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Tumor-Promoting ATAD2 and Its Preclinical Challenges. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081040. [PMID: 36008934 PMCID: PMC9405547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ATAD2 has received extensive attention in recent years as one prospective oncogene with tumor-promoting features in many malignancies. ATAD2 is a highly conserved bromodomain family protein that exerts its biological functions by mainly AAA ATPase and bromodomain. ATAD2 acts as an epigenetic decoder and transcription factor or co-activator, which is engaged in cellular activities, such as transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and protein modification. ATAD2 has been reported to be highly expressed in a variety of human malignancies, including gastrointestinal malignancies, reproductive malignancies, urological malignancies, lung cancer, and other types of malignancies. ATAD2 is involved in the activation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and is closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis, but the oncogenic mechanisms vary in different cancer types. Moreover, the direct targeting of ATAD2’s bromodomain may be a very challenging task. In this review, we summarized the role of ATAD2 in various types of malignancies and pointed out the pharmacological direction.
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Zhu T, Han J, Yang L, Cai Z, Sun W, Hua Y, Xu J. Immune Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma: Components, Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907550. [PMID: 35720360 PMCID: PMC9198725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that tends to threaten children and adolescents, and the 5-year event-free survival rate has not improved significantly in the past three decades, bringing grief and economic burden to patients and society. To date, the genetic background and oncogenesis mechanisms of osteosarcoma remain unclear, impeding further research. The tumor immune microenvironment has become a recent research hot spot, providing novel but valuable insight into tumor heterogeneity and multifaceted mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis. However, the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma has been vigorously discussed, and the landscape of immune and non-immune component infiltration has been intensively investigated. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the classification, features, and functions of the main infiltrating cells, complement system, and exosomes in the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment. In each section, we also highlight the complex crosstalk network among them and the corresponding potential therapeutic strategies and clinical applications to deepen our understanding of osteosarcoma and provide a reference for imminent effective therapies with reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
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Chen J, Liu W, Du J, Wang P, Wang J, Ye K. Comprehensive Genomic and Epigenomic Analyses on Transcriptomic Regulation in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 12:778095. [PMID: 35222516 PMCID: PMC8873582 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.778095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation (MET)–mediated transcriptomic disturbance and copy number variations (CNVs) exert a significant influence in stimulating the heterogeneous progression of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Nevertheless, the relation of DNA MET with CNVs, together with its impact on tumor occurrence, is still unclear.Methods: The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (EXP) profiles, DNA MET, and DNA copy numbers, together with STAD mutation data, were collected from the TCGA official data portal. We employed circular binary segmentation algorithm in “DNAcopy.” library of R package for mapping DNA CNV data at genetic level for all samples based on the segmented CNV data. Stable clusters of samples were recognized using negative matrix factorization cluster analysis based on 50 iterations and the “brunet” method using the MET-correlated (METcor) and CNV-correlated (CNVcor) genes. The R package “iCluster” method was utilized to comprehensively analyze the EXP, MET, and DNA CNV profiles.Results: A total of 313 STAD samples were isolated for checking DNA copy numbers and MET and for measuring EXP. In accordance with our results, we discovered obvious co-regulation of CNVcor genes and METcor counterparts. Apart from that, these genes were subject to multi-omics integration. Meanwhile, three subtypes of STAD were detected and confirmed based on independent data. Among them, the subtype with increased aggressiveness was related to decreased mutation frequencies of ARID1A, PIK3CA, ZFHX3, SPECC1, OBSCN, KMT2D, FSIP2, ZBTB20, TTN, and RANBP2, together with the abnormal levels of JPH3, KCNB1, and PLCXD3.Conclusion: According to the results, these aforementioned genes exerted crucial roles in the development of invasive STAD. Our findings on transcriptomic regulation genomically and epigenetically facilitate the understanding of the STAD pathology from different aspects, which help to develop efficient anti-STAD therapy.
