, Almaimani R, Alsaegh A, El-Readi MZ, Baghdadi MA, Refaat B. Enhanced anti-cancer effects of oestrogen and progesterone co-therapy against colorectal cancer in males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:941834. [PMID: 36263327 PMCID: PMC9574067 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.941834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ovarian sex steroids could have protective roles against colorectal cancer (CRC) in women, little is currently known about their potential anti-tumorigenic effects in men. Hence, this study measured the therapeutic effects of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) against azoxymethane-induced CRC in male mice that were divided into (n = 10 mice/group): negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, E2 (580 µg/Kg/day; five times/week) and P4 (2.9 mg/Kg/day; five times/week) monotherapies, and concurrent (EP) and sequential (E/P) co-therapy groups. Both hormones were injected intraperitoneally to the designated groups for four consecutive weeks. Similar treatment protocols with E2 (10 nM) and/or P4 (20 nM) were also used in the SW480 and SW620 human male CRC cell lines. The PC group showed abundant colonic tumours alongside increased colonic tissue testosterone levels and androgen (AR) and oestrogen (ERα) receptors, whereas E2 and P4 levels with ERβ and progesterone receptor (PGR) decreased significantly compared with the NC group. E2 and P4 monotherapies equally increased ERβ/PGR with p21/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3, reduced testosterone levels, inhibited ERα/AR and CCND1/survivin and promoted apoptosis relative to the PC group. Both co-therapy protocols also revealed better anti-cancer effects with enhanced modulation of colonic sex steroid hormones and their receptors, with E/P the most prominent protocol. In vitro, E/P regimen showed the highest increases in the numbers of SW480 (2.1-fold) and SW620 (3.5-fold) cells in Sub-G1 phase of cell cycle. The E/P co-therapy also disclosed the lowest percentages of viable SW480 cells (2.8-fold), whilst both co-therapy protocols equally showed the greatest SW620 apoptotic cell numbers (5.2-fold) relative to untreated cells. Moreover, both co-therapy regimens revealed maximal inhibitions of cell cycle inducers, cell survival markers, and AR/ERα alongside the highest expression of cell cycle suppressors, pro-apoptotic molecules, and ERβ/PGR in both cell lines. In conclusion, CRC was associated with abnormal levels of colonic sex steroid hormones alongside aberrant protein expression of their receptors. While the anti-cancer effects of E2 and P4 monotherapies were equal, their combination protocols showed boosted tumoricidal actions against CRC in males, possibly by promoting ERβ and PGR-mediated androgen deprivation together with inhibition of ERα-regulated oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A. Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelghany H. Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Baghdadi
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Bassem Refaat, ;
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9
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Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Survivin in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells: Slovakian Population Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090872. [PMID: 34571749 PMCID: PMC8466885 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This retrospective study (Slovakian population study) brings information about immunohistochemical detection of CAIX and survivin in 74 samples of human colorectal adenocarcinoma and comparison their expression with expression in healthy colon tissue. Our results show that all of samples with healthy colon tissue were CAIX and survivin-negative and there is no statistically significant dependence of these proteins and the chosen clinicopathological parameters. These findings demonstrate that detection of these proteins could be useful for tumor diagnostic and prognostic and CAIX and survivin could represent independent negative prognostic markers of colorectal cancer. Abstract The aim of this study was to detect carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and survivin in the colorectal adenocarcinoma cells of the Slovakian population. We used an indirect three-step immunohistochemical method with DAB staining for the localization of the proteins and investigation their expression. We compared their expression with expression in healthy colorectal tissue. In 74 tissues of colorectal adenocarcinomas, 42% showed CAIX positivity and 20% showed survivin positivity. Brown membrane immunostaining was visible in CAIX-positive tumors. Survivin-positive tumors had strong brown cytoplasmic immunostaining. Co-expression of both proteins was present in five specimens (7%). The samples of normal colorectal tissue (without carcinoma) were CAIX-negative and survivin-negative. We also applied the Chi-squared test for evaluation statistically significant association between the expression of proteins and selected clinical and histopathological parameters. We did not find any statistically significant correlations between CAIX or survivin expression and sex of patients, the grade of the tumor, nodal status and presence of metastasis (p > 0.05). The fact that all samples of normal colorectal tissue were CAIX- and survivin-negative could lead to the possibility of using these two proteins as potential tumor diagnostic markers. On the basic of the available publications and data, we suggest that CAIX and survivin could be negative independent prognostic markers of colorectal cancer, which could affect response to therapy.
