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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by phytochemicals: Therapeutic implications in malignancies with an emphasis on brain tumors. Biofactors 2023; 49:782-819. [PMID: 37162294 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the multimechanistic nature of cancers, current chemo- or radiotherapies often fail to eradicate disease pathology, and frequent relapses or resistance to therapies occur. Brain malignancies, particularly glioblastomas, are difficult-to-treat cancers due to their highly malignant and multidimensional biology. Unfortunately, patients suffering from malignant tumors often experience poor prognoses and short survival periods. Thus far, significant efforts have been conducted to discover novel and more effective modalities. To that end, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has attracted tremendous interest since it affects the homeostasis of proteins critically engaged in various cell functions, for example, cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. With their safe and multimodal actions, phytochemicals are among the promising therapeutic tools capable of turning the operation of various UPS elements. The present review, along with an updated outline of the role of UPS dysregulation in multiple cancers, provided a detailed discussion on the impact of phytochemicals on the UPS function in malignancies, especially brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Poonaki E, Kahlert UD, Meuth SG, Gorji A. The role of the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis in CNS disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:275. [PMCID: PMC9675144 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a master modulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells undergo a series of molecular changes and express certain characteristics of mesenchymal cells. ZEB1, in association with other EMT transcription factors, promotes neuroinflammation through changes in the production of inflammatory mediators, the morphology and function of immune cells, and multiple signaling pathways that mediate the inflammatory response. The ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of different CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and neuropathic pain, by promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness, formation of the hostile inflammatory micromilieu surrounding neuronal tissues, dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes, impairment of angiogenesis, and dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. Future studies are needed to elucidate whether the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis could serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic target for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Poonaki
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany ,grid.512981.60000 0004 0612 1380Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Aksoy Yasar FB, Shingu T, Zamler DB, Zaman MF, Chien DL, Zhang Q, Ren J, Hu J. Quaking but not parkin is the major tumor suppressor in 6q deleted region in glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931387. [PMID: 36051438 PMCID: PMC9424994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high-grade, aggressive brain tumor with dismal median survival time of 15 months. Chromosome 6q (Ch6q) is a hotspot of genomic alterations, which is commonly deleted or hyper-methylated in GBM. Two neighboring genes in this region, QKI and PRKN have been appointed as tumor suppressors in GBM. While a genetically modified mouse model (GEMM) of GBM has been successfully generated with Qk deletion in the central nervous system (CNS), in vivo genetic evidence supporting the tumor suppressor function of Prkn has not been established. In the present study, we generated a mouse model with Prkn-null allele and conditional Trp53 and Pten deletions in the neural stem cells (NSCs) and compared the tumorigenicity of this model to our previous GBM model with Qk deletion within the same system. We find that Qk but not Prkn is the potent tumor suppressor in the frequently altered Ch6q region in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Takashi Shingu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel B. Zamler
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mohammad Fayyad Zaman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Derek Lin Chien
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jian Hu,
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4
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Lv D, Gimple RC, Zhong C, Wu Q, Yang K, Prager BC, Godugu B, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Dixit D, Lee D, Shen JZ, Li X, Xie Q, Wang X, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. PDGF signaling inhibits mitophagy in glioblastoma stem cells through N 6-methyladenosine. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1466-1481.e6. [PMID: 35659339 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated growth factor receptor pathways, RNA modifications, and metabolism each promote tumor heterogeneity. Here, we demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling induces N6-methyladenosine (m6A) accumulation in glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) to regulate mitophagy. PDGF ligands stimulate early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription to induce methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) to promote GSC proliferation and self-renewal. Targeting the PDGF-METTL3 axis inhibits mitophagy by regulating m6A modification of optineurin (OPTN). Forced OPTN expression phenocopies PDGF inhibition, and OPTN levels portend longer survival of GBM patients; these results suggest a tumor-suppressive