1
|
Ding H, Yan L, Wang Y, Lu Y, Deng M, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhou X. Astaxanthin attenuates cigarette smoke-induced small airway remodeling via the AKT1 signaling pathway. Respir Res 2024; 25:148. [PMID: 38555458 PMCID: PMC10981815 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin (AXT) is a keto-carotenoid with a variety of biological functions, including antioxidant and antifibrotic effects. Small airway remodeling is the main pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is caused by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast differentiation and proliferation. Effective therapies are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the role of AXT in small airway remodeling in COPD and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS First, the model of COPD mice was established by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure combined with intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The effects of AXT on the morphology of CS combined with CSE -induced emphysema, EMT, and small airway remodeling by using Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot. In addition, in vitro experiments, the effects of AXT on CSE induced-EMT and fibroblast function were further explored. Next, to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the protective effects of AXT in COPD, potential targets of AXT in COPD were analyzed using network pharmacology. Finally, the possible mechanism was verified through molecular docking and in vitro experiments. RESULTS AXT alleviated pulmonary emphysema, EMT, and small airway remodeling in a CS combined with CSE -induced mouse model. In addition, AXT inhibited the EMT process in airway cells and the differentiation and proliferation of fibroblasts. Mechanistically, AXT inhibited myofibroblast activation by directly binding to and suppressing the phosphorylation of AKT1. Therefore, our results show that AXT protects against small airway remodeling by inhibiting AKT1. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified and illustrated a new food function of AXT, indicating that AXT could be used in the therapy of COPD-induced small airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Liming Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo Z, Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Zou R, Sethi G, Zhang X. Molecular profile of metastasis, cell plasticity and EMT in pancreatic cancer: a pre-clinical connection to aggressiveness and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:29-53. [PMID: 37453022 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis is a multistep process in which a small proportion of cancer cells are detached from the colony to enter into blood cells for obtaining a new place for metastasis and proliferation. The metastasis and cell plasticity are considered major causes of cancer-related deaths since they improve the malignancy of cancer cells and provide poor prognosis for patients. Furthermore, enhancement in the aggressiveness of cancer cells has been related to the development of drug resistance. Metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells has been considered one of the major causes of death in patients and their undesirable prognosis. PC is among the most malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and in addition to lifestyle, smoking, and other factors, genomic changes play a key role in its progression. The stimulation of EMT in PC cells occurs as a result of changes in molecular interaction, and in addition to increasing metastasis, EMT participates in the development of chemoresistance. The epithelial, mesenchymal, and acinar cell plasticity can occur and determines the progression of PC. The major molecular pathways including STAT3, PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt participate in regulating the metastasis of PC cells. The communication in tumor microenvironment can provide by exosomes in determining PC metastasis. The components of tumor microenvironment including macrophages, neutrophils, and cancer-associated fibroblasts can modulate PC progression and the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, 128 Jinling Road, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan J, Wang W, Liu X, Xu J, Che Y, Liu Y, Hu J, Hu L, Li J, Zhou Q. C11orf54 promotes DNA repair via blocking CMA-mediated degradation of HIF1A. Commun Biol 2023; 6:606. [PMID: 37277441 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
C11orf54 is an ester hydrolase highly conserved across different species. C11orf54 has been identified as a biomarker protein of renal cancers, but its exact function remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that C11orf54 knockdown decreases cell proliferation and enhances cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. On the one hand, loss of C11orf54 reduces Rad51 expression and nuclear accumulation, which results in suppression of homologous recombination repair. On the other hand, C11orf54 and HIF1A competitively interact with HSC70, knockdown of C11orf54 promotes HSC70 binding to HIF1A to target it for degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). C11orf54 knockdown-mediated HIF1A degradation reduces the transcription of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2), which is a rate-limiting RNR enzyme for DNA synthesis and DNA repair by producing dNTPs. Supplement of dNTPs can partially rescue C11orf54 knockdown-mediated DNA damage and cell death. Furthermore, we find that Bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of both macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, shows similar rescue effects as dNTP treatment. In summary, we uncover a role of C11orf54 in regulating DNA damage and repair through CMA-mediated decreasing of HIF1A/RRM2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Tan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Xu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Che