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Song W, Chen J, Li S, Li D, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Yu W, He B, Zhang W, Li L. Rho GTPase Activating Protein 9 (ARHGAP9) in Human Cancers. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:55-65. [PMID: 34365932 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210806155754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, targeted therapy combined with traditional chemoradiotherapy and surgery has brought new opportunities for cancer treatment. However, the complex characteristics of cancer, such as heterogeneity and diversity, limit the clinical success of targeted drugs. The discovery of new cancer targets and deepening the understanding of their functional mechanisms will bring additional promising application prospects for the research and development of personalized cancer-targeted drugs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to summarize the role of the Rho GTPase activating protein 9 (ARHGAP9) gene in tumorigenesis and development to discover therapeutic targets for cancer in the future. METHODS For this review, we collected patents from the databases of Espacenet and WIPO and articles from PubMed that were related to the ARHGAP9 gene. RESULTS Genetic/epigenetic variations and abnormal expression of the ARHGAP9 gene are closely associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. ARHGAP9 can inactivate Rho GTPases by hydrolyzing GTP into GDP and regulate cancer cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, by inhibiting JNK/ERK/p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In addition to reviewing these mechanisms, we assessed various patents on ARHGAP9 to determine whether ARHGAP9 might be used as a predictive biomarker for diagnosis/prognosis evaluation and a druggable target for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION In this review, the current knowledge of ARHGAP9 in cancer is summarized with an emphasis on its molecular function, regulatory mechanism and disease implications. Its characterization is crucial to understanding its important roles during different stages of cancer progression and therapy as a predictive biomarker and/or target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Shuolei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Yongna Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Hanqiong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Weijiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Baoxia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No.127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008. China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050. China
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Niu J, Yan T, Guo W, Wang W, Zhao Z, Ren T, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liang X. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Osteosarcoma Using Bioinformatics Strategy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1628. [PMID: 32974202 PMCID: PMC7471873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most aggressive malignant bone tumors worldwide. Although great advancements have been made in its treatment owing to the advent of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the problem of lung metastasis is a major obstacle in the improvement of survival outcomes. Thus, the aim of the present study is to screen novel and key biomarkers, which may act as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma. We utilized the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to integrate three osteosarcoma microarray datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and we identified the robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between primary and metastatic osteosarcoma tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore the functions of robust DEGs. The results of enrichment analysis showed that the robust DEGs were closely associated with osteosarcoma development and progression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was also conducted by CIBERSORT algorithm, and we found that macrophages are the most principal infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma, especially macrophages M0 and M2. Then, the protein–protein interaction network and key modules were constructed by Cytoscape, and 10 hub genes were selected by plugin cytoHubba from the whole network. The survival analysis of hub genes was also carried out based on the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. The integrated bioinformatics analysis was utilized to provide new insight into osteosarcoma development and metastasis and identified EGR1, CXCL10, MYC, and CXCR4 as potential biomarkers for prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Niu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Yu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chen W, Cheng P, Jiang J, Ren Y, Wu D, Xue D. Epigenomic and genomic analysis of transcriptome modulation in skin cutaneous melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12703-12725. [PMID: 32639949 PMCID: PMC7377867 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is characterized by both epigenetic DNA methylation (MET) abnormalities and genomic copy number variations (CNVs). The resulting transcriptome dysregulation promotes progression of many cancers. In this study, DNA copy numbers and MET, as well as mRNA expression, were examined in 466 SKCM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our results indicate that CNVs-correlated (CNVcor) genes and MET-correlated (METcor) genes are coregulated to a remarkable degree. In addition, integrative multi-omics analysis of both METcor and CNVcor genes revealed four SKCM subtypes with differing prognoses; these subtypes were validated with independent data. Immune cell scores were markedly elevated in the iC1 subtype, which had the best prognosis. Immune cell infiltration correlated with DNA MET or CNV level in SKCM. In the iC3 subtype, which was associated with the most aggressive SKCM cases, FAM135B gene mutation frequencies were increased, while CD8A, GBP5, KIAA0040, and SAMHD1 expression were downregulated, suggesting that these genes play important roles in cancer development and immune responses. Taken together, the results of our epigenetic and genomic transcriptome modulation analysis improve our understanding of SKCM pathobiology and may aid in the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Ren
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Higuchi T, Sugisawa N, Yamamoto J, Oshiro H, Han Q, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Tan Y, Kuchipudi S, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. The combination of oral-recombinant methioninase and azacitidine arrests a chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 85:285-291. [PMID: 31705268 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancers are methionine (MET) and methylation addicted, causing them to be highly sensitive to MET restriction. The present study determined the efficacy of restricting MET with oral-recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) and the DNA methylation inhibitor, azacitidine (AZA) on a chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. METHODS The osteosarcoma PDOX models were randomized into five treatment groups of six mice: control; doxorubicin (DOX) alone; AZA alone; o-rMETase alone; o-rMETase-AZA combination. Tumor size and body weight were measured during the 14 days of treatment. RESULTS We found that tumor growth was arrested only by the o-rMETase-AZA combination treatment, as tumors with this treatment exhibited tumor necrosis with degenerative change. CONCLUSION This study suggests that o-rMETase-AZA combination has clinical potential for patients with chemoresistant osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qinghong Han
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yuying Tan
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
| | - Shreya Kuchipudi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc, 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Xu W, Jiang D, Huang L, Li L. High Expression of PQBP1 and Low Expression of PCK2 are Associated with Metastasis and Recurrence of Osteosarcoma and Unfavorable Survival Outcomes of the Patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:2091-2101. [PMID: 31205570 PMCID: PMC6548156 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy, predominately affecting children and adolescents. Due to the introduction of chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate of OS patients has dramatically improved to 60-70%. Unfortunately, OS patients with recurrence or metastatic disease have less than a 20% chance of long-term survival, despite aggressive therapies. In this study, we aimed to identify gene expression patterns associated with metastasis and recurrence in order to identify potential biomarkers with prognostic power. We found that high expression of polyglutamine tract-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) and low expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) were related to a high probability of recurrence and metastasis in OS patients and also predicted shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) after adjustment for other clinical variables. Prediction models based on the combination of PQBP1 and PCK2 expression had good and robust predictive power for recurrence and metastasis. A PQBP1 and PCK2-centered protein interaction network was built, and the hypothetical regulatory path between them was identified and termed the PQBP1-SF3A2-UBA52-PCK2 axis. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that aberrations of metabolism might play an important role in recurrence and metastasis in OS patients. Accordingly, PQBP1 and PCK2 are crucial for recurrence and metastasis in OS, and these findings provide a molecular basis for the exploitation of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for overcoming recurrence and metastasis in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haiyue Zhao
- Center of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dinghua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lisong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
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