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10
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Hakim SA, Abou Gabal HH. Diagnostic Utility of BAP1, EZH2 and Survivin in Differentiating Pleural Epithelioid Mesothelioma and Reactive Mesothelial Hyperplasia: Immunohistochemical Study. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:600073. [PMID: 34257556 PMCID: PMC8262140 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epithelioid mesothelioma (EM) is the commonest subtype of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Its histopathological discrimination from reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH) could be challenging. Thus, an immunohistochemical panel is mandatory for better discrimination. BAP1 is a newly identified diagnostic marker whose loss is specific to malignant mesothelioma. EZH2 overexpression is reported in different cancers, but its relation to BAP1 in malignant mesothelioma has not been fully understood. Survivin expression is said to be significantly higher in EM than in non-neoplastic pleural tissue, but its diagnostic utility as an immunohistochemical marker has not been thoroughly investigated in this field. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have been conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the combined use of these three nuclear markers (BAP1, EZH2 and Survivin) in discriminating pleural EM from RMH. Methods: This retrospective study includes two groups: 81 cases of pleural EM and 67 cases of RMH, retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals and Ain-Shams University Specialized Hospital during the period from January 2016 to December 2019. An immunohistochemical study was performed using BAP1, EZH2 and Survivin antibodies. Results: There were highly statistically significant relations between study groups as regards the studied markers (p = 0.001 for each). The specificity was 100% for all combinations of immunohistochemical markers. Sensitivity of any combination of the immunohistochemical markers used in this study was found to be higher than the sensitivity of any of these markers used individually. The combination of all three markers showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (95.9%) and the highest sensitivity (92.6%). However, the combination of Survivin and EZH2 yielded the same diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity. Conclusion: Adding EZH2, Survivin and BAP1 to the diagnostic IHC panel for differentiating pleural EM and RMH could enhance diagnostic sensitivity. Moreover, Survivin is a potentially promising marker in this context, especially when combined with EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adel Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Aslam A, Ahmad J, Baghdadi MA, Idris S, Almaimani R, Alsaegh A, Alhadrami M, Refaat B. Chemopreventive effects of vitamin D 3 and its analogue, paricalcitol, in combination with 5-fluorouracil against colorectal cancer: The role of calcium signalling molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166040. [PMID: 33338596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vitamin D (VD) is chemoprotective and enhances 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer (CRC), little is known about its potential calcium (Ca2+)-mediated anti-tumorigenic actions. Therefore, this study compared between VD and its non-calcaemic analogue, Paricalcitol (Pcal), ± 5-FU in relation to chemoprevention and Ca2+-mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Seventy male mice were distributed to: negative controls, positive controls (PC), VD, Pcal, 5-FU, VD + 5-FU and Pcal+5-FU groups. All groups, except negative, received two consecutive azoxymethane (AOM)-injections (10 mg/Kg/week) for CRC induction. VD3 (1000 IU/kg; three times/week) and Pcal (1.25 μg/kg; three times/week) injections started week-16 post-AOM and for 10 weeks. Three successive 5-FU cycles began at week-21 (50 mg/Kg/week). Similar protocols with VD3, Pcal and/or 5-FU were applied in the HT29 colon cancer cells. RESULTS The PC group had abundant malignant tumours, markedly elevated proliferation markers (survivin/CCND1) and declines in cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitor-1A, pro-apoptotic molecules (p53/BAX/cytochrome_C/caspase-3), tissue Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+-dependent proteins (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA). All monotherapies equally reduced tumour numbers and proliferation markers whilst promoting the anti-tumorigenic molecules. VD and/or 5-FU, but not Pcal monotherapy, enhanced Ca2+ levels and Ca2+-related molecules (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA/BAX/cytochrome_C) in vivo and in vitro. However, VD + 5-FU co-therapy showed the lowest tumour numbers, the highest cell numbers in sub-G1 phase of cell cycle, alongside the most effective modulations of oncogenes, tumour suppressors and Ca2+-related molecules at the gene and protein levels in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS VD3 was superior than Paricalcitol in potentiating 5-FU cytotoxicity, possibly by upregulating several Ca2+-related molecules involved in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Stobiecka M, Ratajczak K, Jakiela S. Toward early cancer detection: Focus on biosensing systems and biosensors for an anti-apoptotic