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqiao Hu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liubing Hu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, 523573, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Clinical diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer: Markers, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6827-6845. [PMID: 36632312 PMCID: PMC9827589 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third-leading cause of cancer deaths. The overall 5-year survival rate of PC is 9%, and this rate for metastatic PC is below 3%. However, the PC-induced death cases will increase about 2-fold by 2060. Many factors such as genetic and environmental factors and metabolic diseases can drive PC development and progression. The most common type of PC in the clinic is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, comprising approximately 90% of PC cases. Multiple pathogenic processes including but not limited to inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and proliferation of cancer stem cells are involved in the initiation and progression of PC. Early diagnosis is essential for curable therapy, for which a combined panel of serum markers is very helpful. Although some mono or combined therapies have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for PC treatment, current therapies have not shown promising outcomes. Fortunately, the development of novel immunotherapies, such as oncolytic viruses-mediated treatments and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, combined with therapies such as neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery, and advanced delivery systems of immunotherapy will improve therapeutic outcomes and combat drug resistance in PC patients. Herein, the pathogenesis, molecular signaling pathways, diagnostic markers, prognosis, and potential treatments in completed, ongoing, and recruiting clinical trials for PC were reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vrânceanu M, Galimberti D, Banc R, Dragoş O, Cozma-Petruţ A, Hegheş SC, Voştinaru O, Cuciureanu M, Stroia CM, Miere D, Filip L. The Anticancer Potential of Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals via the Modulation of Gene Expression. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192524. [PMID: 36235389 PMCID: PMC9571524 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current studies show that approximately one-third of all cancer-related deaths are linked to diet and several cancer forms are preventable with balanced nutrition, due to dietary compounds being able to reverse epigenetic abnormalities. An appropriate diet in cancer patients can lead to changes in gene expression and enhance the efficacy of therapy. It has been demonstrated that nutraceuticals can act as powerful antioxidants at the cellular level as well as anticarcinogenic agents. This review is focused on the best studies on worldwide-available plant-derived nutraceuticals: curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, quercetin, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and lycopene. These compounds have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes such as histone modification via HDAC (histone deacetylase), HAT (histone acetyltransferase) inhibition, DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) inhibition, and non-coding RNA expression. All of these nutraceuticals are reported to positively modulate the epigenome, reducing cancer incidence. Furthermore, the current review addresses the issue of the low bioavailability of nutraceuticals and how to overcome the drawbacks related to their oral administration. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutraceuticals influence gene expression will allow their incorporation into an “epigenetic diet” that could be further capitalized on in the therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrânceanu
- Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Damiano Galimberti
- Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Via Monte Cristallo, 1, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Ovidiu Dragoş
- Department of Kinetotheraphy and Special Motricity, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Drug Analysis, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oliviu Voştinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 16 Universităţii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Department of Pharmacy, Oradea University, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Astaxanthin decreases the growth-inhibitory dose of cytarabine and inflammatory response in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line NALM-6. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6415-6422. [PMID: 35441937 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the great progress in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, a large number of patients still suffer from chemotherapy drug toxicity. As a routine medication for ALL treatment, cytarabine (Ara-C) has many side effects on the patients. Astaxanthin (ASX), on the other hand, is a carotenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. PURPOSE The present study investigated the effects of ASX in combination with Ara-C on cell proliferation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest in NALM-6 cell line. METHODS NALM6 cells were treated with different concentrations of ASX, Ara-C, and their co-treatment. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using MTT assay. After treating the cells with the IC50 dose of ASX, Ara-C and their co-treatment, we studied apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and expression of apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and inflammatory genes. RESULT MTT assay demonstrated that co-treatment of cytarabine and ASX had greater cytotoxicity effects compared with the IC50 dose of Ara-C alone. After 48 h of treatment of NALM-6 cells with the combination dose, expression levels of apoptotic genes (P53, caspase-8, 3), the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-xL) and inflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α) changed significantly compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Co-treatment of ASX and Ara-C has synergism effects on apoptosis pathways, cell proliferation inhibition, and decreased inflammation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo D, Digiovanni MG, Wei R, Lacomb JF, Williams JL, Rigas B, Mackenzie GG. Phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112) reduces pancreatic cancer growth in patient-derived tumor xenografts and KPC mice: enhanced efficacy when combined with gemcitabine. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:927-939. [PMID: 31584613 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New chemotherapeutic agents are needed for pancreatic cancer (PC). We have previously shown that phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112) is effective in cell-line xenografts of PC. Here, we explored whether MDC-1112 is effective in additional clinically relevant animal models of PC and whether MDC-1112 enhances the anticancer effect of clinically used chemotherapeutic agents. MDC-1112 alone strongly reduced patient-derived pancreatic tumor xenograft growth, and extended survival of LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice. In both models, MDC-1112 inhibited STAT3 activation and its downstream signals, including Bcl-xL and cyclin D1. In human PC cell lines, P-V enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of gemcitabine (GEM), Abraxane and 5-FU, but not that of irinotecan. Normal human pancreatic epithelial cells were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of MDC-1112/GEM combination. Furthermore, MDC-1112 enhanced GEM's effect on colony formation, apoptosis, cell migration, and cell invasion. In vivo, MDC-1112 and GEM, given alone, reduced patient-derived pancreatic tumor xenograft growth by 58% and 87%, respectively; whereas MDC-1112/GEM combination reduced tumor growth by 94%, inducing tumor stasis. In conclusion, MDC-1112 should be further explored as a potential agent to be used in combination with GEM for treating PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Luo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew G Digiovanni
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.,Departments of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F Lacomb
- Departments of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jennie L Williams
- Departments of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.,Departments of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Randazzo O, Papini F, Mantini G, Gregori A, Parrino B, Liu DSK, Cascioferro S, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Frampton AE, Garajova I, Giovannetti E. "Open Sesame?": Biomarker Status of the Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter-1 and Molecular Mechanisms Influencing its Expression and Activity in the Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113206. [PMID: 33142664 PMCID: PMC7692081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive tumor characterized by early invasiveness, rapid progression and resistance to treatment. For more than twenty years, gemcitabine has been the main therapy for PDAC both in the palliative and adjuvant setting. After the introduction of FOLFIRINOX as an upfront treatment for metastatic disease, gemcitabine is still commonly used in combination with nab-paclitaxel as an alternative first-line regimen, as well as a monotherapy in elderly patients unfit for combination chemotherapy. As a hydrophilic nucleoside analogue, gemcitabine requires nucleoside transporters to permeate the plasma membrane, and a major role in the uptake of this drug is played by human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT-1). Several studies have proposed hENT-1 as a biomarker for gemcitabine efficacy in PDAC. A recent comprehensive multimodal analysis of hENT-1 status evaluated its predictive role by both immunohistochemistry (with five different antibodies), and quantitative-PCR, supporting the use of the 10D7G2 antibody. High hENT-1 levels observed with this antibody were associated with prolonged disease-free status and overall-survival in patients receiving gemcitabine adjuvant chemotherapy. This commentary aims to critically discuss this analysis and lists molecular factors influencing hENT-1 expression. Improved knowledge on these factors should help the identification of subgroups of patients who may benefit from specific therapies and overcome the limitations of traditional biomarker studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Randazzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Filippo Papini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gregori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniel S. K. Liu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (S.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital campus, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Correspondence: (A.E.F.); (E.G.); Tel.: +31-003-120-444-2633 (E.G.)
| | - Ingrid Garajova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (O.R.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.G.); (G.J.P.); (I.G.)
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.E.F.); (E.G.); Tel.: +31-003-120-444-2633 (E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gholami H, Divsalar A, Abbasalipourkabir R, Ziamajidi N, Saeidifar M. The simultaneous carrier ability of natural antioxidant of astaxanthin and chemotherapeutic drug of 5-fluorouracil by whey protein of β-lactoglobulin: spectroscopic and molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1004-1016. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1733091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Gholami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Adeleh Divsalar
- Department of Cell & Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Saeidifar
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Lei Y, Xu J, Hua J, Zhang B, Liu J, Liang C, Meng Q, Yu X, Shi S. Role of Damage DNA-Binding Protein 1 in Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121998. [PMID: 31842285 PMCID: PMC6966444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged DNA-binding protein 1 (DDB1) recruits nucleotide excision pathway proteins to form the UV-damaged DNA-binding protein complex and is required for DNA repair. DDB1 was reported to participate in apoptosis and chemoresistance regulation in several cancers. However, little is known about the function of DDB1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we reported that DDB1 functions as a tumor-promoting factor in PDAC by regulating cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance. Compared to normal pancreatic tissues, PDAC tissues had high expression levels of DDB1, and this high expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, reductions in cell proliferation and EMT were observed in DDB1-deficient PDAC cell lines. Intriguingly, we also found that abrogation of DDB1 expression increased PDAC cell sensitivity to gemcitabine (GEM). Mechanistically, DDB1 knockdown was associated with an increase in deoxycytidine kinase expression in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our work demonstrated that DDB1 promotes PDAC progression and chemoresistance and may serve as a potential predictive marker and therapeutic target for PDAC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Lei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (J.H.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-021-6417-5590 (X.Y.); +86-021-6403-1446 (S.S.)