role for OPTN. Pharmacologic targeting of METTL3 augments anti-tumor efficacy of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) and mitophagy inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we define PDGF signaling as an upstream regulator of oncogenic m6A regulation, driving tumor metabolism to promote cancer stem cell maintenance, highlighting PDGF-METTL3-OPTN signaling as a GBM therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jia Z Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiqing Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Song C, Peng J, Wei Y, Shao J, Chen X, Zhang X, Xu J. USP18 promotes tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas via deubiquitinating ZEB1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112884. [PMID: 34743935 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which regulate the stability of most cellular proteins, have been implicated in many human diseases, including cancers. Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18), a member of the DUBs family, functions as a potential tumour promoter in various cancers. However, the biological function and clinical significance of USP18 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) are still unclear. Here, we found that ESCC tumors had higher USP18 expression compared with that of normal esophageal epithelial tissues, and high USP18 level was significantly correlated with malignant phenotype and shorter survival in patients with ESCC. In functional experiments, USP18 knockdown significantly inhibited ESCC invasion and metastasis in vitro. Consistently, a xenograft assay showed that knockdown of USP18 in ESCC cell suppressed their dissemination to lung tissue in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that USP18 promoted ESCC cell metastasis by inducing ZEB1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, our results demonstrated that the oncogenic effect of USP18 in ESCC is partially dependent on ZEB1 enhancement. Mechanistic investigations revealed that USP18 directly bound ZEB1 and decreased its ubiquitination to enhance the protein stability of ZEB1 in ESCC cells. Overall, our data highlighted an essential role of USP18 in ESCC metastasis, suggesting that it could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinhua Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xianglai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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6
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Maksoud S. The Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Glioma: Analysis Emphasizing the Main Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies Identified in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3252-3269. [PMID: 33665742 PMCID: PMC8260465 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas constitute the most frequent tumors of the brain. High-grade gliomas are characterized by a poor prognosis caused by a set of attributes making treatment difficult, such as heterogeneity and cell infiltration. Additionally, there is a subgroup of glioma cells with properties similar to those of stem cells responsible for tumor recurrence after treatment. Since proteasomal degradation regulates multiple cellular processes, any mutation causing disturbances in the function or expression of its elements can lead to various disorders such as cancer. Several studies have focused on protein degradation modulation as a mechanism of glioma control. The ubiquitin proteasome system is the main mechanism of cellular proteolysis that regulates different events, intervening in pathological processes with exacerbating or suppressive effects on diseases. This review analyzes the role of proteasomal degradation in gliomas, emphasizing the elements of this system that modulate different cellular mechanisms in tumors and discussing the potential of distinct compounds controlling brain tumorigenesis through the proteasomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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7
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de Castro EM, Barbosa LV, Ferreira JVA, de Andrade DP, Mello RG, Torres LFB, de Noronha L, Machado-Souza C. Parkin and its molecular associations in gliomas – a systematic review. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-021-00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractParkin, a protein encoded by PRKN, discovered in the context of Parkinson’s disease, controls proteasomal degradation by protein ubiquitination and acts on cell cycle control and mitochondrial homeostasis, among other cellular processes. Parkin has been also implicated in several carcinomas, melanoma and leukemia. In the neoplastic setting, reduced parkin level usually indicates poorer prognosis. Some authors have described the associations between parkin and gliomas. Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the central nervous system, astrocytomas being the most common. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate how parkin behaves in gliomas and the molecular pathways associated in this interaction. A search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO and Scopus and 8 published articles were identified as eligible studies. The studies were categorized in three groups, according to their main emphasis: PRKN mutation patterns detected in gliomas, parkin effects on tumor growth and survival rates, and molecular interactions between parkin and other proteins. The studies showed higher PRKN mutation rates and lower parkin expression in high grade gliomas. Patients with higher parkin expression had better overall survival. Besides, different molecular pathways associated with parkin were described, some of them regarded as potential therapeutic targets.