protein survivin and survivin mRNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:58-71. [PMID: 31078841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of biosensors for cancer biomarkers has recently been expanding rapidly, offering promising biomedical applications of these sensors as highly sensitive, selective, and inexpensive bioanalytical tools that can provide alternative methodology to that afforded by the advanced hyphenated-instrumental techniques. In this review, we focus particularly on the detection of a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family, protein survivin (Sur), a ubiquitous re-organizer of the cell life cycle with the ability to inhibit the apoptosis and induce an enhanced proliferation leading to the unimpeded cancer growth and metastasis. Herein, we critically evaluate the progress in the development of novel biosensing systems and biosensors for the detection of two survivin (Sur) biomarkers: the Sur protein and its messenger RNA (Sur mRNA), including immunosensors, electrochemical piezo- and impedance-sensors, electrochemi-luminescence biosensors, genosensors based on oligonucleotide molecular beacons (MBs) with fluorescent or electrochemical transduction, as well as the microfluidic and related analytical platforms based on solution chemistry. The in-situ applications of survivin biomarkers' detection technologies to equip nanocarriers of the controlled drug delivery systems with MB-based fluorescence imaging capability, apoptosis control, and mitigation of the acquired drug resistance are also presented and critically evaluated. Finally, we turn the attention to the application of biosensors for the analysis of Sur biomarkers in exosomes and circulating tumor cells for a non-invasive liquid biopsy. The prospect of a widespread screening for early cancers, based on inexpensive point-of-care testing using biosensors and multiplex biosensor arrays, as a means of reducing the high cancer fatality rate, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of survivin and its correlation with -31G/C gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 52:82-89. [PMID: 30128768 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) placed among the most common neoplasm. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor apoptosis gene family. This gene could be associated with aggressive behavior in numerous types of cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of survivin gene and its correlation with -31G/C polymorphism in CRC patients. This case-control study was performed on 90 cases: 30 adenocarcinoma, 30 adenomatous polyp, and 30 normal colon. Immunohistochemical expression of survivin evaluated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and -31G/C polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results showed that the subjects carrying C/C genotype with 43.3% (p = 0.002' OR = 12.188, CI = 2.530-58.720) and G/C genotype with 43.3% (p = 0.032' OR = 4.432, CI = 1.133-17.341) significantly had increased risk of CRC compared with subjects carrying GG genotype. Allelic frequencies showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) among adenocarcinoma (G = 35%, C = 65%), adenomatous (G = 43.3, C = 56.7), and normal group (G = 68.3, C = 31.7). Immunohistological evaluation showed nuclear survivin protein expression in patients with the CC genotype higher than in patient with the GG and GC genotypes (p = 0.002). The results suggest that C allele of - 31G/C polymorphism in survivin might be cooperative in CRC development.
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14
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Optical Biosensing System for the Detection of Survivin mRNA in Colorectal Cancer Cells Using a Graphene Oxide Carrier-Bound Oligonucleotide Molecular Beacon. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070510. [PMID: 29987217 PMCID: PMC6071027 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic protein survivin is one of the most promising cancer biomarkers owing to its high expression in human cancers and rare occurrence in normal adult tissues. In this work, we have investigated the role of supramolecular interactions between a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet nanocarrier and a survivin molecular beacon (SurMB), functionalized by attaching fluorophore Joe and quencher Dabcyl (SurMB-Joe). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed hydrogen bonding of Joe moiety and Dabcyl to GO carriers that considerably increase the SurMB-GO bonding strength. This was confirmed in experimental work by the reduced fluorescence background in the OFF state, thereby increasing the useful analytical signal range for mRNA detection. A new mechanism of hairpin–hairpin interaction of GO@SurMB with target oligonucleotides has been proposed. A low limit of detection, LOD = 16 nM (S/N = 3), has been achieved for complementary tDNA using GO@SurMB-Joe nanocarriers. We have demonstrated an efficient internalization of SurMB-Joe-loaded GO nanocarriers in malignant SW480 cells. The proposed tunability of the bonding strength in the attached motifs for MBs immobilized on nanocarriers, via structural modifications, should be useful in gene delivery systems to enhance the efficacy of gene retention, cell transfection and genomic material survivability in the cellular environment.
