1
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Tadokoro K, Nakada Y, Sasaki R, Nakano Y, Yunoki T, Shin K, Taoka M, Ninomiya K, Nomura E, Takemoto M, Morihara R, Yamashita T. A Unique Case of Sarcoid-associated Myelopathy Accompanied by Lung Cancer. Intern Med 2023; 62:3531-3535. [PMID: 37062734 PMCID: PMC10749799 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0943-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of myelopathy in patients with malignancies may be challenging, as a spinal biopsy is not always applicable. A 66-year-old woman who had shown transient double vision and nausea developed spasticity and impaired deep sensation in both feet. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal gadolinium enhancement of the brainstem, spinal meninges, and nerve root. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed mild pleocytosis and elevated protein and decreased glucose levels, although CSF cytology was normal. Lung carcinoma was simultaneously detected, and noncaseating granuloma was detected from the hilar and axillary lymph nodes, so she was diagnosed with sarcoid-associated myelopathy. Her symptoms were kept stable by intravenous methylprednisolone, oral prednisolone, and methotrexate. This is the first case of sarcoid-associated myelopathy accompanied by lung cancer, suggesting the importance of clinical course, repetitive CSF cytology, and a biopsy of the lymph nodes to distinguish sarcoid-associated myelopathy from meningeal metastasis in patients with malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Yumi Nakada
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Taijun Yunoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shin
- Center for Graduate Medical Education, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Masataka Taoka
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Ninomiya
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Japan
| | - Emi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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2
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Umeano L, Pujari HP, Nasiri SMZJ, Parisapogu A, Shah A, Montaser J, Mohammed L. The Association Between Lung Cancer and Sarcoidosis: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45508. [PMID: 37868478 PMCID: PMC10585050 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While various factors can lead to lung cancer, such as tobacco smoking, this article focuses on the relationship between sarcoidosis, a multisystem granulomatous disorder, and lung neoplasm. To investigate this association, the authors conducted a literature search using relevant keywords. The analysis of these reports concluded that while Sarcoidosis and lung cancer together is rare, it is possible. The presenting symptoms, age, gender, and diagnostic procedures of each case should be evaluated, and appropriate diagnostic procedures should be carried out to determine the appropriate treatment for each patient. Clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of these two diseases co-occurring, as they can impact the management of the patient's condition, whether it is curative or palliative. It is essential to rule out metastatic cancer in individuals with sarcoidosis-like clinical and radiographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotanna Umeano
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hari Priya Pujari
- Diagnostic Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Anusha Parisapogu
- Infectious Disease, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Anuj Shah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jamal Montaser
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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3
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Brunner M, Ammer-Herrmenau C, Biggemann L, Ströbel P, König A, Ellenrieder V, Petzold G. [Metastasis or sarcoidosis - a diagnostic pitfall in metastatic rectal carcinoma]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:515-521. [PMID: 36126930 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous diseases as sarcoidosis can impair the staging of metastatic diseases since metastasis are hard to distinguish from granulomas in standard imaging. This case report describes the diagnostic workup and therapy in a patient with simultaneous sarcoidosis and rectal cancer with hepatic metastasis and how a curative stadium was achieved. CASE DESCRIPTION A 71-year old male patient was diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the rectum after presenting with involuntary weight loss and anemia. Further diagnostics raised strong suspicion of hepatic, pulmonary and splenic metastasis. Histology after bronchoscopy surprisingly discovered non-caseating granulomas, leading to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Due to an obstructive tumor, a rectum resection was performed. Due to a high suspicion of splenic metastasis during surgery, the spleen was removed. Histology revealed no metastasis in the spleen but multiple granulomas due to sarcoidosis. After surgery, biopsy of a suspicious lesion in the liver revealed both metastasis and sarcoidosis in the same sample. The patient was treated with a