| | - Si Shi
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong’An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-021-6417-5590 (X.Y.); +86-021-6403-1446 (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Supramolecular Carotenoid Complexes of Enhanced Solubility and Stability-The Way of Bioavailability Improvement. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213947. [PMID: 31683692 PMCID: PMC6864715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural dyes and antioxidants widely used in food processing and in therapeutic formulations. However, their practical application is restricted by their high sensitivity to external factors such as heat, light, oxygen, metal ions and processing conditions, as well as by extremely low water solubility. Various approaches have been developed to overcome these problems. In particular, it was demonstrated that application of supramolecular complexes of “host-guest” type with water-soluble nanoparticles allows minimizing the abovementioned disadvantages. From this point of view, nanoencapsulation of carotenoids is an effective strategy to improve their stability during storage and food processing. Also, nanoencapsulation enhances bioavailability of carotenoids via modulating their release kinetics from the delivery system, influencing the solubility and absorption. In the present paper, we present the state of the art of carotenoid nanoencapsulation and summarize the data obtained during last five years on preparation, analysis and reactivity of carotenoids encapsulated into various nanoparticles. The possible mechanisms of carotenoids bioavailability enhancement by multifunctional delivery systems are also discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo W, Yang G, Qiu J, Luan J, Zhang Y, You L, Feng M, Zhao F, Liu Y, Cao Z, Zheng L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Novel discoveries targeting gemcitabine-based chemoresistance and new therapies in pancreatic cancer: How far are we from the destination? Cancer Med 2019; 8:6403-6413. [PMID: 31475468 PMCID: PMC6797580 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Chemoresistance is a significant clinical problem in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and numerous potential mechanisms have been demonstrated but much remains to be understood. To overcome the existing limitations in PC treatment, newer approaches targeting intrinsic or acquired mechanisms have been found to improve drug therapeutic effectiveness in PC patients. Here, we provide an update of the most recent findings and their implications for clinicians, and attempt to summarize the various aspects of different individualized novel therapies for PC that could most benefit metastatic PDAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyang Luan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu B, Wu S, Ma J, Yan S, Xiao Z, Wan L, Zhang F, Shang M, Mao A. lncRNA GAS5 Reverses EMT and Tumor Stem Cell-Mediated Gemcitabine Resistance and Metastasis by Targeting miR-221/SOCS3 in Pancreatic Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:472-482. [PMID: 30388621 PMCID: PMC6205337 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) mediating chemotherapeutic drug effects and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (PC) are key reasons for the poor prognosis of this disease. lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the functions of GAS5 and its related miRNAs in PC are poorly understood. This study explored the potential functions and mechanisms of GAS5 in PC gemcitabine resistance and metastasis. The results show that overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, stem cell-like properties, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC cells by directly binding to and suppressing miR-221 expression and enhancing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression. The effects of miR-221 overexpression on proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, stem cell-like properties, and EMT inhibition were reversed by SOCS3 overexpression in PC cells. Additionally, GAS5 promoted gemcitabine-induced tumor growth and metastasis inhibition, as determined by Ki-67 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), bioluminescence imaging, and the detection of cell-like properties and EMT in vivo. Thus, lncRNA GAS5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-221, and it suppressed cell growth, metastasis, and gemcitabine resistance in PC by regulating the miR-221/SOCS3 pathway mediating EMT and tumor stem cell self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shaoqiu Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhengguang Xiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Linhuang Wan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Mingyi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Aiwu Mao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of Astaxanthin on the Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100135. [PMID: 30287735 PMCID: PMC6210693 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a marine-based ketocarotenoid; an accessory pigment in plants in that it has many different potential functions. ASX is an antioxidant that is notably more potent than many other antioxidants. Antioxidants have anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-reducing properties to potentially reduce the incidence of cancer or inhibit the expansion of tumor cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ASX would inhibit proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. We found that application of ASX significantly reduced proliferation rates and inhibited breast cancer cell migration compared to control normal breast epithelial cells. Based on these results, further investigation of the effects of ASX on not only breast cancer cells, but other forms of tumor cells, should be carried out.
Collapse
|