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Meira RDMV, Gomes SLDS, Schaeffer E, Da Silva T, Brito ACDS, Siqueira LM, Inácio JD, Almeida-Amaral EE, Da-Cruz AM, Bezerra-Paiva M, Neves RH, Rodrigues LS, Dutra PML, Costa PRR, da Silva AJM, Da-Silva SAG. Low doses of 3-phenyl-lawsone or meglumine antimoniate delivery by tattooing route are successful in reducing parasite load in cutaneous lesions of Leishmania ( Viannia) braziliensis-infected hamsters. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1025359. [PMID: 36743305 PMCID: PMC9892647 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1025359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic ways adopted for the treatment of leishmaniasis are toxic and expensive including parasite resistance is a growing problem. Given this scenario, it is urgent to explore treatment alternatives for leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3-phenyl-lawsone (3-PL) naphthoquinone on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection, both in vitro and in vivo, using two local routes of administration: subcutaneous (higher dose) and tattoo (lower dose). In vitro 3-PL showed low toxicity for macrophages (CC50 >3200 µM/48h) and activity against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 193 ± 19 µM/48h) and promastigotes (IC50 = 116 ± 26 µM/72h), in which induced increased ROS generation. Additionally, 3-PL up-regulated the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in infected macrophages. However, the anti-amastigote action was independent of nitric oxide production. Treatment of hamsters infected with L. (V.) braziliensis from one week after infection with 3-PL by subcutaneous (25 µg/Kg) or tattooing (2.5 µg/Kg) route, during 3 weeks (3 times/week) or 2 weeks (2 times/week) significantly decreased the parasite load (p<0.001) in the lesion. The reduction of parasite load by 3-PL treatment was comparable to reference drug meglumine antimoniate administered by the same routes (subcutaneous 1mg/Kg and tattoo 0.1mg/Kg). In addition, treatment started from five weeks after infection with 3-PL per tattoo also decreased the parasite load. These results show the anti-leishmanial effect of 3-PL against L. (V.) braziliensis and its efficacy by subcutaneous (higher dose) and tattoo (lower dose) routes. In addition, this study shows that drug delivery by tattooing the lesion allows the use of lower doses than the conventional subcutaneous route, which may support the development of a new therapeutic strategy that can be adopted for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Lins da Silva Gomes
- Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edgar Schaeffer
- Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thayssa Da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Moreira Siqueira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Job Domingos Inácio
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alda Maria Da-Cruz
- Disciplina de Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milla Bezerra-Paiva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Heisler Neves
- Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Amaral Gonçalves Da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,*Correspondence: Silvia Amaral Gonçalves Da-Silva,
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Yawut N, Kaowinn S, Cho IR, Budluang P, Kim S, Kim S, Youn SE, Koh SS, Chung YH. Translocalization of enhanced PKM2 protein into the nucleus induced by cancer upregulated gene 2 confers cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35000669 PMCID: PMC8891619 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mRNA levels of cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2 have been detected in many different tumor tissues using Affymetrix microarray. Oncogenic capability of the CUG2 gene has been further reported. However, the mechanism by which CUG2 overexpression promotes cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes remains unknown. With recent studies showing that pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2) is overexpressed in clinical tissues from gastric, lung, and cervical cancer patients, we hypothesized that PKM2 might play an important role in CSC-like phenotypes caused by CUG2 overexpression. The present study revealed that PKM2 protein levels and translocation of PKM2 into the nucleus were enhanced in CUG2-overexpressing lung carcinoma A549 and immortalized bronchial BEAS-2B cells than in control cells. Ex-pression levels of c-Myc, CyclinD1, and PKM2 were increased in CUG2-overexpressing cells than in control cells. Furthermore, EGFR and ERK inhibitors as well as suppression of Yap1 and NEK2 expression reduced PKM2 protein levels. Interestingly, knockdown of β-catenin expression failed to reduce PKM2 protein levels. Furthermore, reduction of PKM2 expression with its siRNA hindered CSC-like phenotypes such as faster wound heal-ing, aggressive transwell migration, and increased size/number of sphere formation. The introduction of mutant S37A PKM2-green fluorescence protein (GFP) into cells without ability to move to the nucleus did not confer CSC-like phenotypes, whereas forced expression of wild-type PKM2 promoted such phenotypes. Overall, CUG2-induced increase in the expression of nuclear PKM2 contributes to CSC-like phenotypes by upregulating c-Myc and CyclinD1 as a co-activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natpaphan Yawut
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - So Eun Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
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Yawut N, Kaowinn S, Cho IR, Budluang P, Kim S, Kim S, Youn SE, Koh SS, Chung YH. Translocalization of enhanced PKM2 protein into the nucleus induced by cancer upregulated gene 2 confers cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. BMB Rep 2022; 55:98-103. [PMID: 35000669 PMCID: PMC8891619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased mRNA levels of cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2 have been detected in many different tumor tissues using Affymetrix microarray. Oncogenic capability of the CUG2 gene has been further reported. However, the mechanism by which CUG2 overexpression promotes cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes remains unknown. With recent studies showing that pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2) is overexpressed in clinical tissues from gastric, lung, and cervical cancer patients, we hypothesized that PKM2 might play an important role in CSC-like phenotypes caused by CUG2 overexpression. The present study revealed that PKM2 protein levels and translocation of PKM2 into the nucleus were enhanced in CUG2-overexpressing lung carcinoma A549 and immortalized bronchial BEAS-2B cells than in control cells. Expression levels of c-Myc, CyclinD1, and PKM2 were increased in CUG2-overexpressing cells than in control cells. Furthermore, EGFR and ERK inhibitors as well as suppression of Yap1 and NEK2 expression reduced PKM2 protein levels. Interestingly, knockdown of β-catenin expression failed to reduce PKM2 protein levels. Furthermore, reduction of PKM2 expression with its siRNA hindered CSC-like phenotypes such as faster wound healing, aggressive transwell migration, and increased size/number of sphere formation. The introduction of mutant S37A PKM2-green fluorescence protein (GFP) into cells without ability to move to the nucleus did not confer CSC-like phenotypes, whereas forced expression of wild-type PKM2 promoted such phenotypes. Overall, CUG2-induced increase in the expression of nuclear PKM2 contributes to CSC-like phenotypes by upregulating c-Myc and CyclinD1 as a co-activator. [BMB Reports 2022;55(2): 98-103].
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Affiliation(s)
- Natpaphan Yawut
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - So Eun Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
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He X, Du S, Lei T, Li X, Liu Y, Wang H, Tong R, Wang Y. PKM2 in carcinogenesis and oncotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110656-110670. [PMID: 29299177 PMCID: PMC5746412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell metabolism is characterized by abundant glucose consumption and aerobic glycolysis. And pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) plays a decisive role in glycolysis, significantly contributing to the Warburg effect, tumor growth, angiogenesis, cell division, metastasis and apoptosis. To date, researchers have unraveled the potential of pyruvate kinase M2 as an antitumor target, which suggests a new orientation for oncotherapy. Herein, we focus on the role of pyruvate kinase M2 in tumor cell development and its function as a potential new therapeutic target for tumor treatment. Besides, research actuality on pyruvate kinase M2-dependent glycometabolism and signaling pathway in tumors is also summarized, providing valuable suggestions for further study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Suya Du
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
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