pseudo(neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil, Leukovorin, Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and Panitumumab (Anti-EGF-antibody). After treatment, CT scan revealed two hepatic lesions decreasing in size, while all other lesions were metrically stable. A right hemihepatectomy followed and histology revealed both sarcoidosis and metastasis. The curated patient was sent to aftercare and there is no suspicion for a relapse (13 month after last surgery). DISCUSSION The simultaneous appearance of metastatic tumors and sarcoidosis creates a diagnostic dilemma since both manifestations can barely be distinguished in regular imaging technologies. This case report demonstrates that the histological work-up of affected organs with consecutive resections can cure a patient of a metastatic tumor disease, even in the context of simultaneous sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Brunner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lorenz Biggemann
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander König
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Golo Petzold
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Hyakutake Y, Shibahara I, Inukai M, Koizumi H, Hide T, Morota N, Yoshida T, Sasaki J, Kumabe T. A Case of Synchronous Occurrence of Intracranial Germinoma and Systemic Sarcoidosis. NMC Case Rep J 2022; 8:645-650. [PMID: 35079529 PMCID: PMC8769452 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2021-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the synchronous occurrence of testicular seminoma and systemic sarcoidosis has been reported, that of intracranial germinoma and systemic sarcoidosis is unknown. A 26-year-old man presented with symptoms of panhypopituitarism and consciousness disturbance. Imaging demonstrated a large nodule in the upper right lung field and swelling of multiple bilateral pulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes in addition to the bifocal pineal and suprasellar tumors with obstructive hydrocephalus. The pathological diagnosis of the intracranial bifocal tumors was pure germinoma, whereas that of the mediastinal lymph nodes was epithelioid granuloma. Three courses of chemotherapy using carboplatin and etoposide were administered, followed by whole ventricle irradiation. The intracranial tumors completely disappeared, but the lung nodule and mediastinal lymph nodes progressed. Whole-body fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography demonstrated accumulation in the mediastinal lymphadenopathy, lung masses, and multiple lymph nodes of the whole body. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed epithelioid granuloma with multinucleated giant cells. In conjunction with the high blood concentration of angiotensin-converting enzyme and soluble interleukin-2 receptor, these findings established a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. This is the first report of synchronous occurrence of intracranial germinoma and sarcoidosis. Such coexistence is extremely rare, but we should mind that sarcoidosis can occur with intracranial germinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hyakutake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ichiyo Shibahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Madoka Inukai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuichiro Hide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Morota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jiichiro Sasaki
- Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Srinivasan M, Thangaraj SR, Arzoun H, Govindasamy Kulandaisamy LB, Mohammed L. The Association of Lung Cancer and Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e21169. [PMID: 35103216 PMCID: PMC8776520 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. While numerous reasons, including tobacco smoking, may lead to lung cancer, the purpose of this article was to explore the association between sarcoidosis, a multisystem granulomatous disorder, and lung neoplasms. A literature search was done on multiple databases with appropriate keywords, and the authors selected case reports where patients were diagnosed with sarcoidosis and lung cancer. These reports were analyzed in detail, and nine reports were included in this study. Each case was evaluated for the presenting symptoms, age, gender, and diagnostic procedures, including a follow-up analysis. After the evaluation, it can be concluded that sarcoidosis and lung cancer can occur simultaneously, despite being rare. Appropriate diagnostic procedures, including histopathological examination of the affected lymph nodes, showed either cancerous or non-cancerous cells (granulomas), thus altering the treatment on a case-by-case basis. Being aware of all possible associations between these two diseases could alter the clinical management, whether curative or palliative, and clinicians must rule out metastatic cancer in individuals with sarcoidosis-like clinical and radiographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirra Srinivasan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Santhosh Raja Thangaraj
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hadia Arzoun
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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6