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8
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Lin T, Wang D, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Wang Y. IL-24 inhibits the malignancy of human glioblastoma cells via destabilization of Zeb1. Biol Chem 2021; 402:839-848. [PMID: 33894112 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal type of primary malignant tumours in the central nervous system. Cytokines such as interleukins (ILs) play an important role in GBM progression. Our present study found that IL-24 is down-regulated in GBM cells. Recombinant IL-24 (rIL-24) can suppress the in vitro migration and invasion of GBM cells while increase its chemo-sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. rIL-24 negatively regulates the expression of Zeb1, one well known transcription factors of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. Over expression of Zeb1 can attenuate IL-24-suppressed malignancy of GBM cells. Mechanistically, IL-24 decreases the protein stability of Zeb1 while has no effect on its mRNA stability. It is due to that IL-24 can increase the expression of FBXO45, which can destabilize Zeb1 in cancer cells. Collectively, we reveal that IL-24 can suppress the malignancy of GBM cells via decreasing the expression of Zeb1. It suggests that targeted activation of IL-24 signals might be a potential therapy approach for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, People's Republic of China
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Perwez A, Wahabi K, Rizvi MA. Parkin: A targetable linchpin in human malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188533. [PMID: 33785381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase has been found to be deregulated in a variety of human cancers. Our current understanding is endowed with strong evidences that Parkin plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of cancer by controlling/interfering with major hallmarks of cancer delineated till today. Consistent with the idea of mitophagy, the existing studies imitates the tumor suppressive potential of Parkin, resolved by its capacity to regulate cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis and overall cellular survival. Dysfunction of Parkin has resulted in the loss of ubiquitination of cell cycle components followed by their accumulation leading to genomic instability, perturbed cell cycle and eventually tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge about the critical role of Parkin in cancer development and progression and have focussed on its therapeutic implications highlighting the diagnostic and prognostic value of Parkin as a biomarker. We earnestly hope that an in-depth knowledge of Parkin will provide a linchpin to target in various cancers that will open a new door of clinical applications and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Perwez
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Khushnuma Wahabi
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Moshahid A Rizvi
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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10
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Scholz N, Kurian KM, Siebzehnrubl FA, Licchesi JDF. Targeting the Ubiquitin System in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574011. [PMID: 33324551 PMCID: PMC7724090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with poor overall outcome and 5-year survival of less than 5%. Treatment has not changed much in the last decade or so, with surgical resection and radio/chemotherapy being the main options. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous and frequently becomes treatment-resistant due to the ability of glioblastoma cells to adopt stem cell states facilitating tumor recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The ubiquitin system, in particular E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes, have emerged as a promising source of novel drug targets. In addition to conventional small molecule drug discovery approaches aimed at modulating enzyme activity, several new and exciting strategies are also being explored. Among these, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) aim to harness the endogenous protein turnover machinery to direct therapeutically relevant targets, including previously considered "undruggable" ones, for proteasomal degradation. PROTAC and other strategies targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system offer new therapeutic avenues which will expand the drug development toolboxes for glioblastoma. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes in the context of glioblastoma and their involvement in core signaling pathways including EGFR, TGF-β, p53 and stemness-related pathways. Finally, we offer new insights into how these ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms could be exploited therapeutically for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Scholz
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A. Siebzehnrubl
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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11
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Mencke P, Hanss Z, Boussaad I, Sugier PE, Elbaz A, Krüger R. Bidirectional Relation Between Parkinson's Disease and Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Neurol 2020; 11:898. [PMID: 32973662 PMCID: PMC7468383 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and Parkinson's disease (PD) define two disease entities that include opposite concepts. Indeed, the involved mechanisms are at different ends of a spectrum related to cell survival - one due to enhanced cellular proliferation and the other due to premature cell death. There is increasing evidence indicating that patients with neurodegenerative diseases like PD have a reduced incidence for most cancers. In support, epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse association between PD and cancer. Both conditions apparently can involve the same set of genes, however, in affected tissues the expression was inversely regulated: genes that are down-regulated in PD were found to be up-regulated in cancer and vice versa, for example p53 or PARK7. When comparing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant brain tumor with poor overall survival, with PD, astrocytes are dysregulated in both diseases in opposite ways. In addition, common genes, that are involved in both diseases and share common key pathways of cell proliferation and metabolism, were shown to be oppositely deregulated in PD and GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of PD- and GBM-associated genes in common pathways that are dysregulated in both conditions. Moreover, we illustrate why the simultaneous study of PD and GBM regarding the role of common pathways may lead to a deeper understanding of these still incurable conditions. Eventually, considering the inverse regulation of certain genes in PD and GBM will help to understand their mechanistic basis, and thus to define novel target-based strategies for causative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mencke