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15
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Ratajczak K, Krazinski BE, Kowalczyk AE, Dworakowska B, Jakiela S, Stobiecka M. Hairpin-Hairpin Molecular Beacon Interactions for Detection of Survivin mRNA in Malignant SW480 Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17028-17039. [PMID: 29687994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers offer unique prospects for the development of cancer diagnostics and therapy. One of such biomarkers, protein survivin (Sur), exhibits strong antiapoptotic and proliferation-enhancing properties and is heavily expressed in multiple cancers. Thus, it can be utilized to provide new modalities for modulating the cell-growth rate, essential for effective cancer treatment. Herein, we have focused on the development of a new survivin-based cancer detection platform for colorectal cancer cells SW480 using a turn-on fluorescence oligonucleotide molecular beacon (MB) probe, encoded to recognize Sur messenger RNA (mRNA). Contrary to the expectations, we have found that both the complementary target oligonucleotide strands as well as the single- and double-mismatch targets, instead of exhibiting the anticipated simple random conformations, preferentially formed secondary structure motifs by folding into small-loop hairpin structures. Such a conformation may interfere with, or even undermine, the biorecognition process. To gain better understanding of the interactions involved, we have replaced the classical Tyagi-Kramer model of interactions between a straight target oligonucleotide strand and a hairpin MB with a new model to account for the hairpin-hairpin interactions as the biorecognition principle. A detailed mechanism of these interactions has been proposed. Furthermore, in experimental work, we have demonstrated an efficient transfection of malignant SW480 cells with SurMB probes containing a fluorophore Joe (SurMB-Joe) using liposomal nanocarriers. The green emission from SurMB-Joe in transfected cancer cells, due to the hybridization of the SurMB-Joe loop with Sur mRNA hairpin target, corroborates Sur overexpression. On the other hand, healthy human-colon epithelial cells CCD 841 CoN show only negligible expression of survivin mRNA. These experiments provide the proof-of-concept for distinguishing between the cancer and normal cells by the proposed hairpin-hairpin interaction method. The single nucleotide polymorphism sensitivity and a low detection limit of 26 nM (S/N = 3σ) for complementary targets have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Biophysics , Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , 159 Nowoursynowska Street , 02776 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Bartlomiej E Krazinski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology , University of Warmia and Mazury , 30 Warszawska Street , 10082 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Anna E Kowalczyk
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology , University of Warmia and Mazury , 30 Warszawska Street , 10082 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Beata Dworakowska
- Department of Biophysics , Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , 159 Nowoursynowska Street , 02776 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Biophysics , Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , 159 Nowoursynowska Street , 02776 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Biophysics , Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , 159 Nowoursynowska Street , 02776 Warsaw , Poland
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16
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Liu C, Xie Y, Sun B, Geng F, Zhang F, Guo Q, Wu H, Yu B, Wu J, Yu X, Kong W, Zhang H. MUC1- and Survivin-based DNA Vaccine Combining Immunoadjuvants CpG and interleukin-2 in a Bicistronic Expression Plasmid Generates Specific Immune Responses and Antitumour Effects in a Murine Colorectal Carcinoma Model. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87:63-72. [PMID: 29193199 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination is a promising cancer treatment due to its safety, but poor immunogenicity limits its application. However, immunoadjuvants, heterogeneous prime-boost strategies and combination with conventional treatments can be used to improve the antitumour immune effects. A CpG motif and interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine are often used as adjuvants. In this study, a DNA vaccine containing a CpG motif was constructed to evaluate its adjuvant effect. The results show that the cytotoxicity of the DNA vaccine was increased fivefold, and survival lifetime was prolonged twofold by the CpG motif adjuvant. To simplify the industrial production process, a bicistronic plasmid was constructed to carry the fusion genes of survivin/MUC1 (MS) and IL-2 and with a CpG motif in its backbone. The results showed that the antitumour effect of the bicistronic vaccine was the same as that of the two vaccine co-injected regime. Furthermore, the vaccine could suppress metastatic tumour foci by 69.1% in colorectal carcinoma-bearing mice. Moreover, the vaccine induced survivin- and MUC1-specific immune responses in splenocytes and induced the immune promoting factor CCL-19 and GM-CSF upregulated, while metastatic-associated factor MMP-9 and immunosuppressing factor PD-L1 downregulated in tumour tissue. When combining the vaccine with the chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin, the survival was prolonged by about 2.5-fold. In conclusion, the DNA vaccine containing a CpG motif in bicistronic form showed good effects on colorectal cancer by inhibiting both tumour growth and metastasis, and combination with oxaliplatin could improve its antitumour effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - B Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - F Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - F Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Q Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - B Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - W Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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