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Gaddam M, Ojinnaka U, Ahmed Z, Kannan A, Quadir H, Hakobyan K, Mostafa JA. Sarcoidosis: Various Presentations, Coexisting Diseases and Malignancies. Cureus 2021; 13:e16967. [PMID: 34540380 PMCID: PMC8423115 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease with a characteristic non-caseating granuloma formation. It affects women more than men. The lung is the most commonly affected organ, however, extrapulmonary involvement is also seen. Sarcoidosis can affect any organ or tissue and can also involve multiple organs simultaneously. As a disease, it shares clinical symptoms with a variety of autoimmune, non-autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Not only it mimics clinically, but it also coexists with these diseases, posing a significant diagnostic challenge. During this literature review, we obtained data from the previously published PubMed articles within the last five years and reviewed the possible etiological association and clinical coexistence between sarcoidosis and other diseases/malignancies. We aimed to determine the common clinical manifestations, various complex presentations of sarcoidosis and pathophysiological considerations for the association, and to emphasize the link with other diseases, particularly thyroid disorders/malignancies. Physicians should be aware of these associated diseases and should always make a clinical suspicion when confronting a sarcoidosis patient. Thus, a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for these associated conditions ought to be done in sarcoidosis patients to avoid any delay in the curative treatment for these coexisting diseases and to prevent substandard outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunanjali Gaddam
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, IND
| | - Ugochi Ojinnaka
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zubayer Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amudhan Kannan
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.,General Surgery Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Huma Quadir
- Internal Medicine/Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Knkush Hakobyan
- Diagnostic Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Adjunct Faculty, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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7
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Katsamakas M, Tzitzili E, Boudina M, Kiziridou A, Valeri R, Zafeiriou G, Chrisoulidou A. Thyroid sarcoidosis: a rare entity in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2021; 2021:EDM210095. [PMID: 34515660 PMCID: PMC8495726 DOI: 10.1530/edm-21-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY We present two cases of thyroid sarcoidosis that were misdiagnosed as thyroid cancer. In the first patient, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAc) of a suspicious thyroid nodule indicated the presence of papillary thyroid cancer, and the patient underwent thyroid surgery. However, histopathology identified a sarcoid granuloma, without any sign of malignancy. The second patient had a history of papillary microcarcinoma with suspicious lymph nodes diagnosed years after the initial diagnosis and was referred for assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAc) of the suspicious lymph nodes erroneously indicated metastasis from thyroid cancer, and lateral modified lymph node dissection was performed, based on FNAc and ultrasonographic features. Histopathology excluded malignancy and identified non-caseating granulomas. Sarcoidosis of the thyroid may have a clinical presentation similar to well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma and, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially when other signs of the disease are already present. In these cases, FNAc provided a false diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastases that led to unnecessary surgery. LEARNING POINTS Sarcoidosis may share clinical and ultrasonographic features with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology is helpful in the diagnosis of both conditions; however, the overlapping cytological characteristics may lead to erroneous diagnosis. The present cases illustrate the importance of cytological identification of these difficult cases. Every piece of information provided by the clinician is essential to the cytologist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosalia Valeri
- Cytology Department, Theageneio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Sarcoidosis vs. Colon Cancer Metastasis: Diagnostic Dilemma and the Role of PET Scan in Monitoring Disease Activity. Case Rep Rheumatol 2021; 2021:5529523. [PMID: 34258100 PMCID: PMC8244180 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by “noncaseating granulomas.” It primarily affects the lungs, but multiple other organs can be involved. Sarcoidosis has been increasingly reported in association with cancer. It can precede, follow or occur at the same time as the diagnosis of cancer. We report a case of sarcoidosis that was diagnosed concomitantly with colon cancer, highlighting the diagnostic dilemma of sarcoidosis vs. cancer metastasis, the relationship between the two, and the value of PET scan in follow-up and monitoring of disease activity.