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Zoé Hanss
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexis Elbaz
- Institut de Statistique de l'Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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12
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Wang P, Dai X, Jiang W, Li Y, Wei W. RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:131-144. [PMID: 32442483 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RING-in-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligases are one class of E3 ligases that is characterized by the unique RING-HECT hybrid mechanism to function with E2s to transfer ubiquitin to target proteins for degradation. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that RBR E3 ligases play essential roles in neurodegenerative diseases, infection, inflammation and cancer. Accumulated evidence has revealed that RBR E3 ligases exert their biological functions in various types of cancers by modulating the degradation of tumor promoters or suppressors. Hence, we summarize the differential functions of RBR E3 ligases in a variety of human cancers. In general, ARIH1, RNF14, RNF31, RNF144B, RNF216, and RBCK1 exhibit primarily oncogenic roles, whereas ARIH2, PARC and PARK2 mainly have tumor suppressive functions. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which different RBR E3 ligases are involved in tumorigenesis and progression are also described. We discuss the further investigation is required to comprehensively understand the critical role of RBR E3 ligases in carcinogenesis. We hope our review can stimulate the researchers to deeper explore the mechanism of RBR E3 ligases-mediated carcinogenesis and to develop useful inhibitors of these oncogenic E3 ligases for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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The multiverse nature of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Lou S, Xu J, Wang B, Li S, Ren J, Hu Z, Xu B, Luo F. Downregulation of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 by oridonin inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:814-825. [PMID: 31314060 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AFAP1-AS1 in pancreatic cancer is negatively correlated with survival and prognosis. However, the effects of oridonin and lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of pancreatic cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. Surgery is the only potentially curative method for pancreatic cancer, but postoperative recurrence and metastasis are common. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of oridonin and lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 silencing on pancreatic cancer cells. The pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were transfected with siAFAP1-AS1 and its negative control (siNC). After that, oridonin was used to treat the siAFAP1-AS1-transfected cells. The expression of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 was downregulated in the pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1. The apoptosis and cell cycle progression of pancreatic cancer cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Metastasis and invasion of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were detected by transwell migration assay, real-time cell analysis, and western blot analysis. Cells were transfected with the lentiviral siAFAP1-AS1 and siNC, and tumorigenesis was evaluated in BALB/C nude mice. Immunohistochemical examination was used to verify the effects of oridonin and siAFAP1-AS1 on pancreatic cancer. The results demonstrated that the combination of oridonin and siAFAP1-AS1 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, arrested cell cycle progression, prevented the migration, regulated EMT-related protein expression in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, and inhibited pancreatic cancer cell tumorigenicity and EMT in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bili Wang
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjun Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Li H, Li J, Chen L, Qi S, Yu S, Weng Z, Hu Z, Zhou Q, Xin Z, Shi L, Ma L, Huang A, Lu Y. HERC3-Mediated SMAD7 Ubiquitination Degradation Promotes Autophagy-Induced EMT and Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3602-3616. [PMID: 30862693 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma, a common malignant intracranial tumor, has the most dismal prognosis. Autophagy was reported to act as a survival-promoting mechanism in gliomas by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we determined the critical molecules involved in autophagy-induced EMT and elucidated the possible mechanism of chemoradiotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to identify the critical proteins and pathway mediating EMT via autophagy inducer treatment, and tested the expression of these proteins using tissue microarray of gliomas and clinical glioblastoma samples as well as tissues and cells separated from the core lesion and tumor-peripheral region. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and 110 glioblastoma cases revealed the prognostic value of these molecules. The functional role of these critical molecules was further confirmed by in vitro experiments and intracranial xenograft in nude mice. RESULTS Autophagy inducers significantly upregulated the expression of HERC3, which promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SMAD7 in an autolysosome-dependent manner. The corresponding increase in p-SMAD2/3 level and TGFβ pathway activation finally induced EMT in cell lines and primary glioblastoma cells. Moreover, HERC3 overexpression was observed in pseudo-palisade cells surrounding tumor necrosis and in tumor-adjacent tissue; high HERC3 and low SMAD7 levels predicted poor clinical outcome in glioblastoma; xenograft of nude mice and in vitro experiments confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings reveal the indispensable role of HERC3 in regulating canonical SMAD2/3-dependent TGFβ pathway involvement in autophagy-induced EMT, providing insights toward a better understanding of the mechanism of resistance to temozolomide and peripheral recurrence of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishi Yu
- Editorial Department of the Journal of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyou Hu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Annie Huang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuntao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
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