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Gouveris P, Zouki DN, Sarris EG, Kolilekas L, Tryfonopoulos D, Papaxoinis G, Demiri S. Melanoma and Sarcoidosis in Patients Receiving or Not Antineoplastic Therapy. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:1059-1065. [PMID: 34326742 PMCID: PMC8299382 DOI: 10.1159/000516035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions have been associated with many solid tumors including malignant melanoma. There are reports of melanoma patients who develop sarcoidosis without having received any antineoplastic treatment, but there are also melanoma patients who have received immunotherapy or targeted therapy and, therefore, develop drug-associated sarcoidosis. Herein, we describe 2 cases of thoracic sarcoidosis which occurred in asymptomatic patients with known malignant melanoma. The first patient had metastatic disease, and she was under melanoma treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors at the time of sarcoidosis diagnosis. The second case involves a patient with early stage melanoma who had received no antineoplastic treatment. In both cases, the thoracic lesions were suspicious for metastatic involvement, and it was the biopsy which gave the diagnosis of granulomatous disease. Sarcoidosis induced by immune checkpoint or BRAF/MEK inhibitors seems to be more frequent in real-world studies than in large phase 3 melanoma trials. Sarcoidosis can mimic metastasis, predominately in mediastinum, representing a diagnostic pitfall. Therefore, biopsies must always be performed to exclude the metastatic spread before initiation of any antineoplastic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Gouveris
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia N Zouki
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos G Sarris
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Likourgos Kolilekas
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Department and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Papaxoinis
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatina Demiri
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
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10
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Vieira H, Neilsen BK, Sleightholm R, Hankins J, Freifeld A, Moore G, Wahl A, Baine MJ. Diffuse lesions secondary to sarcoidosis mimicking widespread metastatic breast cancer: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:477-481. [PMID: 33489200 PMCID: PMC7813063 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This case of sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic breast cancer serves as a reminder of the need to consider differential diagnoses even when the clinical scenario and imaging findings are highly suggestive of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Vieira
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Beth K. Neilsen
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Richard Sleightholm
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Jordan Hankins
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Alison Freifeld
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Gerald Moore
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Andrew Wahl
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Michael J. Baine
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
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11
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El Jammal T, Pavic M, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Jamilloux Y, Sève P. Sarcoidosis and Cancer: A Complex Relationship. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:594118. [PMID: 33330555 PMCID: PMC7732692 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in various organs, mainly the lungs, and the lymphatic system. Since the individualization of sarcoidosis-lymphoma association by Brincker et al., the relationship between sarcoidosis or granulomatous syndromes and malignancies has been clarified through observational studies worldwide. Two recent meta-analyses showed an increased risk of neoplasia in sarcoidosis. The granulomatosis can also reveal malignancy, either solid or hematological, defining paraneoplastic sarcoidosis. Recent cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (targeting PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4) and BRAF or MEK inhibitors were also reported as possible inducers of sarcoidosis-like reactions. Sarcoidosis and neoplasia, especially lymphoma, can show overlapping presentations, thus making the diagnosis and treatment harder to deal with. There are currently no formal recommendations to guide the differential diagnosis workup between the evolution of lymphoma or a solid cancer and a granulomatous reaction associated with neoplasia. Thus, in atypical presentations (e.g., deeply impaired condition, compressive lymphadenopathy, atypical localization, unexplained worsening lymphadenopathy, or splenomegaly), and treatment-resistant disease, targeted biopsies on suspect localizations with histological examination could help the clinician to differentiate neoplasia from sarcoidosis. Pathological diagnosis could sometimes be challenging since very few tumor cells may be surrounded by massive granulomatous reaction. The sensitization of currently available diagnostic tools should improve the diagnostic accuracy, such as the use of more “cancer-specific” radioactive tracers coupled with Positron Emission Tomography scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas El Jammal
- Internal Medicine Department, La Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Pavic
- Medicine Department, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Yvan Jamilloux
- Internal Medicine Department, La Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1111, Center International de Recherche en Infectiologie/International Research Center in Infectiology (CIRI), University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Internal Medicine Department, La Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France.,Pôle IMER, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,HESPER EA 7425, Lyon University, University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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12
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Murthi M, Yoshioka K, Cho JH, Arias S, Danna E, Zaw M, Holt G, Tatsumi K, Kawasaki T, Mirsaeidi M. Presence of concurrent sarcoid-like granulomas indicates better survival in cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00061-2020. [PMID: 33263026 PMCID: PMC7682654 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00061-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increased risk of sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions in subjects with a history of malignancy has been suggested. We assessed the incidence and clinical characteristics of cancer patients with biopsies containing sarcoid-like granulomas on cancer metastasis and patient survival. Methods This is a retrospective, multicentre, observational study involving endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration and a melanoma patient dataset at the University of Miami, USA, and a sarcoidosis patient database at Chiba University, Japan. Subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer and who subsequently developed granulomas in different organs were enrolled. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03844698). Results 133 patients met the study's criteria. The most common primary cancer sites were the skin (22.5%), breast (20.3%) and lymph node (12.8%). 24 (18%) patients developed sarcoid-like granulomas within 1 year of cancer diagnosis, 54 (40.6%) between 1 and 5 years and 49 (36.8%) after 5 years. Imaging showed possible sarcoid-like granulomas in lymph nodes in 51 cases (38.3%) and lung tissue and mediastinal lymph nodes in 73 cases (54.9%); some parenchymal reticular opacity and fibrosis was found in 5 (3.7%) and significant parenchymal fibrosis in 2 (1.5%) subjects. According to logistic regression analysis, the frequency of metastatic cancer was significantly lower in patients with sarcoid-like granulomas than in controls. Moreover, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed a significant survival advantage in those with sarcoid-like granuloma. Conclusion Sarcoid-like granulomas are uncommon pathology findings in cancer patients. There is a significant association between the presence of granulomas and reduced metastasis and increased survival. Further study is warranted to understand the protective mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukunthan Murthi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Keiichiro Yoshioka
- Dept of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jeong Hee Cho
- Dept of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sixto Arias
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elio Danna
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Moe Zaw
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Greg Holt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Dept of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Dept of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Section of Pulmonary, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
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13
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Rubasingham J, Marzouk S, Madhavan K, Sioftanos G, Liyanage SH. Pulmonary sarcoidosis masquerading as metastatic cervical cancer: a pitfall in CT scans and positron emission tomography (PET). BJR Case Rep 2020; 6:20190125. [PMID: 32922836 PMCID: PMC7465737 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20190125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis has been associated with co-existing malignancies in several organs, including the breast and thyroid gland as well as lymphomas. However, the occurrence of sarcoidosis with cervical cancer is rare with only nine previous cases reported in the published literature. We present a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis imitating mediastinal lymph node metastases on the staging CT scan and positron emission tomography imaging. The presence of thoracic lymphadenopathy without any pelvic lymphadenopathy prompted histological confirmation of sarcoidosis on endobronchial ultrasound guided biopsy. Misdiagnosing pulmonary sarcoidosis as metastases would have precluded the patient from receiving the curative treatment and likely resulted in suboptimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherief Marzouk
- Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - George Sioftanos
- Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sidath H Liyanage
- Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, England, United Kingdom
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14
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Sano Y, Fujiwara M, Yuasa T, Komai Y, Yamamoto T, Kohno A, Nakao M, Inamura K, Yonese J. Testicular seminoma with a progressing pulmonary nodule and mediastinal lymphadenopathy without retroperitoneal metastasis. IJU Case Rep 2020; 3:211-214. [PMID: 32914079 PMCID: PMC7469829 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular germ cell cancer has a relatively good prognosis even if visceral and/or lymph node metastases are present thanks to chemotherapy. Yet chemotherapy can lead to various adverse events. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish whether a suspected metastatic disease is metastasis or not. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old male visited our hospital to receive subsequent therapy for suspected recurrent seminoma with a progressing pulmonary nodule and mediastinal lymphadenopathy after orchiectomy. The pathological diagnosis of needle aspiration and resected specimen of the several lesions was consistent with epithelioid cell granuloma without caseous necrosis. Based on these findings, the lung and mediastinal lymph node lesions were diagnosed as sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION In cases where the simultaneous occurrence of other benign or malignant diseases is suspected, pathological confirmation is necessary for appropriate decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sano
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Motohiro Fujiwara
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Komai
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Department ofRadiologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kohno
- Department ofRadiologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Nakao
- Department ofThoracic Surgical OncologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department ofPathologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
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15
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Bala P, Arjun P, Varghese L, Sudin SR, Pillai S, Thampy C, Palangadan S, Biji KA. A red herring, a wild-goose chase, and an unexpected diagnosis of concomitant malignancy and sarcoidosis. Lung India 2020; 37:437-440. [PMID: 32883906 PMCID: PMC7857364 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_378_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 49-year-old male was evaluated in our hospital for chronic cough, cervical lymphadenopathy, and a testicular mass. As a part of the management, he underwent a cervical lymph node biopsy, which showed metastatic deposits from papillary carcinoma thyroid. Subsequently, he underwent orchidectomy for suspected testicular malignancy, but the biopsy showed discrete granulomatous inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis. This was followed by total thyroidectomy with neck node dissection. Nodal histopathological examination, this time, revealed a single node containing both malignancy and granulomas. Prior to the thyroid surgery, he underwent a mediastinoscopic sampling of the mediastinal nodes, which also showed granulomatous inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis affecting the genitourinary system is a rare entity. The coexistence of sarcoidosis and thyroid malignancy poses a diagnostic challenge. A thorough review of the literature was done, and there are no reports from India on the above association. This is a unique case, which could possibly suggest an association between sarcoidosis and malignancy and highlights the importance of obtaining a tissue diagnosis in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuthurai Bala
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Padmanabhan Arjun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Liju Varghese
- Department of General Surgery, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - S R Sudin
- Department of Urology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Sandeep Pillai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Cherian Thampy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Shaji Palangadan
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - K A Biji
- Department of Pathology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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16
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Trøstrup H, Behrendt N, Mogensen AM, Saltvig I, Bandier PC, Hesselfeldt J, Løvenwald JB. Concurrent sarcoidal granulomas and melanoma micrometastasis in a sentinel node - a case report. CASE REPORTS IN PLASTIC SURGERY AND HAND SURGERY 2019; 6:105-108. [PMID: 31853463 PMCID: PMC6913662 DOI: 10.1080/23320885.2019.1694412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Incidental findings of non-caseating granulomas and metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes are rare but cause clinical challenges. We report a case of coinciding unexpected asymptomatic lymphoid sarcoidosis and a micrometastasis in a sentinel node of a patient, who was newly diagnosed with 2.0 mm thick melanoma on the left calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Trøstrup
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nille Behrendt
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Iselin Saltvig
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Phillipe Claus Bandier
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Hesselfeldt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jette B Løvenwald
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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17
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Pratas E, Carvalho J, Domingues I, Pinheiro S, Amaral S, Khouri L, Costa M, Eufrásio J, Pires I, Davies M, Garcia R, Teixeira M. Case Report: Sarcoidosis mimicking head and neck cancer progression. F1000Res 2019; 8:215. [PMID: 31608145 PMCID: PMC6777012 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17834.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several case reports have been published describing the coexistence of sarcoidosis and cancer. In the literature, simultaneous occurrence of head and neck cancer and sarcoidosis is rarely reported. In this paper we present a case of a 42-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, locally advanced, which after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy developed local persistence and progression in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The patient was submitted to chemotherapy and after a complete response, new suspicious mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes appeared in the thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan. To enroll the patient in a clinical trial, the patient underwent mediastinoscopy with mediastinal lymph node dissection. The histopathological findings were consistent with sarcoidosis and no metastatic disease was found. Since the patient had no symptoms and the levels of serum angiotensin converting enzyme were normal, no further pharmacological intervention was done. After 4 years of follow up the patient remains without evidence of cancer. This case shows that although imagological techniques (CT and FDG-PET scan) are extensively used to assess the tumor response, false-positive cases can occur. Whenever it is possible a biopsy of the suspected metastatic site should always be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pratas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Carvalho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Domingues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Pinheiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Amaral
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leila Khouri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Costa
- Department of Stomatology and Maxilofacial Surgery, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Eufrásio
- Department of Stomatology and Maxilofacial Surgery, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isonda Pires
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael Davies
- Melanoma Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Rita Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Teixeira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
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